Mapangidwe, Sekondale ndi sukulu
Crimea Peninsula. Map of Crimea chilumba. M'dera la Crimea chilumba
Chilumba ali ndi mpumulo multilevel. Kumpoto ndi pakati ukulamulira steppe mtunda, pamafunika ¾ m'dera la Crimea, kum'mwera ndi zochepa kwa zitunda atatu a osaya nyanja Crimea Mountains motsatizana 160 Km kutalika Mzere wa. South Coast amasangalala ndi spa mbali. Choncho, mwa mawu a nyengo m'dera Crimea chilumba limapangidwa zitatu bongo:
- kwambiri anapempha - subtropical (gombe la kum'mwera kwa Crimea) ;
- steppe Crimea;
- Mountain Crimea.
Anthu ambirimbiri apitako mu alendo yotentha ndi midzi yake kulandiridwa: Simferopol, Sevastopol, Kerch, Feodosia. Izi - kumzinda waukulu wa pachilumbachi, kufotokoza mwachidule ena a iwo, ife azipereka pansipa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, panopa kuyendera chilumba nyengo miliyoni 5-6. Odzaona malo. A zambiri kapena pang'ono? Yerekezerani ndi pogwiritsa Turkey anachezeredwa ndi okaona miliyoni 31,456. 2011. chinthu chonsecho - mu zomangamanga ndi kupititsa. Monga mukuonera, ndi Crimea ndi chinachake kuyesetsa ...
anthu a Crimea
Chiwerengero cha Crimea chilumba, malinga Krymstata 01.01.2014, pa oposa 2,342. Anthu ndi amamuchititsa kuonjezera. Chifukwa - ndi kusamuka chikoka cha Crimea. anthu Urban Choncho ndi cholowa cha 62,7% pa chilumba, ndi kumidzi, motero - 37,3%. Pa nkhani ya dziko, malinga 2001 kalembera chaka Crimea anthu Russian imakhala ambiri (58.3%), Chiyukireniya (24,3%), Crimea Chitata (12,1%), Belarusians (1.5%). Anthu otsala dziko Peninsula zimakhala laling'ono kwambiri Molingana - zosakwana 1%.
Mwa njira, Crimea anthu kalembera wa 2001 anaulula mfundo zosangalatsa: m'gawo lake amakhala Izhora (numerically yaing'ono Chifinishi-Ugric anthu) kuposa kwawo.
Crimea mzinda
Administrative, chikhalidwe ndi mafakitale likulu la Crimea ndi mzinda 360,000th wa Simferopol. Mu Greek, dzina zikumveka ngati "mzinda zabwino". Izi ndi lalikulu zoyendera likulu. M'misewu ndi zotsatirapo midzi yonse ya pachilumbachi.
Chochititsa chidwi mafakitale Simferopol: 70 mabizinezi lalikulu, kuphatikizapo "fotoni" mafakitale, "pneumatics", "Santechprom", "Crimeaprodmash", "Fiolent" ndi ena. Choncho, anthu a mumzindawo ndi oyenerera zokwanira. mzinda ndi mayunivesite waukulu pachilumbachi, choncho amatchedwa sayansi Crimea pakati. Kumbukirani kuti Simferopol ndi dziko laling'ono la Academician Igorya Vasilevicha Kurchatova, ndi wosewera Romana Sergeevicha Filippova, woimba Yuri Iosifovich Bogatikova.
City a Sevastopol inamangidwa ndi dongosolo la Catherine II monga malo otetezedwa bwino. Iwo ali kufunika njira m'dera Black Sea ngati doko ayezi ndi panyanja m'munsi. Popeza 2014, malinga ndi lamulo lalikhulu la dziko Russian, Sevastopol ali ndi kufunika feduro, pokhala bwaloli yaikulu ya Black Sea zombo.
