Mungoli mu zamoyo - kayimbidwe kotani Chinthu ...

Mungoli mu zamoyo - ndi chidwi kwambiri chodabwitsa. Today asayansi ambiri chinkhoswe mu kafukufuku wa zodabwitsazi. Mungoli mu zamoyo - ndi ndondomeko chilengedwe zimene zikukhudza zamoyo zonse. Mu ichi mudzaona powerenga nkhaniyi.

Mfundo za umodzi wa chamoyo ndi chilengedwe ndi imodzi mwa mfundo za sayansi yamakono. zamoyo zonse, komanso dongosolo supraorganismal, mlandu umodzi chilengedwe limene iwo akukhala, ndi mungoli onse njira ake. Vital ntchito za iwo umamumvera kaimbidwe nthawi zimene zimasonyeza ayankhe kaimbidwe chilengedwe chonse lonse (kuphatikizapo geophysical, zakuthambo), komanso chikhalidwe.

PY Sokolov, Russian Katswiri, ananena kuti onse moyo nyama ndi zomera, ndi izo, ndipo anthu mowirikiza muyaya kuvutika ndi zinthu zooneka ndi likukwaniritsa rhythmic zochita pulsing kwa kumenyedwa mtima wa dziko.

Kodi biorhythms?

Tiyeni tione mfundo yofunika kwa ife. kaimbidwe enieni nthawi kusintha mobwerezabwereza chikhalidwe ndi mphamvu ya zodabwitsa za chilengedwe komanso njira. njira mtanda izi lonse osiyanasiyana mafurikwense. Zikupezeka pa aliyense wa milingo ya gulu la amoyo kachitidwe. The biosystem kwambiri, choncho ali ambiri biorhythms. Iwo kuliika pa mlingo chibadwa. Mungoli mu zamoyo - chodabwitsa chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri kuti anatengera ndi kusankha zamoyo wa zamoyo.

linakhalapo chifukwa kalunzanitsidwe njira amuzolengedwa. Popeza zamoyo ndi dongosolo masanjidwe, lifunika moyenera ndi kugwira ntchito kwa subsystems zosiyanasiyana ndi milingo nthawi osati nthawi komanso danga kwachilengedwenso.

M'nkhani ino mudzaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane zimene kayimbidwe kotani mu zamoyo. Mawonetseredwe, katundu, ndi zitsanzo ziti pansipa.

Chronobiology: zikamera ndi kukula

Science kuti amaphunzira kaimbidwe zamoyo amatchedwa chronobiology. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuyambira nthawi yakale kuti pamakhala ndi masamba a zomera, malingana ndi nthawi ya tsiku kuchita magulu ena. Karl Linney kumbuyo mu 1745 anatulukira "wotchi maluwa" (m'munsimu muli chithunzi) kudziwa nthawi kukhala lotayirira ndi kutsekera kwa maluwa.

Mu zoyambirira za m'ma 19, phunziro loyamba kaimbidwe circadian anthu akhala akufufuza, monga kutentha thupi, pafupipafupi pokodza ndiponso kugunda kwa mtima. Monga m'mabukhu Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa nthawi imeneyi zimapezeka zikuonetsa kuti kuli ntchito rhythmic amene amkati, mwachitsanzo zidzachitika mu thupi. Mu 1936 izo potsiriza anakhazikitsa amkati kaimbidwe circadian zomera ndi maluwa. Chifukwa chaichi asatengere kunja pa iwo onse analandira.

yachitika ena chitukuko cha sayansi ya chronobiology - kutsegula kwa lathu la mbalame ndi njuchi ndege dzuwa, kutsimikizira kuti kuli thupi ya kayimbidwe amkati circadian. Inalimbikitsidwa latsopano kunapatsidwa kwa sayansi chifukwa cha kafukufuku mlengalenga. Monga kale, chidwi chachikulu cha asayansi kuphunzira kayimbidwe kwachilengedwenso ndi kuphunzira kayimbidwe pachaka, mwezi ndi diurnal.

Kaimbidwe ndi dziphunzitsiranso thupi

Kuonetsetsa zotsatirazi gulu lawo mawu a zimachitika pakati pa chilengedwe ndi chamoyo.

