Ndi nthaka zosiyanasiyana zimene

Ngati mudzapempha mlimi, kutsatira mfundo za ulimi organic, kodi dothi losiyanasiyana, izo mosakayikira kuyankha funso ili ndi chidziwitso cha nkhaniyo. Kumvetsa, kapena bwino za kusiyana m'nthaka - maziko a zokolola zake zabwino yake (kuwerenga - anzeru) kufika kwa kuwonjezeka chonde ndipo pamapeto pake thanzi ndi moyo wa banja lonse. Kumene, ndi umisiri wamakono agribusiness mfundo "mitundu nthaka" mu m'mphepete kuiwala kufunika kwake: njira mafakitale zomera kukula zachokera feteleza, kukula ogalamutsa ndi zina thandizo "zasayansi".

Ndithu mfundo zosangalatsa: ngakhale kufunika kwa dziko lapansi chifukwa cha munthu, mpaka palibe umodzi padziko lonse muyezo uliwonse mitundu dziko nthaka kumasulira njira zawo. Kumene kuyesa kulenga mfundo anali - ndi "gulu la FAO" ndi atsopano "umboni Nawonso achichepere chuma nthaka", koma kwathunthu nkhani sichinayambe mwake. Mwachitsanzo, tingathe kukumbukira dongosolo SI: ngati dziko, chilengedwe, koma m'mayiko ambiri ntchito mtunda, mapazi, etc. Mu kuphunzira mitundu nthaka Russia, n'zotheka kuzindikira kuti mpaka tsopano ambiri ntchito chakale gulu la Soviet Union, ngakhale mu 1977. chaka cha buku. anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti zachokera ntchito za Dokuchaev Nthaka Science Institute 1967. Zonsezi ngakhale kuti chiwalitsiro cha 2004 linatulutsa kusinthidwa kope ukasintha "gulu latsopano".

Mtundu mitundu ya dothi, m'pofunika kumvetsa kusiyana mawu akuti "mitundu" ndi "mtundu". Choncho, mtundu nthaka ndi gulu wagawo kusonyeza kusiyana mwamphamvu ndi mphamvu zako nthaka ankaona malo, ndilo maziko a mtundu zambiri ambiri mayunitsi kuti, mtundu ndi subtype. Otsiriza, nayenso, ndi generalization unit wa gulu, amene amasankha kuchuluka kwa katundu, zochokera peculiarities njira mapangidwe nthaka ndi modes. Komanso amaganizira M'maso chibadwa.

Choncho, pali mitundu zotsatirazi nthaka:

- Peatlands. chonde kwambiri. Mbali yapadera monga kuthekera mlingo subsidence ndi waterlogging pang'onopang'ono. Zomwe zili Asilamu otchedwa a Moor, monga ulamuliro, kupereka anachita asidi, choncho m'pofunika kuganizira ndi kufunafuna kukonzanso bwino pakati acid ndi zamchere. Mwachitsanzo, pamene madera aang'onoang'ono n'zotheka kuwonjezera mandimu kapena phulusa.

- Solontsy. Dzina lokha zikusonyeza kuti dothi awa ali olemera mu mchere (chakudya chomwecho, NaCl). Pamene chisanu chimasungunula kusunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo pambuyo atayanika kukhala mphamvu kwambiri. No kukonzekera n'kovuta kupeza zokolola. Kawirikawiri M'chaka choyamba kupanga gypsum kapena laimu, ndipo chachiwiri - feteleza (manyowa).

- Sand. Chifukwa okhutira mkulu wa mchenga nthaka ngati sakonda lofotokozabe chinyezi ndipo si abwino mapangidwe humus wosanjikiza. Humus anawonjezera (imodzi 10-lita Chidebe pa mita lalikulu) ndi zina - particles dothi kumanga.

- Clay. Iwo amasonkhana chinyezi, kuteteza kukula zachilendo zomera. Kawirikawiri mabodza. Kuchepetsa kachulukidwe powonjezera manyowa, zimene asidi kuwaika "siuzimitsidwa" laimu. Pamene yophukira kukumba mabedi kusiya lalikulu.

Waukulu mitundu nthaka ndi kuperekedwa mndandanda mwachilungamo yaikulu. Izi zikuphatikizapo wakuda nthaka, dothi nkhalango, dambo, tchire, mchenga, zofiirira, imvi, etc. Pali wowerengeka njira yophweka kudziwa mtundu :. kuchitapo ochepa lapansi yonyowa (pasakhale dothi, palibe kutaikira cha dryness), mpukutu mitengo, ndi kuyesa kuphatikiza m'mphepete "mu donati lapansi." Ine falitsani, koma kugwa popanda - dothi mchenga. No amalowetsa - chogwidwa ndi mchenga. Osokoneza "bagel" - zikutanthauza loam. Zonse mwangwiro adagulung'undisa ndi kulumikizana - nthaka dongo. Apanso ine kuyandikira tcheru chanu kuti chochitika ichi chiyenera kuchitidwa pa zili akadakwanitsira chinyezi.