Malinga ndi lamulo la dziko la Ukraine, Sevastopol anali anapatsidwa udindo wapadera. Lingathe mafakitale ndi "mzinda wa a panyanjawa Russian," anatsimikiza mtima m'deralo doko nsomba, nsomba cannery, ndi kuphatikiza, Inkerman winery chombo zomanga chombo-kukonza mafakitale. City Sevastopol 'Komanso, ndi lalikulu pakati achisangalalo wa chakumwera kwa Nyanja Black, pali pafupifupi 200 chipatala ndi makilomita 49 magombe.
Umodzi mwa mizinda yakalekale mu dziko ndi Kerch pa malo ake mu BC VII atumwi. e. Agiriki anayambitsa mzinda Panticapaeum. makampani Kerch ukufanizidwa ndi migodi, Kodi zitsulo, sitima, nyumba, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono nsomba. Crimea achisangalalo m'midzi ndi anthu idamva 100,000, ndi Evpatoria ndi Yalta, oposa 83 zikwi okhala mu Feodosiya. Cities Map of Crimea chilumba zikusonyeza kuti ambiri a iwo ali pa gombe. Kuchotserapo ndi Simferopol, Belogorsk ndi Dzhankoy.
Tikumbukenso kuti alipo m'tawuni dongosolo Crimea moyenera mbiri yakale. Komanso mizinda ya pachilumbachi chindiletsa zinthu zake zochepa madzi.
M'mbuyomu posachedwapa. Onse-Union achisangalalo thanzi
Crimea, Black nyanja ... mawu awa ankadziwa kuti munthu aliyense Soviet. Kodi anthu ambiri anapuma pa chilumba cha? Zolondola ziwerengero n'kovuta kupeza. Mwalamulo ananena fanizo 10 miliyoni. Komabe, zikhale zochokera zatsiku deta.
Mu nthawi yomweyo utuluke chidwi kwambiri alendo kuyenda mu Crimea paokha ndi bungwe awo maholide nawonso. Komabe, iwo musalekane pa zochitika za pa boma. Izi otchedwa "mbuli." Mmodzi wa olemba a "zolembalemba boma yotchedwa Gazette" mu 60s wa anamasulidwa adiresi yawo nthabwala. Iye ananena kuti njira iyi ongokhala mu USSR anakhala wotchuka kuti atolankhani mawu "molapitsa" anayamba ntchito popanda zotchingira.
Mu masutikesi awo anagona mapu Crimea chilumba, ndipo njira ndi malo kupumula wasankha zawo ... Kodi kuwapeza? Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa alendo pa nzika zawo, ntchito mwamwayi "mkate" sayansi. The mawerengedwe ndi losavuta: pafupifupi nzika zonse zimawononga mkate tsiku ndi tsiku. Per munthu patsiku, pafupifupi chimachititsa magalamu 200-250. Growth kugula chakudya nyengo ya tchuthi ndi anatilola kudziwa chiwerengero cha "mbuli." Zotsatira zake zinali ziwerengero chidwi :. Ngati panali 300 zikwi mu 1958, kenako mu 1988 - anthu okwana 6.2 ..
Choncho, Soviet Crimea mu nyengo ya tchuthi (May kuti September) anapereka zinthu zake zosangalatsa kuti 16 miliyoni. Anthu Soviet. Ndipo Mukaganizira kuti nyengo ya tchuthi ku Turkey - kawiri bola, ndiye anatsimikizira: Crimea mu 80s Mu zaka zapitazo anapereka zina otaya anthu, mwachinsinsi ndi masiku Turkey, izo nzoona, ngati ife kuganizira "mbuli".
zachilengedwe
Krym anapatsidwa madipoziti chapadera cha gasi, mafuta, mchere, ndi zitsulo. kuwerengetsera kuyambirira ayesedwa pamene okwana kupanga mpweya - oposa biliyoni 165 mamita 3 mafuta -. Pafupifupi 47 miliyoni matani zitsulo - .. Pa biliyoni 1.8 matani ..
