Ndi Mipikisano zosinthika chitukuko umoyo wa anthu? ndi mitundu ya makampani Kodi

Today ife kulankhula za chimene Mipikisano zosinthika wa Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe. Kuukira ndi kusintha - chinthu choyamba tili kukumana. Ena!

kusintha

Choyamba, tiyeni tinene kuti Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe Mipikisano zosinthika - ndi njira zonse zomwe mabungwe osiyana kukhala. Si chinsinsi kuti chitukuko cha anthu sangakhale liniya, chifukwa muli okwanira magulu osiyana, zomwe ndi zosiyana kwambiri kwa wina ndi mzake. Nature wa Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe akhoza kutenga njira ziwiri zofunika: zitani ndipo zisinthe. Tiyeni tione poyamba.

Ndiye kodi kusintha? Kuyambira mawu Latin likumasuliridwa kuti "kutembenuza". Kusintha - njira ya zinthu zisinthe, amene akuyendera pang'onopang'ono, mwa zonse kusintha zinthu payekha. Mbali khalidwe ndi kuti iwo sakutsutsana ndi malamulo zofunika. Zosintha zinthu m'mbuyo ndi regressive. Mwatsoka, izo limaneneratu zovuta. Mwachionekere, mtundu woyamba wa kusintha kumadzetsa phindu onse tsopano kapena mtsogolo (mwachitsanzo, kukonza lalikulu la Alexander II), ndipo chachiwiri - zoipa (mwachitsanzo, potsimikizira-kusintha kwa Alexander III). Iwo anazindikira kuti kusintha mwapang'onopang'ono kulola anthu kupanga sitepe patsogolo chitukuko, ndi regressive kapena reactionary anthu kubwerera ku siteji yapita chitukuko.

lathu ya kusintha

Pali malo zitatu zikuluzikulu zimene kusintha zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumene, iwo tingaone zambiri, koma zikuluzikulu - kokha awa atatu: ndale, chuma ndi chikhalidwe. Woyamba lolunjika pa ena kusinthika mu moyo ndale (kusintha malamulo, mchaka, wamakono wa dongosolo masankho, ndipo zina zotero. D.). Yotsirizira Cholinga chake ndi kusintha kwa mbali zachuma, ndiye chilichonse chokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka chuma (malamulo ambiri odana ndi kusakhulupilika, ntchito excise, ntchito payekha, ndi zina zotero. D.). kusintha zinthu zina umalimbana anthu yokha. Iwo akhoza kusintha kapena zinthu zikhale zovuta kwa anthu (kusintha zaka zopuma pantchito, zotchinjiriza moyo, makonzedwe a ntchito ndi zina zotero. D.).

Kusintha idzachitika m'madera onse a anthu, chifukwa palibe mfundo izo sizikanakhala zimasintha. Iwo akhoza kukhala wokondwa zochepa, ndipo akhoza kukokera mu kusintha dongosolo chikhalidwe kapena kusintha mphamvu: kusintha kwa Peter Ine, kusintha kwa 90 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo mu Russia, ndi zina zotero ..

Kukwera

Multivariance Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe - izo si kusintha, koma zisinthe. Kuyambira mawu Latin kuti anamasuliridwa kuti "zokhumba a." Tikhoza kunena kuti zisinthe - ndi ndondomeko zosiyana kusintha lapansi. Iye anaganiza ndi Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe kusintha ambiri kapena mmalo osiyanasiyana, amene zimatheka ndi kanthu. Nthawi zambiri izi coups ndi zolakwa amene ali ndi mavuto nthawi yaitali. Kukwera kungakhale yaitali yochepa. Zoyambazo ukhoza nthawi yayitali: Mwachitsanzo, Neolithic utasintha. Wachiwiri kwa chaka chatha.

Luso ndi wamakono

Multivariance Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe N'zosatheka luso. Panopa mfundo monga zisinthe kapena kusintha, ndi kuimirira ndi mawu akuti "luso". Ndi chiyani icho? Izi ang'onoang'ono disposable kusintha zomwe maximizes chinachake kuchepetsa zinthu anakhazikitsa. Komanso, inu mukhoza zambiri kupeza chinthu monga "wamakono". Akatswiri n'zogwirizana nkhani za chitukuko cha m'madera ndi akuti, chifukwa m'pamene a kusinthika kuchokera ku chinachake mwambo kuti atsopano kukhala ndi changwiro. Pali ziphunzitso ziwiri za moyo wamakono:

• Chachikulu, ozikidwa pa mtundu wa chitukuko cha bizinesi Western.
• Yachiwiri, kutanthauza m'malo Pawokha ndi wapadera kumayambiriro yachizungu. Nthawi zina chiphunzitso ichi chotchedwa chiphunzitso cha ngongole mwachindunji kapena azungu.

Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe Multivariance: kufanizitsa wa magulu

Nthawi zambiri, gulu ali m'magulu malinga ndi muyezo zinayi: kulemba, chiwerengero cha milingo kasamalidwe, mlingo wa chitukuko, makhalidwe formational. Malinga ndi muyezo woyamba kumasulidwa olembedwa ndi mitundu ya magulu preliterate. Pa lachiwiri (chiwerengero cha zigawo za kasamalidwe, zosiyanasiyana za anthu) - chosavuta (imene palibe kusiyana pakati pa anthu wamba ndi boma, pakati pa olemera ndi osauka) ndi zovuta (Mipikisano gawo dongosolo kulamulira, pali stratification wa anthu) magulu. Mlingo wa chitukuko cha aliyense wa iwo akhoza kukulitsa osauka kapena underdeveloped. Formational chizindikiro anthu m'gulu motere:

• Azikhala Mofanana anthu, zomwe zikuphatikizapo wosazindikira ammudzi ndi anthu chikominisi.
• Maphunziro anthu, womwenso kapolo, ang'onoang'ono ndi m'madera capitalist.

Mapangidwe njira Marx

Kodi kukhala Mipikisano zosinthika chitukuko chikhalidwe? Ndichiyani - ife tikudziwa kale, koma kuyankha funso zimene zingakhale zotheka mothandizidwa ndi njira yapadera. Iwo alipo angapo, koma tikambirana awiri - civilizational ndi formational. The yachiwiriyi anayamba Karlom Marksom ndi Fridrihom Engelsom.

Lingaliro zikuluzikulu angalankhulire - ndi umoyo ndi zachuma dongosolo. Kulonga n'cigwagwa, likukhalira kuti ndi zofanana ndi za anthu - mtundu, umene uli pa siteji zina za chitukuko ndi Timaona umodzi wa ulimi ake ndi magulu a zachuma amene amafunika kukhala pokha-ndi zomwe. Ndi mfundo kapena kukhulupirira dongosolo chibadidwe lonse la anthu, ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika youmba maganizo a anthu, ndipo zogwirizana ndi postulates zachuma. Ziyenera kupereka maziko amene akuimira dongosolo makamaka zachuma, zomwe zimadalira pa nkhani amene kulowa asapita zachuma.

Chiphunzitso Marx wa malo ofunika wotanganidwa ndi mphamvu lapansi - anthu ndi njira za ulimi, umene ndi chidziwitso bwino kapena luso. superstructure The amusankha malingana n'chiyani anasankhidwa. Yotsirizira amasonyeza maziko a mapangidwe, ndi kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto la anthu ndiwe wa mtundu makamaka.

njira civilizational

ndi Mipikisano zosinthika chitukuko umoyo wa anthu? tanthauzo uwu mu njira civilizational ali chiwerengero kusiyana kwa woyamba wa njira yotsatirayi:

• Chinthu kuphunzira - mtundu wa nkhani zachuma, anthu ndi anthu, amene akufotokozera malingana ndi zosowa zawo ndi zinthu.
• Munthu anawona osati pofuna ndalama zipatso, komanso ngati munthu ndi makhalidwe abwino, chikumbumtima ndi chikhalidwe mfundo zawo.
• kumabungwe osiyanasiyana anthu ofanana (ndale, chikhalidwe, malamulo, zachuma). vuto la zachuma alibe kumathandiza lalikulu.

Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe Multivariance: mitundu ya mabungwe

Pali mitundu zitatu makampani:

1. Traditional, imene chinthu chachikulu cha ulimi - m'dziko. Lokha walangizidwa chakudya, ndipo imagwiridwa ndi ntchito yamanja wa munthu. Agriculture anthu oterowo ndi pafupifupi 80%. Munthu akukhala zaka 40-50. mbali khalidwe: anatseka boma likuyendetsera, palibe kukhudzana ndi maiko ena otsika chikhalidwe kuyenda.
2. Industrial, imene pa makampani malo oyamba ndi kudzikundikira likulu. Society amakhala ankalamulira, ndipo anakhazikitsa kugona ndi mayiko ena, akulengeza za lamulo.
3. Post-mafakitale, zomwe ndi mtengo wa chidziwitso ndi ntchito. Kwambiri kumawonjezera mlingo wa zokha ntchito, kuchuluka moyo amayembekezeka (zaka 70). Kampani ukulamulidwa, pali zipani zandale, demokalase kusiyana.

Monga tikuonera, Mipikisano zosinthika kufika kwa Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe (mitundu makampani ife tayang'ananso pamwamba) ali zambiri zosiyana. Si mayiko onse lero asamukira ku mtundu pambuyo mafakitale. Kodi boma otsala pa siteji mafakitale? Pangani dongosolo. Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe Multivariance adzatola chitukuko kofunika njira kwa zaka kubwera kuti asamukire ku mtundu postindustrial.