35 Battery, Sebastopol. 35 m'mphepete mwa nyanja batire, Sevastopol - mbiriyakale

Pamene mu 1941 asilikali a ku Germany atalanda dera la Crimea ndi Sevastopol kubwera, iwo ankayembekezera moona "mwansangala". amaikira kumbuyo kwa mzindawo anali chitetezo masiku zoposa 250, usana ndi usiku, ndipo mu July 1942 anagwidwa ndi Aisiraeli, amene ataya pano pafupifupi 300 zikwi a asilikali ake ndi akazembe. Koma zochitika kwambiri zomvetsa chisoni zinachitika m'chigawo cha Cape Chersonese, kumene batire 35, Sevastopol anali. Photos mtunda, opangidwa kuchokera Kanema wa, amasonyeza, pamene mabatire m'mphepete mwa nyanja №30 ndi 35 ndi utali wozungulira kanthu za mfuti zawo.

yomanga

chifukwa chosankha anapangidwa pa Kumangidwa kwa batire bwino-mipanda yolimba kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja Sevastopol, anali chitetezo ndi kulephera kwa mpanda wolimba wa Port Arthur pa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. kusankha kutchinga anapangidwa ndi Mfumu Nicholas II May 21, 1911, limene allocated ndi kuchuluka kwa miliyoni 8. Rubles. Malinga ndi chikonzero cha pazikhala mabatire awiri amphamvu agulidwa ndi owonjezera likungosonyeza lalikulu ku flanks kumpoto ndi kum'mwera.

Yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri inayamba mu 1912. Ndi yogwirizana ndi dzina la injiniya TS. A. Kyui, amenenso anali komanso wotchuka kwambiri wopeka. Iwo anali woyamba anakumba ngalande pansi pa nsanja chidwi, anamanga asilikali ndi malo ena ntchito, koma pomanga anali mawu inayamba zisinthe ndipo wotsatira nkhondo yapachiweniweni kuseri kwa icho.

Yomanga inayambanso yekha mu 1925. Tsopano unachitikira motsogozedwa ndi awiri akatswiri Soviet asilikali - B. K. Sokolova ndi V. V. Vystavkina. Ndi kugwa kwa 1929 potsiriza, achita m'Mphamvu 35 batire m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Sevastopol anachezeredwa ndi nthumwi wopangidwa mwa mamembala a boma la Soviet, lotsogoledwa ndi I. V. Stalin yekha. Ulendo Chifukwa cha kusintha kwambiri m'banja ndi zotchinjiriza moyo wa anthu ogwira kudutsa Black Sea zombo m'munsi.

Kufotokozera batire m'mphepete mwa nyanja nambala 35

Pa gawo la batire anali anayi mfuti 305-millimeter, anakonza awiriawiri mu turrets awiri. ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi posts awiri okonzeka lamulo - waukulu ndi kusunga. Iwo anali m'dera la mamita 300 ndi 450 kuchokera mfuti midadada okha.

Aliyense wa zinthu zimenezi wopangidwa ndi oti muli nazo zida conning nsanja, kuyambira khonde, komanso yoyenda yokha mphamvu ndi kulankhulana wagawo, limene lili pa akuya apansi atatu mobisa. Pamakhala akadali chipinda kumene zipangizo anaikidwa, imene imachitika pa kayendetsedwe mwachindunji kuwombera.

Kumanga, pamene mwadzidzidzi lamulo positi, anali ndi nthambi mbali, mwachindunji mwayi kwa gombe. Iwo anatumikira osati monga kuchoka kumbuyo, komanso kusonyeza ngalande ndi sewerage kachitidwe. Ziri dongosolo lomwelo wakhala zokuzira ndi batire №30, amene anadza kugwira ntchito mu 1933.

emplacements azikhala malo abwino anasankhidwa. Mwachidule, apa kuona Sevastopol lonse (35 batire pa mapu - mu chithunzi pamwambapa). dongosolo Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mfuti za mfuti mu gawo zozungulira, T. E. kugunda chandamale, osati pa nyanja komanso pa dziko. N'chifukwa chake mphamvu zofunika kwambiri chitetezo amunamuna a mzindawo unali 35 m'mphepete mwa nyanja batire. Sevastopol komanso malo ozungulira kuti chipolopolo kunja mfuti kumpoto kwa Bakhchisarai, ndi kumwera - kuti Bajdarsky chipata ndi Simeiz.

Komanso, kunja kwa mzinda wa batire anali okonzeka ndi 5 bunkers zopangidwa analimbitsa simenti. Aliyense wa iwo anali okonzeka ndi mfuti za makina atatu.

chopinga zosayembekezereka

Ndi chiyambi cha Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, chitetezo cha Sevastopol inkakhala ziwiri 12 inchi oti muli nazo zida chetyrehorudiynyh batire №30 ndi 35, dazeni angapo okonzeka chitetezo ndi maudindo zida zankhondo. Patsalanso chinsinsi ngakhale lero, chifukwa German mapu asilikali ndi zikalata iwo amawatcha linga "limakhulupirira Gorky".