Ngakhale mphamvu ya migodi, Crimea chilumba, malinga ndi akatswiri, ali ndi kuthekera kwambiri chifukwa cha wapadera zachilengedwe, kulonjezedwa kwa kumanga pa izo chaka chonse m'munsi kwa konzanso mankhwala mlingo wa mayiko.
Naipolneyshee ntchito zawo - ntchito njira lonse la Crimea chuma.
chilumba izi choyambirira ndipo akhoza kudabwa. 5,8% ya m'gawo lake muli zinthu ndi nthaka zokhudzana ndi thumba malo.
chuma madzi oyera Crimea - phunziro la nkhani zambirimbiri. Ngakhale Crimea mapu ndipo ikusonyeza pamaso pa 257 mi mitsinje m'deralo, lomwe ndi krupnovodneyshimi Alma, Belbek, Kacha, Salgir, koma Pafupifupi onsewo ali ndi mphamvu zochepa za otentha ndi youma yotentha. 120 Crimea mitsinje - osati yaitali kuposa 10 Km, ndiyo mapiri mitsinje kuposa mtsinjewo. Wautali onse - Salgir (204 km).
Pa Peninsula pali nyanja ambiri oposa 80. Komabe, izi Madamu chiyambi m'madzi, iwo anali wopanda moyo chifukwa cha amenewa mkulu wa madzi. nyanja awa si abwino chitukuko cha ulimi, inhibiting nthaka.
Pa dzanja limodzi - kwambiri nyengo ulimi angathe m'mphepete, ndi pa zina - osakwanira amadzimadzi anazindikira kufunika kwa alowererepo pa vutoli kwa munthuyo. Chofunika kwambiri kotunga madzi ali North Crimea njira kupereka chilumba Dnieper madzi. buku ake mu 2003 anali 83,5% ya okwana madzi a Crimea.
Choncho, ntchito yomanga yokumba wa queues njira zitatu anali kuchepetsa wosaperewera madzi, zomwe mwachikulu sakanakwanitsa aliyense mwini mtsinje Crimea kapena nyanja ake. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, chiwerengero cha kotunga madzi m'chigawo chimachititsa% 9,5 yekha.
Steppe gawo Crimea umabala madzi akumwa kuchokera maiwe artesian. yokoka yake yeniyeni ndi otsika - 6,6% ya chonse pamodzi. Ngakhale yopangidwa kuchokera ku zitsime woyera, apamwamba madzi.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti munthu wokhala m'modzi wa Crimea The tsiku pafupifupi buku la madzi ndi nthawi 4.7 poyerekeza kuti anthu a gulu pakati. Komanso, mtengo wa madzi mu Crimea ndi kale apamwamba.
Crimea Flora
Ngati pakati ndi kumpoto kwa chilumbachi ndi olimapo, m'mapiri pali chipolowe cha zomera pristine. Kumeneko, anasangalala kwambiri akatswiri amalima mitundu 240 ya wapadera, zomera kuderako. Otsetsereka a kumpoto kwa mapiri Crimea yokutidwa ndi nkhalango wandiweyani mitundu thundu minda kukula pansipa, pamwamba - thundu ndipo hornbeam. Otsetsereka kum'mwera kwa mapiri okutidwa ndi nkhalango pine. Conifers - kuderako Crimea paini.
Nature of Crimea chilumba ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa chilengedwe cha arboretums nakulitsa kugombe la kum'mwera, ndi mazana ndi zikwi mwangwiro anakhazikitsa zomera akatswiri. Ngati zomera zakutchire tichipeza zitsamba (shiblyak), ndi kuwakulitsa m'mapaki m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zopangidwa ngale m'dziko lino wakale. Lodziwika Mwa awa wa botanical munda yakale Nikitsky, zomera Apereke alendo ochokera konsekonse mdziko. Komabe, mwaluso dendrological zopereka ambirimbiri zomera ndi inunso Massandra, Livadia, Foros, Vorontsov m'mapaki. Ndipo ndi - osati mndandanda wa Crimea kakwamba dendrological.
