Khromozomu. Non-magazi ndi magazi DNA.

DNA - ndi zinthu structural ndi zinchito za maselo a anthu okhala chibadwa. Selo unit wa nambala deta wokhoza utoto pa nthawi ya kugawikana selo. DNA ndi zooneka ndodo, chingwe, zingwe zopota, etc .. Mwa m'litali, zinthu izi ali osokonezeka. Iwo zigwirizana centromere, ndi mkono waufupi ndi yaitali, sekondale constriction, Kanema, ulusi spindles, chromonemata. Malo gawo la khromozomu monga centromere, chikhudzanso kodi mtundu wa mgwirizano wa mzere selo. Kukachitika kuti gawo ili kumapeto kwa zinthu structural ndi zinchito, ndi ndodo woboola pakati. Kupeza gawo monga centromere pakati pa mmene kuti asakhale ndi vutoli zimatengera mtundu wa ofanana-studs. Ngati mbali zogwirizana ili laterally ku likulu, amafotokozera structural-zinchito amakhala mapewa osiyana pini.

Nthawi zambiri, pali mitundu 4 dongosolo khromozomu. Yoyamba ndi telotsentricheskie structural ndi zinchito zinthu. Chachiwiri - acrocentric (mkono chachiwiri ndi yochepa kwambiri ndi pafupifupi imperceptible). Mtundu wachitatu ndi submetacentric DNA, mawonekedwe a omwe akufanana kalata "L". Potsiriza, wachinayi mtundu - metacentric. DNA wa mtundu uwu ndi otchedwa mapewa, zomwe ndi zofanana kutalika. Komanso ngati zinthu napomminayut kalatayo nthawi yomweyo chizindikiro cha chigonjetso "V".

Tikumbukenso kuti aliyense wa nucleated somatic khungu la munthu lili awiriawiri makumi awiri ndi zitatu DNA, amene liniya. Komanso, pali ambiri Mabaibulo kwa mayitirokondiriyoni DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

M'pofunikanso n'kunena mawu ochepa za kugonana zinthu structural ndi zinchito za maselo a anthu. Iwo Y- ndi X-khromozomu. Woyamba lili pafupifupi 58 m'munsi awiriawiri, 78 amanyamula chibadwa, n'kukhala mtengo mkulu kusintha chifukwa chilengedwe chimene ili. Izi khromozomu kugonana ndi wokhoza opatsirana kudzera dontho la umuna. Nawonso, imvera nambala yaikulu magulu selo zikuchitika pa gametogenesis. Ikani umuna - izo vysokookislitelnaya Lachitatu machende, zolimbikitsa amveke ndondomeko monga mutating. Kuti asakhale ndi vutoli chachiwiri chili pafupifupi 150 miliyoni awiriawiri zapansi nitrogenous. Iwo ali pafupifupi 1400 chibadwa. Amuna ndi X- imodzi ndiponso Y-khromozomu. Akazi ndi losiyana "akonzedwa". Iwo awiri X-DNA. Mmodzi wa iwo amapita kwa mtsikana kuchokera kwa amayi ake, ndipo winayo tinatengera kwa mayi bambo anga, kutanthauza kuti, agogo mbali bambo ake.

Nthawi zambiri pali mafunso zimene DNA amatchedwa magazi ndipo sanali magazi. Yankho ndi ili. Choncho, pali magazi DNA. Izi peyala ya zinthu structural ndi zinchito kuti ali mu chipinda diploid. DNA magazi amasiyana aliyense wa iwo anapita kwa wina ndi kholo ena. zinthu oterowo ofanana nyukiliotayidi akuyambira pa kutalika lonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti DNA magazi ndi chibadwa yemweyo, amene anakonza mu ndondomeko yomweyo. Dziwani kuti kuphunzira nkhani si chidwi, komanso zothandiza kwambiri moyo, chifukwa cha thupi lake bwino kudziwa mmene ndingathere.

Kuyenera ananenanso kuti DNA magazi nthawi zonse yofanana. Mwachitsanzo, iwo akhoza kukhala tselotsentricheskimi, submetacentric, acrocentric, metacentric. DNA Non-magazi ali majini amene ali yosiyana. Komanso, izi amapanga osati conjugated zinthu zinchito pa meiosis. DNA Non-magazi paokha kuchita kaphatikizidwe mchipindamo. Izi anali atatsimikizira pa phunziro la cholowa cha makhalidwe. Komanso, nkhani imeneyi chinapezeka mwa njira mwachindunji cytology.

mudziwe tatchulazi zidzathandiza kuti mfundo zikuluzikulu za DNA ambiri.