1. Kaimbidwe dziphunzitsiranso (biorhythm) - uyu oscillation nthawi kuti ali pafupi m'zinthu yovuta geophysical. ntchito yawo ndi lizigwirizana zamoyo zosiyana kusintha zachilengedwe zimene zimachitika nthawi. pafupipafupi awo ndi wolimba.
2. kaimbidwe thupi (ntchito) - Phokoso zimene zimasonyeza ntchito za kachitidwe thupi la makamaka chamoyo. pafupipafupi awo zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimadalira chikhalidwe cha chamoyo.

Kaimbidwe wa exogenous ndipo amkati

The kaimbidwe zachilengedwe maonekedwe anawagawa exogenous ndipo amkati. Exogenous - zochita za chamoyo ndi kusintha chilengedwe. Amkati uka chifukwa cha njira kudziletsa malamulo yodziwika ndi maganizo mochedwa. Iwo ali omumvera pa yomweyo zotsatira zachilengedwe zomwe zingakhudze matalikidwe ndi gawo kosangalatsa awo biorhythms.

Kaimbidwe za kaperekedwe ka gulu la biosystem ndi pafupipafupi

Kaimbidwe ali anagawa ndi mlingo wa bungwe la biosystem makamaka. Iwo agawidwa mu biosphere, anthu, chamoyo, limba ndi selo.

Malinga pafupipafupi awo ali:

• kaimbidwe mkulu pafupipafupi (ku nusu ya wachiwiri kwa mphindi 30);
• sing'anga (kwa mphindi 30 maola 28);
• mezoritmami (kwa masiku maola 28 7);
• makroritmami (kwa masiku 20 kwa chaka chimodzi);
• megaritmami (periodicity - zaka khumi).

Nature biorhythms

A chamoyo wamoyo, malinga ndi ganizo loperekedwa ambiri zimadalira oscillatory dongosolo, yodziwika ndi ya kayimbidwe internally chikugwirizana. M'zinthu kagayidwe (kagayidwe ndi catabolism) maselo a mosalekeza zimachitika. Izi maofesi a zochita zosiyanasiyana amuzolengedwa - kaphatikizidwe ndi pogawanikana pamawere wothandizira. Maselo monga Motero, malinga ndi m'zinthu kagayidwe kachakudya mosalekeza kusintha kumachitika woipa zinthu zosiyanasiyana (kagayidwe kachakudya malonda, michere ndi masanjidwewo kutengerapo RNA, etc.) nawo zochita amuzolengedwa. Magawo Biosystems chilengedwe mkati chifukwa zochita kupanga mosalekeza oscillation, chichokereni ku mfundo ndi wankhanza.

Mu zamoyo, ndi masensa kuti kudziwa chikhalidwe ndi mlingo wa njira kagayidwe kachakudya, ndi mahomoni ndi modulators allosteric akuthandiza rhythmicity mu zamoyo. Izi iwo mosalekeza kuyan'ana mkhalidwe wa thupi. Ndipo amamuchititsa kukhala mosalekeza (homeostasis) mkati chilengedwe -. PH, kutentha, osmotic kuthamanga, chibalo zinthu etc. njira ambiri nawo ntchito yokonza homeostasis. Nyumbazi zimamangidwa makamaka pa mfundo za maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, owonjezera shuga m'magazi akuyamba kasungidwe limagwirira wa nkhaniyi (mu mawonekedwe a glycogen). M'malo mwake, wopanda kumabweretsa kuchuluka glycogen kusokonezeka.

Poti izi zikhoza kutheka lotsatira. Mu zamoyo, palibe ndondomeko ndi mosalekeza. Iwo ayenera Njira oppositely lotsogozedwa ndi: .. A mpumulo ntchito, mpweya mpweya, kaphatikizidwe akuwaza anadzuka kugona chikhalidwe, etc. wa zamoyo, motero, sangakhale malo amodzi. Iwo amakhala ndi liwu monga mungoli. Kuona ngati chuma cha chamoyo wamoyo akhoza kupangidwa ngakhale mwa kuziona yosavuta. Mukhoza kuona kuti ena (makamaka zonse) mphamvu zake ndi magawo thupi nthawi zonse mu malo kuchita kusinthasintha mu matalikidwe ndi pafupipafupi wachibale ndi mfundo pafupifupi.

kusinthasintha koteroko ndi kukhala biorhythms. Mothandizidwa ndi zamoyo izi wokhazikika ake thermodynamic ya boma. Bwinobwino azolowere chilengedwe, ndi kayendedwe ka kusintha cyclical. Tanthawuzo la zodabwitsazi, ife talitchula kale m'nkhani ino.