History. amakedzana
History of Crimea wokongola lapadera. m'gawo lake akhala anakopeka agonjetsi. Anthu ena ija, Cimmerians, amene anakhalapo zaka za m'ma XII, m'malo Asikuti. anthu ena m'deralo, ndi Tauri, amene ankakhala m'tsinde ndi mapiri, anaphatikizana ndi wolakika. Crimea mbali ya boma Asikuti.
The V m'ma BC. e. Agiriki ntchito Crimea chilumba kuchiyika pa gombe kum'mwera (Tauris, monga iwo amachitcha icho) a m'midzi yawo-madera: Chersonese, Kafa, Panticapaeum. Pa nthawi imeneyi, izo sizinali za boma Peninsula, koma za Greek kulamulira gombe. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali steppes Asikuti.
Kumbukirani kuti Crimea amatchedwanso chopunthira cha Russian Orthodox. Ndi pano, m'dziko la Khersones, mu BC Ine atumwi. e. Anakapezeka Mtumwi Andrey Pervozvanny kulalikira kwa mtundu ndi Asikuti.
'63 BC. e. pakukhala kwa analanda dziko la Crimea ndi Ufumu wa Roma, amene adatenga ulamuliro wa mzinda womangidwa ndi Ahelene. Atagwa mphamvu kwambiri Peninsula akukonza kuukira angapo. Mu BC III atumwi. e. Crimea anagonjetsa a ku Scandinavia - ndi Goths, ndi BC IV atumwi. e. anali m'malo ndi ankhondowo kenako - pa Huns, ndi wongosamukasamuka ku Asia.
Kuchokera VI m'ma m'chigawo Crimea chogwidwa ndi mafuko Turkic olankhula anapanga Khazar Khanate. Zimenezi kamodzinso ife kukumbukira m'nkhani ino.
Crimea mzinda madera pa gombe anabwera pansi ulamuliro wa wolowa wa Rome - Byzantium. Byzantines analimbitsa Hersonissos, kukula linga latsopano: Alushta, Gurzuf, Eski-Kermen, Inkerman, ndi ena. Ndi kufooka Ufumu wa Byzantine m'dera la gombe Genoese zimapanga ukulu Theodoro.
Ages Middle
Chikhristu pa chilumba ndi Zapakati. Mu Chersonese anabatizidwa ndi Woyera Prince Vladimir, kenako kufalitsa chikhulupiriro mkhristu kwa ena Russia.
Ndi atumwi VIII BC. e. mu steppe mbali ya chilumba anatenga malo Asilavo kulamulira, adali ndi nthawi-okha chikhalidwe, kuyambira chidwi cha Kievan Lazaro patsogolo anapatsidwa kumalire a kumadzulo, ndi wongosamukasamuka anali kugwira ntchito ndi mwamakani anawazunza.
M'zaka za m'ma XII Crimea chilumba amakhala Polovtsian. nyengo iyi ikuonetsa ena maina Polovtsian kumanzere kwa nthawi yathu: Ayu-Dag ( "Tengelelani Mountain"), ARTEK (dzina la mwana wa Polovtsian Khan).
Atalandidwa chilumba lonse, kuphatikizapo za ukulu wa Theodoro, ndi Chitata Mongolia m'zaka XIII, chinasanduka likulu la mzinda Solkhat (ili ndi gawo la makono yaing'ono m'tauni Old Crimea.). Chilumba ndi mbali ya chilengedwe Mongol-Chitata Zolotaya Orda State.
mbiri ya makono
Pa nthawi imene anthu potsiriza anakhala amangokhala ndi anayamba kulenga mtundu, panali kwakukulu chilumba mtundu - Crimea Chitata. Mu 1475 chilumba unagonjetsedwa ndi ufumu wa Ottoman, ndi likulu la Crimea anakhala Kafa. Turkey boma doko wasanduka angakuthandizeni a Crimea Chitata, amene anali kuchokera m'manja ake. The Ottoman inamangidwa pa chilumba beachheads asilikali. Pa Perekop ankhondowo kumanga linga njira Kapena Kalou.
