Nyquist Lingaliro Lovomerezeka - maziko ongolankhula ya umisiri wamakono mudziwe

zikayenda ochepa kotero kwambiri chitukuko cha umisiri kukambirana ndiponso kudziwitsana, monga Nyquist Lingaliro Lovomerezeka. Mokulira sayansi iyi analemekeza dziko lathu zosachepera ndi SP Queens, kapena AS Popov. N'zotheka kuti Kotelnikov kudziwika kunja Russia kuposa dziko lawo.

kutchuka uyu ali malongosoledwe. Nyquist Lingaliro Lovomerezeka chinadzakhala maziko ongolankhula onse masiku ano zipangizo digito ntchito kulankhulana. Bukuli lili ndi mfundo digitizing chizindikiro kapena fano. Iwo amalenga zinthu kwa mawerengedwe a Mipikisano njira kulankhulana kwa awiri mbendera. Chifukwa Nyquist Lingaliro Lovomerezeka, mukhoza kubwezeretsa phokoso ndi "ovutika" mbendera, kupanga chitetezo chokwanira cha. njira Cryptographic amadziwikanso makamaka chifukwa Lingaliro Lovomerezeka izi. Mwina akhoza kukhala ntchito zina zothandiza.

Mlembi tanthauzo zakuti chitukuko cha wailesi ntchito ongolankhula anabadwa mu 1908 ku Kazan. Bambo ake anali yunivesite, ntchito yokonza wotchuka ndi masamu dzina lake Aleksandr Petrovich Kotelnikov, pamene izo zifika majini, sayansi mu Victor Alexandrovich anali "magazi". Nditamaliza maphunziro ku Moscow Energy Institute, mnyamatayu anapita ku maphunziro kusukulu. Apa ndiye ali ndi chidwi mwa muyezo wake mutu bandiwifi kugwirizana. Mwachidule, iye anali ndi chidwi mmene anthu ambiri ku mbali angathe kuyankhula chimodzimodzi telefoni waya (popanda tsankho kuti kumvana ndi intelligibility).

Mfundo za izo kale, ndipo ngakhale, monga kunapezeka, yolondola kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Nyquist mu 1928 adati ngati ntchito mkombero wa kusiyana chizindikiro chofanana ndi nthawi theka la pafupipafupi apamwamba, ndiye ungakonzedwe.

D = 1 / 2F,

kumene:

D - chovomerezeka nthawi mbendera Mwamsanga;

F- pazipita pafupipafupi ali sipekitiramu chizindikiro.

Nyquist chake ankaganiza kuti telefoni zomvetsera chizindikiro kukhala pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana 3 kHz, n'zotheka strobe pa pafupipafupi nthawi 6000 pa wachiwiri popanda imfa ya mfundo zothandiza.

Amenewa molimba mtima ndiponso mwachilengedwe mfundo kulola olemba mbiri amakono a sayansi ochokera m'mayiko Western m'malo maganizo oti "Nyquist Lingaliro Lovomerezeka" dzina la wolemba. Nyquist Lingaliro Lovomerezeka - kuti dzina Lingaliro Lovomerezeka Nyquist mu mabuku ambiri European ndi American. Komabe, chinthu chimodzi amati, ngakhale ndi wolimba mtima kwambiri ndipo anatsimikizira kuchita zimenezi, ndi chinthu china - kutsimikizira. Lingaliro Lovomerezeka isiyana axioms kapena amanena kuti ndi tanthauzo amafuna umboni.

Apa m'pofunika kupereka msonkho kwa anzathu Western. Patsogolo Nyquist mu umboni wa "Nyquist Lingaliro Lovomerezeka" palibe mikangano.

Popanda mlingo mokwanira mkulu wa chidziwitso cha masamu apamwamba n'zosatheka kumvetsa mmene zokongola anakonza Nyquist Lingaliro Lovomerezeka. umboni, potengera ndi chiyerekezo waveform kuti n'chakuti nambala Kotel'nikova (zake "akufuna" ndi nyemba lalifupi).

maziko chotero ongolankhula nthawi yochepa ya zimachitika chizindikiro zimatipatsa mwayi kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni lero, komanso digitized ndi pansi fano processing, nyimbo ndi zina zambiri zili.