The kukhuthala madzi

Katundu wa madzi aliwonse, kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa mphamvu yake kuteteza ufulu kusamutsidwa kapena kusintha kosangalatsa wa particles yake, anafotokoza mfundo za kukhuthala madzimadzi. Physico-mankhwala katundu tanthauzo la izi mabodza chakuti avundulidwe madzi, pali ena mkati mikangano mphamvu pakati mamolekyulu, amene nawonso, ngongole zawo kuli kukhalapo kwa maselo kukopa mphamvu.

mfundo ndi yakuti mu zakumwa phindu mtunda pakati mamolekyulu ndi ochepa, koma chifukwa sakhala mafoni kuposa, nkuti, mamolekyulu mpweya. Malowedwe mu wosanjikiza zina zimatheka mwa kupanga mmenemo ndi malo okwanira kwa madzi kudutsa molekyulu. Mapangidwe chotero selo amadya mphamvu, amene mogwirizana amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha ndi kucheperachepera kuthamanga ndi mosemphanitsa.

Pakali pano, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti okhwima sayansi ya zodabwitsazi silinakwaniritsidwe anakhazikitsa.

Waukulu zizindikiro za madzi kukhuthala, kuchita zazikulu koyefishienti oboznachaemy - μ, ndipo pambali pa izo, kinematic koyefishienti, amaimira - ν.

Kuona mphamvu koyefishienti wagawo poise (P) ntchito GHS chinkafunika umene uli wofanana 1 • × dyne / cm2 = 1 g / masentimita • × s). Dongosolo yokoka chinkafunika dongosolo chiŵerengero izi amayezedwa kgf • s / m2; ndipo ambiri SI - mu Pa • m ndi. Inu mukhoza kuika ubale masamu a zosintha awa ndi mzake. Icho chiri motere: P 1 ndi za 0,0101 kgf • s / m2, womwe ndi 0,1 × Pa • m. Komanso, 1 × kgf • s / m2 = 98,1 N, lomwe liri 9,81 × Pa • m.

Malinga ndi njira: ν = μ / ρ ndi zosatheka kuwerengetsa kinematic koyefishienti wa kukhuthala kwa madzi, ndi unit muyeso Stokes (St, mu dongosolo la GHS), umene uli wofanana 1 cm2 / s. M'magulu ena - yokoka dongosolo chinkafunika ndi unit SI ntchito kuyeza chiŵerengero izi wofanana 1 m2 / s, amene ali 10000 Art.

malamulo kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha, ndi kukhuthala madzimadzi yafupika. Ubale kwa chinthu zazikulu chimafotokozera anthu aone kuti pali μ = μ0 • mauthenga × ndi (t-t0), lomwe limatchula: μ ndi '0 - lolingana mtengo koyefishienti pa anapatsidwa kutentha T ndi t0, ndi - ndi amalimbikitsa amene phindu anatsimikiza ndi maonekedwe a madzimadzi yokha, ndipo amene ali oyaka, mwachitsanzo, kwa mafuta, ukulu wake osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0,025 kuti 0,035.

Palinso kudalira pa chizindikiro ichi ndi zinthu kutentha. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka pankhani mafuta kapena zina lubricants kuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana zipangizo makina, aggregates, makina. Chilinganizo kudalira uyu ali mawonekedwe: νt = ν • × 50 × (50 / t0) N. Iwo anasankha: νt - mtengo wa koyefishienti kinematic pa mtengo pano kutentha, ν × 50 - mtengo wa koyefishienti kufunika kwa kutentha 50 C, T - kufunika kutentha pa zomwe tiyenera kudziwa ubwino koyefishienti wa, N - katundu khalidwe la madzi, amene sasintha malingana ndi kutentha, ndi mtengo wa × ν 50.

mtengo kuchita masamu N molondola zokwanira, ngati tigwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo N = LG ν × 50 + 2.7. Pofuna kuchita kuwerengetsera pa nkhani iliyonse, phindu N, zimaonetsa koyamba kukhuthala kwa madzi pa 50 C, zakambidwa mwachidule mu wapadera tebulo. Izi kufulumizitsa kwambiri mmwamba mawerengedwe ndondomeko.

Komanso, pali chidule gome la kukhuthala zakumwa zimene zimagwirizana kamodzi onse deta ndi zithunzi za zinthu zonse zazikulu ndi kinematic kwa mitundu ina ya zakumwa.

mtima lolondola ndi zimene zimaonetsa ndi kukhuthala madzimadzi ali wamkulu yothandiza, kutanthauza kuti Mzimuyo Mwachangu ndi durability wa njira zambiri zimene ife kugwiritsa ntchito pa ntchito ndi kunyumba.