Mbiri ya Crimea Peninsula, nthawi yatsopano (izo zimabwera ndi kuwerengetsa ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano) ndi ofanana ndi nkhondo za Russia ndi Crimea Khanate. Makamaka mu 1736 asilikali Hristofora Antonovicha Miniha, ndipo mu chaka cha 1737 - Ankhondo Petra Petrovicha Lassii, izo kwambiri wofooka. Han Qırım Giray, kuyesera ndale kuti alimbikire mgwirizano ndi mayiko a West, anafa mwadzidzidzi mu 1769.
A asilikali yachiwiri pansi pa lamulo Wamkulu-wa-, General Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov pa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo 06.14.1770 ndi 29.07.1770 anali anapambana, awiri njira kugonjetsa Crimea Chitata: Perekopskaya pa mzere ndi Cafe. The statehood wa anthu zakwawoko a m'dera zinatayika. Map kwa dziko la Crimea kuyambira 1783 m'malo Crimea Khanate anasonyeza m'chigawo Tauride, wachokera ku Russia.
Chisokonezo atumwi. Crimea California
M'zaka za m'ma XX, mu Soviet Union, dera lino wakhala maganizo osiyanasiyana pa nkhani ya geopolitics. 18.10.1921 chaka pano unakhazikitsidwa Crimea Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - mbali RSFSR.
Pakali pano, boma la Soviet anali ndi vuto m'derali. Ngati Black Sea gombe la Crimea anali zokwanira kuli anthu, chimodzimodzi sitinganene kwa gawo lake la steppe lapansi. Mu Crimea steppe bwino sikokwanira anthu chuma. Lingaliro la kulenga midzi ulimi Ayuda kutembenuza theka chipululu steppe m'dziko nalo. Mbiri ya Crimea chilumba, pamene ife tikuwona, anali chitukuko cha kaonedwe zina.
Mu 1922, boma la Soviet anatembenuka Ayuda mayiko bungwe "olowa" ndi kovuta. Iye wachita kuti aganyali kulima mahekitala 375 a Crimea chilumba, ndi chifukwa cha RSFSR, motero, amatha kuzindikira maloto akale a Ayuda akuyesa dziko lolonjezedwa, -. Kukhazikitsa Ayuda Autonomous Republic pano.
Maganizowa wakhala pansi ndi mizu zakale. Mu VIII-X atumwi Khazar Khanate, omwe analipo pa chilumba cha, ankati Chiyuda.
Mu USSR Committee chapakati Executive wa Bungwe la mayiko a komiti osiyana m'dziko ntchito ya Ayuda unakhazikitsidwa. Komiti zachitika dongosolo 10 wazaka kuti akomere mpaka 300,000 obwera Ayuda mu steppe mbali ya Crimea.
19.02.1929, pakati pa CEC wa RSFSR ndi "olowa" anasaina mgwirizano pa chitukuko cha dziko Crimea. M'dziko ntchito limeneli amadziwika pansi pa dzina "Crimea California." Kukhazikitsa izo, bungwe lonse Ayuda chikalata sheya kuchuluka kwa 20 miliyoni. $ Anagula kwa US ndi European chilungamo payekha. Total -. $ 26 miliyoni (pa panopa kusinthitsa ndalama -. About $ 1,82 biliyoni) cha ndalama unachitikira kudzera poyera mu Simferopol nthambi ya banki "Agro-fuku".
Mu 1938, Stalin anatembenuka ntchitoyo, koma nkhani analeredwa ndi iye pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Ogwirizira a mafuko a "olowa" ankafuna chipukuta misozi. Pa msonkhano Tehran, iwo anapangidwa ndi US pulezidenti Roosevelt kuti Stalin. Komabe, pa Cold nkhondo, mkangano linathera General Mlembi Khrushchev pa "Gordian mfundo". 19.02.1954 a Crimea dera unasamutsidwira SSR Chiyukireniya wa RSFSR. Pangano ndi Soviet Union "olowa" anataya mphamvu: mutu awiri sikuli kwa RSFSR lapansi.