The wotchi mkati

powerengetsera kunja kulibe kuti synchronize dongosolo ndi digiri yapamwamba ya conjugation onse a subsystems ake. Mu chitukuko cha titadziwa ntchito pulogalamu inalamula thupi pa nthawi akasintha, kulola kuti azolowere mbiri zosatha chilengedwe. chamoyo ichi amatha 'kulosera za "nthawi ya tsiku. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti amagwiritsa mu effectors pasadakhale osiyanasiyana omwe m'gulu ayankhe yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, thupi kutentha, ndipo zili corticosteroids mu plasma tulo yachibadwa ayamba kale kutsekedwa ake adzauka. Choncho, kudzutsidwa zambiri amapezeka pamaso kuwala madzulowo.

Nazi zitsanzo zina za mungoli. Only zamoyo anthu kupulumuka mu ndondomeko ya kusankha zachilengedwe, zomwe amatha osati kuti angomva mu zosiyanasiyana zakutchire za kusintha, komanso kusintha kugunda kwa Phokoso kunja mungoli makina ake. Mwachitsanzo, nyama ina kaimbidwe wa maso ndi tulo, kotero kuti amathandiza kuonetsetsa zinthu zabwino kwa kupanga chakudya. Mu chikhalidwe, dongosolo ubereki (nthawi ya chonde ndi osabereka) amadziwikanso ndinazolowera momwe zachilengedwe ziriri kuti ndi ambiri mulingo woyenera kukula ana. mbalame zambiri kuuluka kum'mwera kugwa. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha kusonyeza mungoli. Biology amadziwa zitsanzo zina zambiri. Choncho, zimabisala nyama zina. Zimawathandiza kupulumuka, ngakhale kuti kunja mmene chilengedwe yozizira.

biorhythms tsiku

Circadian rhythmicity mu zamoyo - ndichiyani? Dziwani izi. Ndi tsiku (circadian) biorhythms monga zochitika amenewa ndi kusintha chikhalidwe ndi mphamvu zako zamoyo zimene kubwerezabwereza pafupipafupi ndi 24 ± 4 maola. Ambiri mwa njira thupi ndi amuzolengedwa wa kagayidwe, kayendedwe, chitukuko, kukula, umamumvera kaimbidwe awa, amene amayamba ndi circadian (tsiku) kayendedwe ka malo akunja. Nayenso, chikugwirizana ndi kasinthasintha za olamulira dziko lapansi. Zitsanzo za ndondomeko amenewa ndi: kagayidwe kachakudya kugunda, kusinthasintha mu kutentha thupi, pafupipafupi magawano selo. Pakuti onsewo yodziwika ndi kayimbidwe kotani tsiku.

Biology - sayansi kuti amaphunzira osati nyama komanso zomera. Otsiriza, makamaka, anawona usiku masamba m'zinthu rhythmic wa kutsitsa ndi kutsekera kwa maluwa. Masana iwo anafotokoza. Kaimbidwe asungidwa ngakhale pamene palibe dzuwa. Izi linatsimikizidwa ndi kuyesa wake SE Shnol, Russian biophysicist. Anawatchula chitsanzo meya nyemba. masamba ake ananyamuka anagwa m'mawa ndi madzulo, ngakhale mbewu mu chipinda mdima. Zinaoneka ngati kuti nthawi ndi mkati thupi wotchi kufotokoza izo.

Zomera ambiri chimatanthauza nthawi ya tsiku pa kusintha kwa mawonekedwe wina ndi mzake pamene kusintha makhalidwe pigment phytochrome dzuwa (kawalidwe kapangidwe kake). Mwachitsanzo, dzuwa litalowa ndi wofiira chifukwa kuwala kofiira ali timaganiza yaitali ndi ang'onoang'ono kuposa buluu, ndipo zidzabalalika. Madzulo kapena dzuwa litalowa kuyatsa kwambiri cheza ofiira ndi infuraredi. Izi ndazindikira zomera, kusonyeza kayendedwe tsiku.

Biology - sayansi, imene tsiku chapeza zambiri kuona nyama zosiyanasiyana. Iwo wapezeka makamaka kuti interleaving nthawi zina ntchito ya nyama (usana ndi usiku) imanenanso kuti kaimbidwe circadian. Pakuti iwo ndi yofunika mtima wa nthawi ndi malire koma wachibale. Iwo ayenera kudziwa pamene dzuwa adzayamba kukhala monga zolengedwa masana foraging ntchito kuwala kwa usana ndi usiku - mdima.