Mu masiku oyambirira a nkhondo Soviet asilikali utsogoleri, zinadziwika kuti imodzi mwa zolinga zikuluzikulu za lamulo German adzakhala Sevastopol. Isanayambike magulu ankhondo ndi akupitirizabe umalandira kugombe la nyanja Black ndi October 30, 1941 anaona woyamba mdani kuukira mzinda wa 11 Army pansi General Manstein.

Ngakhale kuti 30-paketi ndinali chapatali ndithu oona ake anapeza ndime yonse ya umisiri German, wopangidwa mwa ambiri akasinja ndi magalimoto, mofulumira kusamukira ku mzinda. Izo zinachitika kuti mayunitsi anamwazikana a asilikali Soviet amene ankalimbikitsa Crimea chilumba, yasiyidwa m'mbuyo, ndipo Sevastopol anali kwathunthu lotseguka kwa mdani.

November 1, pamene dziko la Germany anali kuchita kulumpha otsiriza, naperewera pa makumi ochepa makilomita kwa chandamale, mizati yawo magalimoto oti muli nazo zida anali mwadzidzidzi zipolopolo ndi nkhonya kaja wamphamvu. Ndinadabwa anali kunena kuti, malinga ndi nzeru German m'dera anali pafupifupi palibe asilikali a Red Army.

Kuukira woyamba anali atathamangitsidwa Sevastopol batire №30 molamulidwa ndi A. Alexander ndi Army Maritime asilikali. Ngakhale zomvetsa lolemera, dziko la Germany akadali wotanganidwa ikuyandikira mumzindawo.

Kuukira yachiwiri

A ulendo wachiwiri kuti akanthe mphamvu Nazi anapezerapo pa 17 December. Iye anayamba nawo amphamvu kwambiri yokonza zida zankhondo, kenako kuukira anali watayidwa magulu mdani 5. Koma khama anali pachabe. Iwo anakumana ndi kukana koopsa ndi zokometsera a linga "limakhulupirira Gorky" - 30 ndi 35 a batire la. Sevastopol ndipo nthawi imeneyi anapulumuka.

Kuukira lachitatu

June 7, 1942 pa 5:00 ndine mortars mdani ndi zida zankhondo, mothandizidwa ndi zoponya mabomba mpweya anayamba kuperekerapo kunyanyala zidzasintha pa mzinda. Choncho Manstein unkatchedwa zolawula pa amadzibisa onse.

Pofuna kuthandiza oyenda ndi oti muli nazo zida magalimoto pano unatengedwa yaikulu kudziletsa injini matope "Karl" ndi kuposa kukula kwake n'kupuma howitzer, dzina lake dzina wamkazi "Dora". Koma, ngakhale, asilikali Soviet anayesetsa kukana oopsa kwa mdani ndi atathamangitsidwa kuukira kuukira. 4 Patapita masiku asilikali German anataya pano pafupifupi 20 chikwi. Asilikali Ake.

Inasintha nkhondo kunachitika June 17 - pambuyo kukhala pakati pa batire 30-TH. Popeza anawombera zipolopolo onse, zokometsera, anakakamizika kusamukira ku mizere ya nsanja. Nkhondoyi tinasamukira m'mudzimo. Kumbuyo analibe chakudya kapena madzi, kupatula Germany anayamba ntchito mpweya wa poizoni. June 20-21, nsanja onse anali kuchichepetsa. zokometsera ambiri anafa imfa yoipa, ndipo opulumuka, kuphatikizapo mkulu wa 30 Battery Alexander, anagwidwa ndipo anawonongeka mu Nazi.

Gawo lotsiriza la opaleshoni

Sevastopol chitetezo zinatha. Kuchokera June 24, ndi zotsala za Red Army ndi anthu kupulumuka mumzinda anayamba kupita Cape mu chitsogozo cha №35 batire. kulimbamtima ake odabwitsa komanso kulimba mtima kwa amalinyero ya Black Sea zombo mantha ndi mantha mu mitima ya adani awo. Germany ayamba cholizira lazungulira ndipo ndinayamba kukankhira pambali zokometsera mzinda nyanja. yafika nthawi pamene mthunzi wakhala paliponse.

asilikali Manstein anavutika zomvetsa chachikulu, koma iye anapita tingalimbanirane. Ngakhale kwa mpweya ndi dziko, batire №35 anatsogolera bombardment zonse udindo mdani. Koma June 23 mmodzi wa nsanja ya batire la anawonongedwa ndi kukumenya mwachindunji bomba. Kamodzi zipolopolo kusasanyiwa, asilikali anapitiriza mlandu mitima mfuti ndipo grapeshot.

achoke

Usiku pa June 29, Bungwe ankhondo ndi lamulo la batire chitetezo m'mphepete mwa nyanja №35 anasamukira ku malo ina. Tsiku lotsatira, lipoti ananditumiza Commissar Anthu a yapamadzi kuti agonje kwa Sevastopol ndi yopempha achoke ogwira ntchito onse. July 1 anali zimauluka ndege kutenga pa bolodi dongosolo lawo lamulo, limene kwenikweni manyazi anathawa, kusiya kufa oposa 80 zikwi. Munthu!

