Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya nyukiliya: mavuto ndi chiyembekezo

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mphamvu nyukiliya anayamba kuyamika patsogolo sayansi ndi luso osati m'munda usilikali, komanso zolinga mtendere. Today inu simungakhoze kuchita popanda izo mu makampani, mphamvu ndi mankhwala.

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu nyukiliya ali ndi ubwino komanso kuipa. Choyamba, ndi kuopsa poizoni onse anthu ndi chilengedwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya osauka mbali ziwiri: kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi ntchito isotopes nyukiliya.

Poyamba, mphamvu ya zida zoopsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolinga nkhondo, ndi chitukuko onse akupita umenewu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya nyukiliya usilikali

A ambiri zipangizo kwambiri yogwira ntchito yopanga zida za nyukiliya. Akatswiri amanena zokwana nyukiliya muli matani angapo nyukiliyazo basi.

zida amaonedwa kukhala zida zoopsa, chifukwa amabala chiwonongeko cha madera akuluakulu.

The utali wozungulira kanthu ndi kuyang'anira mphamvu ya zida za nyukiliya ogaŵikana:

• Mwatsatanetsatane.
• Sikuyenda ndi mwatsatanetsatane.
• Strategic.

zida anawagawa atomiki ndi wa hydrogen. zida zochokera nyukiliya unguided kuika katundu unyolo fission a mtima ndi mmene a maphatikizidwe. Pakuti unyolo anachita ntchito ureniamu kapena nyukiliyazo basi.

Kusunga ndalama lalikulu la woopsawo zipangizo - ichi ndi kuopseza chachikulu anthu. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya zolinga asilikali ndi zotsatira zoipa kwambiri.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba nyukiliya amene anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1945 kuukira mizinda Japanese wa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki. Zotsatira za kuukira akhala zoopsa. Monga mukudziwa, uwu unali ntchito loyamba ndi lomaliza la mphamvu za nyukiliya ku nkhondo.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

IAEA unakhazikitsidwa mu 1957 kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa maiko awiri m'munda wa mphamvu nyukiliya zolinga mtendere. Kuyambira pachiyambi, bungwe ndi kukhazikitsa pulogalamu pa "chitetezo nyukiliya ndi zoteteza chilengedwe."

Koma ntchito yofunika kwambiri - izo kulamulira pa zinthu za dziko m'munda nyukiliya. bungwe adzakhala kuonetsetsa kuti chitukuko komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya zolinga mtendere yekha.

Cholinga cha pulogalamu imeneyi - kuonetsetsa ntchito otetezeka mphamvu nyukiliya chitetezo cheza anthu ndi chilengedwe kukhudzana. bungwe The ankachita nawo kuphunzira zotsatira za ngozi Chernobyl.

bungwe The umalimbikitsa kafukufuku, chitukuko ndi ntchito mphamvu nyukiliya zolinga mtendere ndi kumachita monga mkhalapakati mu nzeru ntchito zipangizo pakati pa mamembala a bungwe la.

Pamodzi ndi United Nations IAEA imalongosola ndi miyezo m'munda wa chitetezo ndi umoyo.

mphamvu nyukiliya

Mu theka lachiwiri la makumi anai zaka mazana makumi awiri, asayansi Union anayamba kukhala drafts choyamba ntchito abata maatomu. Chamene cha zimenezi zinali magetsi.

Ndipo mu 1954, boma la Soviet Union anamanga woyamba nyukiliya magetsi m'dziko. Pambuyo kukula mofulumira mapulogalamu mphamvu za nyukiliya ayamba kukhala mu United States, Great Britain, Germany ndi France. Koma ambiri a iwo sanali akuyendera. Mwamwayi, zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya sanathe kupikisana ndi malo amene angathamange malasha, gasi, mafuta mafuta.

Koma pambuyo inayamba mavuto mphamvu padziko lonse ndi kuwuka mu mtengo wa mafuta pa kufunika mphamvu nyukiliya unakula. Mu 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti mphamvu ya zomera zonse mphamvu za nyukiliya adzatha m'malo theka.

Cha m'ma 80s kukula kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya ali mochedwa kachiwiri, zoyipa anayamba kuonanso mapulani kumangira zomera watsopano mphamvu za nyukiliya. Iwo analimbikitsa monga lamulo mphamvu zopulumutsa ndi kuchepa kwa mitengo mafuta ndi tsoka pa mbewu Chernobyl, amene anali kukumana ndi mavuto osati kwa Ukraine.

Ndipotu mayiko ena asiya ntchito yomanga ndi ntchito zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya.

mphamvu nyukiliya mishoni danga

Danga kuuluka oposa atatu khumi nyukiliya, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi riyakitala nyukiliya ntchito mu mlengalenga, Achimereka mu 1965. The mafuta ntchito ureniamu-235. Iye anagwirira ntchito masiku 43.

