History sayansi

History - sayansi polimbana ndi kuphunzira zinthu makamaka anthu m'mbuyomu. Izo zimapangitsa izo n'zotheka kudziwa zimene zimayambitsa zinthu zimene zinachitika kale ife, ndipo m'masiku athu. Kugwirizana ndi ambiri amalanga sayansi chikhalidwe.

History sayansi, palibe osakwana zaka 2500. tate wake imatengedwa sikolala Greek ndi mbiri Herodotus. Kale sayansi wowerengeredwa ndipo anaona kuti ndi "Mlangizi wa moyo". Mu Greece wakale, woyang'anira wake wamkazi yekha Clio, chinkhoswe pokweza amuna ndi milungu.

History - uyu si mawu a zimene zinachitika mazana ndi zikwi za zaka zapitazo. Izo siziri ngakhale chabe kuphunzira njira ndi zimene zinachitika m'mbuyomu. Ndipotu, cholinga chake koposa kwambiri. Zilibe anthu ozindikira kuiwala zakale, koma chidziwitso ichi ntchito mu panopa komanso zam'tsogolo. Izi - nkhokwe ya nzeru wakale ndi nzeru za khalidwe la anthu, zochita nkhondo, ndi zina zambiri. Iwalani zakale - zikutanthauza kuiwala chikhalidwe chawo cholowa. zolakwa bwino, zomwe nthawi zowona, siyenera, osati kubwereza iwo mu panopa komanso zam'tsogolo.

Mawu "m'mbiri" likumasuliridwa kuti "kufufuza". Izi ndi tanthauzo loyenera kwambiri, anaitenga ku Greek. History monga sayansi kufufuza chifukwa cha zochitika zimene zinachitika, komanso zotsatira zawo. Koma tanthauzo ichi sangosonyeza akamanena lonse. Tanthauzo chachiwiri akuti akhoza anazindikira kuti "nkhani zomwe zinachitika kale."

History sayansi akukumana nyamuka latsopano mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Makamaka, nzeru zapamwamba Krug potsiriza anatsimikiza malo ake ziphunzitso za kachitidwe. Patapita kanthawi, iye anakonza French woganiza Naville. Iye sayansi m'magulu atatu, imodzi ya limene adatchula - "History"; izo zinkayenera monga zomera, zinyama, zakuthambo, komanso mbiri zawo ngati sayansi ya kale ndi cholowa cha anthu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, gulu ili kakusintha kusintha zinthu zina.

History sayansi ndi simenti, pamafunika umboni zogwirizana iye masiku, dongosolo la zochitika. Komabe, kumagwirizana ndi khalidwe zina zambiri. Mwachibadwa, mbadwo Wotsirizira kunali kuwerenga. Kale m'nthawi awiri anayamba chiphunzitso cha chitukuko cha mayiko ndi anthu amaganizira "chikumbumtima chikhalidwe" ndi zina zochitika zofanana. Mu ziphunzitso tachita padera ndi wotchuka Sigmund Freud. Chifukwa cha maphunziro awa, watsopano akuti - psychohistory. Science, anafotokoza mfundo imeneyi anali kuphunzira kuganiza zochita za anthu akale.

Mbiri kugwirizana ndi mfundo. N'chifukwa chake angathe kutanthauziridwa mu nkani, kupititsidwa patsogolo ndi zhivopisuya zina zochitika ndi mosamala kunyalanyaza ena. Mwatsoka, mu nkhani iyi, mtengo wake onse kusiyiratu.

History sayansi ali ntchito zinayi zikuluzikulu: chidziwitso, maganizo, maphunziro othandiza. Woyamba amapereka ndalama zambiri zokhudza zochitika ndi nyengo. Ntchito worldview kumafuna kutanthauzira zinachitika kale. Akamanena zochitika - kumvetsa cholinga njira zakale, "ziphunzitso za zolakwa za ena" ndipo amapewa zochita zotengera malingaliridwe. ntchito yophunzitsa kumatanthauza mapangidwe wakutemwa, makhalidwe abwino, ndiponso kukhala ndi chikumbumtima ndi ntchito kwa anthu.