Tsiku lomwelo mzindawo m'manja. Mwa dongosolo la General Novikov nsanja anali litaphulitsidwa ndi m'chipinda chapansi ndi zipolopolo. Koma ine ndiyenera kuti masiku ngakhale zoposa 10 wotopa zokometsera kumenyana zochita kumbuyo. Against iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito flamethrowers, mabomba ndi mpweya wa poizoni. Ndewu osati padziko komanso mkati casemates batire.

Chifukwa, ndi lodziwika bwino m'mphepete mwa nyanja batire 35 zotiphimba ndi unachitikira kwa nthawi yaitali mmodzi wa makamu zabwino Wehrmacht zinachititsa kuti kufooka kwambiri a asilikali Nazi ku Stalingrad.

Odzitukumula mfuti German

ya chitetezo cha Sevastopol Nkhani sizikanakhala kwathunthu popanda kutchula chakuti kwa chiwonongeko cha mabatire 30 ndi 35 anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Anazi mfuti lingamutsatire "Carl" ndi "Dora", cholinga ndi kutulutsa kuti "Krupp" mafakitale wa kampani German. Poyamba, anakonza ntchito mu France kwa mzere Maginot za kuwonongeka, koma monga mukudziwa, dziko la nkhondo mphezi, ndi kufunika kuukira mbisoweka palokha.

Chidwi makamaka ndi kukula kwake mfuti "Dora" womwe unali 800 millimeter mfuti likungosonyeza. chimphona kulemedwa tonnes 1.350 ndi projectile kuti izo - makilogalamu 7088. Adaperekedwa kwa Sebastopol mwa njanji mu view chakumene pa mwapadera zolinga izi nsanja. Anasonkhanitsa mfuti zinatengera masiku atatu. Pofuna kubweretsa izo mu chikhalidwe ntchito, ayenera gawo anali 5 Km, wopangidwa mwa njanji wapawiri njanji ndi mtunda pakati pa mayendedwe 6 m. Pofuna kunyamula mfuti, okwana 5 anatenga sitima ongokhala ngolo 106.

Molamulidwa ndi Major-General analamula chida chimphona, panali kwa anthu chikwi, ndi ngati chophimbira kwa zida ntchito battalions zida zankhondo awiri.

The Germany anali ndi chikhulupiriro chonse mkulu ichi zodabwitsa-chida, koma si wolungamitsidwa ndi pang'ono timayembekezera. Wa 48 akatemera imodzi yokha analidi - anawonongedwa ndi mobisa zofikira zipolopolo.

"Dora" anali motsimikizika chozizwitsa cha zida za nkhondo, koma monga ananena za iye m'modzi wa asilikari mkulu wa Hitler Germany Frants Galder, "Ichi ndi mogometsa, koma kunapezeka kuti wopanda ntchito."

owonetsera zakale

Titamaliza wa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, mu 40-60s wa anachitapo kanthu mwa nyanja batire # 723 ili mayenje a mdima wakale, kumene m'mbuyomu munali 35 Battery. Sevastopol nthawi zonse kukumbukira analemekeza chikumbukiro asilikali amene anafera pomwepo.

M'zaka lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma XX chawonjezereka chidwi zochitika akale amunamuna. Mu malo amenewa misonkhano ya anamenyela, komanso zinthu mu zipani zosiyanasiyana kufufuza. Anakhala pagulu ndi masamba ena sankadziwika yodzitetezera mzindawo, ndiponso udindo unachita mu 35 batire. Sevastopol, amene mbiri amabwerera zaka zoposa ziwiri, wolemera mu ntchito amunamuna. Ndipo April 26, 2006 Council City kenako ndinaganiza kukhazikitsa pa dera la lodziwika bwino batire m'mphepete mwa nyanja mbiri-chikumbutso zovuta anamangidwa mu ulemu wa zokometsera ngwazi-mzinda.

"35 batire" owonera zakale anayamba kupanga mu 2007. Sevastopol ali allocated malo gulu la zovuta chikumbutso, koma kapangidwe zomangamanga, chitukuko ndi ochititsa wake anachita okha kuti mabungwe a boma ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma za "Tavrida Zamagetsi" ndi nawo nkhawa Sevastopol.

Tours imachitika ndi Pantheon kukumbukira ndi batire casemates pa akuya pafupifupi 25-30 mamita. Onsewo ali mwamtheradi mfulu.

Momwe kumeneko

Location Museum malo - Coast Cossack Bay, 35 Battery, Sebastopol. Kodi kumeneko? Chikumbukiro zovuta "35 m'mphepete mwa nyanja batire" akhoza anafika onse pa munthu ndi pa mabasi ndi magalimoto. Pitani apa matakisi ambiri, mabasi ndi trolleybuses. Komanso, aliyense wokhala m'dzikolo kuuzanso inu njira.

Malinga batire 35, Sevastopol - imodzi yofunika kwambiri malinga Soviet zida zankhondo. Tsopano zikwizikwi alendo ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amabwera kuno, chikumbukiro kulemekeza kukumbukira wowala wa otchuka amene anafa pa nkhondo ndi wosiyana ndi Nazi adani.