Mu Soviet Union ndi riyakitala "Daisy" unayambitsidwa mu Institute of Atomic Energy. Wake amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa spacecraft ndi injini plasma. Koma pambuyo mayesero onse sizinapezekebe anapezerapo danga.

Kenako nyukiliya mbewu "Buk" amatanthauzabe Rada reconnaissance Kanema. Unit woyamba unayambitsidwa mu 1970 ku Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Lero, "Roskosmos" ndi "Rosatom" kupereka amange m'mlengalenga, omwe akhale okonzeka ndi nyukiliya injini roketi ndipo adzatha kutenga kuti Moon ndi Mars. Koma mpaka izo zonse ziri mu gawo maganizo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya ku makampani

mphamvu za nyukiliya ntchito kuwonjezera tilinazo wa kuwunika mankhwala ndi ulimi wa amoniya, hydrogen ndi mankhwala ena, amene ntchito kupanga feteleza.

Nyukiliya mphamvu, amene ntchito makampani mankhwala limapanga zinthu zatsopano mankhwala, kumathandiza angakwanitse njira zimene zimachitika mu kutumphuka dziko lapansi.

Pakuti desalination wa madzi mchere ndi mphamvu nyukiliya ntchito. The ntchito mu kampani yopanga zitsulo limachititsa kuti achire chitsulo ku zitsulo. Mtundu - ntchito yopanga zitsulo zotayidwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya ku ulimi

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya ku ulimi kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto Kasankhidwe amathandiza polimbana ndi tizirombo.

mphamvu nyukiliya ntchito maonekedwe a masinthidwe mbewu. Izi zachitika kupeza mitundu latsopano zimene zokolola ndi matenda zosagwira mbewu zambiri. Choncho, oposa theka la tirigu chakula Italy kwa kupanga pasta, anali anachokera mwa kusintha.

Komanso ndi thandizo la radioisotopes kudziwa njira zabwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito iwo kudziwa kuti kulima mpunga zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi ntchito asafe feteleza. Izi osati ndalama, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.

A pang'ono ntchito chachilendo mphamvu nyukiliya - ndi kukhudzana tizilombo mphutsi. Izi zachitika kuti awabweretse iwo wochezeka. Pankhaniyi, tizilombo anaonekera kwa mphutsi irradiated mulibe mbewu, koma ngati mwinamwake zabwinobwino.

mankhwala nyukiliya

Medicine amagwiritsa isotopes nyukiliya kupanga matenda zolondola. isotopes Medical ndi lalifupi theka moyo ndipo sachita zikukhuza iliyonse makamaka kwa ena, ndi wodwalayo.

Ntchito ina ya mphamvu za nyukiliya ku mankhwala chatsegulidwa posachedwapa. Izi tomography positron umuna. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti azindikire khansa langoyamba.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya ku zoyendera

Kumayambiriro 50 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, anayesera kuti akonze thanki pa nyukiliya amphamvu. Development inayamba mu United States, koma ntchito yomanga konse akuyendera. Makamaka chifukwa chakuti akasinja awa akhala opanda kuthekera kwa vuto la kutetezedwa adalira.

Mumadziwika Ford wakuchitirani ntchito pa galimoto, womwe ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya. Koma pa Kamangidwe yopanga ngati makina sikuti wapita.

Chinthu ndi kuti unsembe nyukiliya kumafunika danga, ndi galimoto afika ooneka enieni kwambiri. mathanki yaying'ono ndiribe anaonekera wofuna ntchito anatembenuka.

Mwina zoyendera wotchuka amene amayendera mphamvu nyukiliya - ngalawa osiyana zolinga za nkhondo ndi yapachiweniweni:

• Nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa ndi kuchangamutsa.
• Transport zombo.
• Ndege zonyamulira.
• Sitima zankhondo.
• Cruisers.
• Nyukiliya sitima zankhondo.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mphamvu nyukiliya

Today, gawo la mphamvu nyukiliya kupanga mphamvu padziko lonse pafupifupi 17 peresenti. Ngakhale anthu amagwiritsa mafuta okumba pansi, koma nkhokwe zake si wopandamalire.

Choncho, fanizoli, ntchito mafuta nyukiliya. Koma ndondomeko kukonzekera ndi ntchito amagwirizana ndi pangozi yaikulu moyo ndi chilengedwe.

Kumene, mosalekeza kuwongolera nyukiliya, kukhwimitsa chitetezo zonse zotheka, koma nthawi zina izi sikokwanira. Chitsanzo ndi ngozi pa Chernobyl nyukiliya magetsi ndi Fukushima.

Pa dzanja lina, ntchito ayi bwino riyakitala limatulutsa palibe malo dzuwa, pamene mphamvu matenthedwe wa wambirimbiri zinthu zoipa m'mlengalenga.

Kuopsa kwambiri yaikulu mafuta, processing ake ndi kusunga. Chifukwa lero si anatulukira otetezeka kwathunthu kutaya zinyalala nyukiliya.