Pano pali chitsanzo - kuyang'ana pa kayendedwe tsiku okhala pa Atlantic nkhanu gombe fiddler. Chingasinthe mtundu wake, kusonyeza kayendedwe tsiku. Biology - sayansi kuti, monga ena, kuzindikira dongosolo. Pakuti nkhanu amasintha mtundu wake? Dziwani izi.

Nkhanu m'mawa, kuunika, koma pamene dzuwa limatuluka apamwamba mu mlengalenga, amakhala akuda. Masewero zodzitetezera pigment amateteza zosangalatsa ndiponso zabwino nkhanu kwa dzuwa. Ngati izi ndi otsika mafunde, ndiye ndi bwino kukhala ndi mtundu mdima pa mchenga m'mphepete mwa nyanja padera. Ndipo pali kukafunafuna chakudya anatumiza kwa nkhanu lapansi.

Daily kaimbidwe anthu

Padziko 300 Ntchito thupi kuti ndi kaimbidwe circadian anati mu thupi la munthu. Thupi, potengera dongosolo anthu circadian ndi yayikulu pa maola 18-19, kupuma mlingo - maola 13-16, kugunda kwa mtima - maola 15-16, mlingo magazi a erythrocytes - maola 11-12 leukocytes - 21 maola -23 ndipo T. d.

njira Mental ali inapita patsogolo ndi mochedwa madzulo m'mawa. Kwa kaimbidwe ntchito maganizo ndi thupi, nayenso bwanji maso ndi kugona likusuntha, mpumulo ndi ntchito. Zimadalira zinthu zambiri pa maso Mwachangu magawo pamapindikira: mlingo wa chilimbikitso, kudya chakudya, zinthu onse, monga umunthu, etc ...

Mawu akuti "desynchronosis" kutanthauza chisokonezo ndi kwachilengedwenso dongosolo nthawi kulamula kaimbidwe. Kuphunzira njira zake ndi zofunika kwambiri mu gulu la ntchito ndi ena ogwira ntchito, pochita miyeso zosiyanasiyana njira umalimbana kuteteza matenda. Desinhroz makamaka anamuona pa anthu amene anapanga ndege mtunda wautali (mu 4-5 nthawi mabacteria), ndi kusintha akafuna ntchito tsiku ndi usiku, ndi chombo mu ntchito malo ndege.

biorhythms mwezi

Tsirkalunarnye (mwezi) biorhythms - kaimbidwe amene nthawi ndi avareji ya masiku 29,53. Izi kaimbidwe mu zamoyo zogwirizana ndi mwezi miyezi adzizungulira, mwachitsanzo vuto la magawo mwezi.

njira zambiri geophysical bwanji pafupipafupi kasinthasintha wa mwezi padziko lapansili. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha chiwalitsiro usiku, kutentha, mpweya, ndi maginito ya Dziko Lapansi, mphepo malangizo. Zonse zochitika izi kaimbidwe tsirkalunarnyh ndi anatchulapo zosakhalitsa.

Mu zamoyo m'madzi zimapezeka zitsanzo yochititsa chidwi kwambiri mmene kaimbidwe izi zimakhudza njira moyo. Mwachitsanzo, nyongolotsi m'madzi Palolo okhala padziko moti matanthwe, mu October ndi November, chomaliza masiku khumi mkombero yosiyanasiyana, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo nthawi inayake ya tsiku, madzi alekanitsa mu msana wake, wodzala ndi mankhwala a ziwalo zoberekera. M'pofunika kubereka ana.

m'zinthu mwezi ndi chonde insemination nthawi kungakhale osati synodic (monga chitsanzo yapita). Palinso sigisic pa imeneyi ya masiku 14,7. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wina wa nsomba pa gombe la Gulf of California, mwezi ndi mwezi (pa mafunde mkulu) kutchera mazira pa gombe. Akufotokozera pasanathe masiku 14 pa gombe ndi madzi kugwa ndi mafunde lotsatira.

