Okusayidi mkuwa

Cuprum (Cu) amanena kuti chiwerengero cha zitsulo kulalikira. Iwo amakhala ndi mapangidwe mankhwala ndi limati makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa 1 ndi +2. Mwachitsanzo, oxides awiri, ndi pawiri la zinthu ziwiri Cu ndi mpweya O: makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma 1 - cuprous okusayidi Cu2O ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma +2 - okusayidi mkuwa CuO. Ngakhale kuti iwo zigwirizana chimodzimodzi zinthu mankhwala, koma aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe yake yapadera. Mu zitsulo ozizira anachita ofooka kwambiri ndi mpweya mu mlengalenga, yokutidwa ndi filimu, yomwe ndi okusayidi mkuwa, amene kumathandiza zovekera makutidwe ndi okosijeni cuprum. Pamene usavutike, chinthu yosavuta ndi ndondomeko nambala 29 mu tebulo nthawi kwathunthu oxidized. Pankhaniyi inakhazikitsanso wa okusayidi mkuwa (II): 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO.

Nitrous oxide ndi wooneka wofiira olimba ndi kulemera maselo a 143,1 g / Mole. Pawiri ali limatsogolera kutentha kwa 1235 ° C, ndi kuwira kufika 1800 ° C. Zilibe kupasuka mu madzi koma dissolves zidulo. okusayidi wamkulu mkuwa (I) mu njira amoniya (anaikira), n'kupanga colorless zovuta [Cu (NH3) 2] +, amene mosavuta oxidized mu mpweya wa ammonia zovuta buluu wofiirira mtundu [Cu (NH3) 4 (H2O) 2] 2+ Kutha mu acid amathiridwa kupanga CuCl2. Mu mbiri michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi sayansi Cu2O ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo kwambiri kuphunzira.

Mkuwa okusayidi (I), amatchedwanso nitrous ali katundu zofunika. Iwo angathe kukonzekera ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zitsulo: 4Cu + O2 → 2 Cu2O. Zosafunika monga madzi ndi asidi bwanji mlingo wa ndondomeko imeneyi, ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni china okusayidi akakhala. Cuprous okusayidi akhoza zidzasungunuka mu chidulo cha safuriki, potero kupanga zitsulo woyera ndi mchere kwake: H2SO4 + Cu2O → Cu + CuSO4 + H2O. A njira imeneyi ndi anzake wa okusayidi ndi digiri ya makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zitsulo wina ndi zidulo ena mpweya munali. Mu anachita asidi nitrous ndi halogenated monovalent zitsulo mawonekedwe mchere: 2HCl + Cu2O → 2CuCl + H2O.

Anapeza okusayidi mkuwa (I) mu uthunthu monga miyala yofiira (dzina lakale ili, pamodzi ndi monga rube Cu), mchere wotchedwa "Cuprite". Pa mapangidwe ake amatenga nthawi yaitali. Iwo akhoza kupangidwa chongopeka kapena kutentha pansi kuthamanga oxygen. Nitrous zambiri ntchito ngati fungicide, monga pigment, monga m'madzi antifouling wothandizila mu utoto kapena nyanja, ndipo ntchito ngati chothandizira a.

Komabe, zotsatira za mankhwala ndi mankhwala chilinganizo Cu2O pa chamoyo zingakhale zovulaza. Pamene Mpweya, izo zimayambitsa kufupika kwa mpweya, chifuwa, ndi ulceration ndi perforation pa mundawo kupuma. Ngati kuwameza, akutivutitsa kwa mundawo m'mimba pamodzi ndi kusanza, kupweteka ndi kutsekula m'mimba.

Apamwamba okusayidi mkuwa maonekedwe ndi ufa kuchokera zofiirira ndi wakuda. Zimachitika mwachibadwa monga mchere ndi, "ndondomeko" mu maonekedwe ake kopambana. limatsogolera ake kutentha ndi 1326 ° C, otentha mfundo 2,000 ° C. Ndi insoluble m'madzi, mowa, hydroxide ammonium, ammonium carbonate njira. Sungunuka njira amadzimadzi wa mankhwala enaake ammonium ndi cyanide potaziyamu. Wakuda uyu olimba akhoza akamagwira Kutentha mu mlengalenga Cu. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi inakhazikitsanso okusayidi Cu. Kukonzekera okusayidi mkuwa CuO optionally ndi mankhwala Kutentha:

• mkuwa (II) nitrate 2Cu (NO3) 2 4 → NO2 + O2 + 2CuO;

• mkuwa (II) hydroxide Cu (o) 2 → H2O + CuO;

• mkuwa (II) carbonate CuCO3 → CO2 + CuO.

Cuprum (II) okusayidi ndi zofunika, kotero amasungunula mu zidulo mchere (hydrochloric, sulfuric ndi nitric) kupereka lolingana divalent Cu salt:

• 2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O;

• H2SO4 + CuO → CuSO4 + H2O;

• 2HNO3 + CuO → Cu (NO3) 2 + H2O.

Amachitira okusayidi mkuwa (II) ndi soda anaikira kupanga mchere: 2 KOH + CuO + H2O → K2 [Cu (o) 4].

okusayidi akhozanso kusanduka zachitsulo Cu ndi anachita ndi haidrojeni kapena mpweya monoxide :

• H2 + CuO → Cu + H2O;

• NKHA + CuO → Cu + CO2.

Ntchito okusayidi mkuwa (II) mu zoumbaumba (monga pigment a) kwa glaze (buluu, wobiriwira ndi wofiira, ndi zina pinki, imvi kapena lakuda). Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga zowonjezera chakudya nyama kuti achepetse akusowa cuprum mu thupi. Izi chuma abrasive chimene chili chofunika kwa zida osalala kuwala. Izo ntchito yopanga mabatire youma yokonza Cu salt ena. pawiri nazonso ntchito CuO kasakaniza wazitsulo kuwotcherera mkuwa.

Ndinakumana ndi pawiri mankhwala CuO zingathenso kukhala owopsa kwa thupi. Pamene Mpweya, kuchititsa m'mapapo mkwiyo. Mkuwa okusayidi (II) zikhoza nthunzi malungo zachitsulo (MFF). Cu okusayidi amakwiya kusintha khungu, mwina ndi vuto la maso. Pamene ingested monga nitrous kumabweretsa poizoni, amene anatsagana ndi zizindikiro za kusanza, kupweteka.