Mweziwo, monga takambirana kale, amachititsa kusiyana zounikira usiku. Izi zipangitsa kuti ntchito za nyama, zimene zimachititsa madzulo kapena usiku Kusintha. Ngakhale ngati ife kukusalani zotsatira za madzulo zasayansi, pafupipafupi tsirkalunarnyh njira anakhalabe. Izo zikhoza kukhala chifukwa zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi kuzungulira mwezi. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kusinthasintha mu mphamvu ya maginito a lathuli.

Kayendedwe ka mwezi nawonso amakhudza kukula kwa zomera. Izi zikhoza momwe chitsanzo cha kusinthasintha radish zokolola, mbatata ndi nyemba. Kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi kalendala mwezi ntchito kudziwa nthawi mulingo woyenera kuti ntchito za ulimi ndi kubzala.

biorhythms pachaka

Circannual (pachaka) biorhythms mu zamoyo ndi oscillation nthawi ndi 1 chaka ± 2 miyezi. Iwo ali oyanjana ndi kasinthasintha wa Sun padziko lathuli.

kaimbidwe awa anati mu zamoyo zonse, kuchokera kotentha ku dera kumalo ozizira. Mphamvu ya kumawathandiza monga kuwonjezeka kumpoto. Mungoli kusanthula analola ofufuza za kunena kuti majeremusi okhala kumalo ozizira ndi kotentha zone, imene ambiri noticeable kusiyana nyengo, ndi kudzaonekera kwambiri. Pachaka maziko biorhythms akupanga, choyamba, zochita dziphunzitsiranso zikuchitika poyankha kusintha magawo zofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe (mode madzi, kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe zikuchokera chakudya, kutentha).

Kachiwiri, amamvetsera thupi zinthu zachilengedwe chizindikiro (mwachitsanzo, kusintha mu geomagnetic m'munda kwambiri, photoperiod zimenezi, ena zigawo mankhwala). Zimachitika pachaka biorhythm chitsanzo nomading zochitika za kusamuka, chilimwe ndi chisanu dormancy, njira zoberekera, ndi zina zotero. D.

Ambiri nyama hibernation amathandiza kuti apulumuke nthawi zovuta. N'zosadabwitsa molondola kudziwa nyama nthawi yake. Chimbalangondo Mwachitsanzo, mu malo obisalamo ake nthawi zonse woyenera madzulo kunagwa chipale chofewa ndi. Ndipo iye anali akugona pambuyo pake mpaka April, mpaka kutentha 12 ° C (ie, miyezi 5.5). Panthawi imeneyi, zinakhalapo likuvutika mafuta anapeza mu kugwa. katundu wake ndi pafupifupi magawo atatu a thupi la nyama. kunyamula thupi kutentha akagona yafupika ndi pafupifupi 10 ° C, 3-pindani ndichepe pafupipafupi ake kupuma. Izi zimathandiza kusunga chuma yofunika atasunga nyengo ofunda. Ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha thupi kayendedwe ka chimbalangondo. Ngati inu kuswa mungoli, ndi nyama sapereka mu khola pazifukwa zina kapena mwadzidzidzi anadzuka pakati yozizira, pafupifupi watembereredwa. The ndodo polumikiza adzakhala amphamvu kwambiri kwa majeremusi ambiri omwe zofooketsa thupi, akuvutika ndi njala, ayamba kutchuka.

Zitsanzo zambiri za mungoli akhala m'nkhani ino. Amatsimikizira kuti ndi chodabwitsa konsekonse mu dziko nyama. Biorhythms Komanso ndi kutithandiza kuona kuti kuli zamoyo. Mfundo mungoli amapezeka paliponse wa gulu la machitidwe kwachilengedwenso. Ali atengere thupi uziyenda bwino chilengedwe.

chinthu

Choncho, takambirana kayendedwe mu zamoyo, kodi izo, tsopano inu mukudziwa. Komabe, ndife chidwi lingaliro chimapezeka osati sayansi. Makamaka, chuma anapeza kuti zimawonedwa mu gawo mafakitale. Kukhala anapanga zinthu zimenezi, iwo anayambitsa maganizo "mungoli chinthu." Iye nthawizonse amayesetsa kukhala ogwirizana. Childs, kayendedwe chinthu anatsimikiza patsiku, masiku khumi, mwezi umodzi, etc. Ndi kuti tinganene, makamaka, mlingo wa ntchito yopanga ntchito nthawi. Kwakukulu mlingo wa mungoli, kupanga mkombero ndi lolemererapo ndi chuma chuma (makamaka ntchito nthawi) yaikulu rationally.