Crimea mbali ya Ukraine
Dera la Crimea ndi kupita SSR Chiyukireniya, amafuna zinthu zogwirika kuti chitukuko. Madzulo a m'dera lino anathamangitsidwa anthu pafupifupi 300 zikwi, antchito ndi bwino sikokwanira. Mu ankhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri anataya mbali yokulirapo ya anthu wamwamuna. Ulimi chilumba yekha sanathe kugonjetsa zovuta ndi kukwaniritsa milingo chisanadze nkhondo. Misewu si kokwanira.
Mu 1958, pa Chiyukireniya Soviet Socialist Republic ku bajeti allocated ndalama kwa pomanga yaitali trolleybus njira dziko, yolumikiza Simferopol ndi Alushta ndi Yalta. Mu zaka 1961-1971 ndipo anamanga yokumba ngalande yothiriridwa steppe m'mayiko pamalo abwino ofunika kwa Crimea likuvutika madzi Kakhovka mosungiramo Dnieper. Popeza akukonzekera ndipo pang'onopang'ono anayamba viticulture ndi horticulture.
Komabe, kuyambira 1991 chitukuko cha ulimi wa chilumba wakhala chizolowezi oopsa kutha. Chifukwa - mu kupeza mtengo kwambiri kwa alimi umisiri wamakono ulimi ndi osakwanira boma thandizo la ulimi kuti vuto derali. Chifukwa, oposa theka utachepa m'dera mbewu ndipo safanana, utachepa madzi North Crimea njira.
Crimea lero
Panopa ndale ku mgwirizano pakati pa Russia ndi Ukraine, makamaka zimaonekera pa chuma cha pachilumbachi. Yachokera pa zotsatira za referendum a anthu a Crimea (2014), ndi RSFSR linalanda kuti ufulu wake wa nzika za boma. Ukraine, chifukwa mbali wakhala si anazindikira zoti referendum ndi kukhulupirira linalanda Crimea.
Vutoli ubale zachuma kwaiye Chirasha Chiyukireniya "malonda nkhondo", ogwetsa chuma derali. Ndipotu, anagonjetsa Khirisimasi. Agriculture akuvutika - chifukwa cha umboni madzi okwanira. Komabe, anthu a pachilumbachi akuyembekezera mavuto amenewa zosakhalitsa adzagonjetsedwa. Ku Russia, chifukwa mbali ndi kukhazikitsa zomangamanga ake onse mu Crimea. Ndipotu, si zokwanira lokha mabwalo zatsopano kudzadza map Russia. Crimea chilumba panopa kudutsa njira yovuta pazachuma ndi malamulo mu dziko Russian.
Ukraine ndi mayiko a Gulu la Zisanu ndi ziwiri, monga tanenera kale, sanazindikire zoti referendum lapansi. Choncho - n'kovuta kupeza udindo moyenera mayiko a pachilumbachi. Palinso nkhani zokhudza malo a Crimea Chitata, kuti ali kumeneko.
Komabe, nkhani akupitiriza, ndi anthu a Crimea, kumene, kuyembekezera ndalama boma pa chuma cha m'dera lawo. Mu njira zambiri boma lake chisankho chimatanthauza zoyembezereka za m'deralo. Kodi adzakhala tsogolo chilumba lapadera? funso udakalipo.
Pomaliza
Zomwe takambirana ziyembekezo dera yochititsa chidwiyi? Tiyeni tikumbukire maphunziro a mbiri. Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene mmodzi wa mtsogoleri lotsiriza la USSR Yuriy Vladimirovich Andropov anayesa "kulimbikitsa chilango ntchito", anawonjezera kuwunika kujombajomba ndi kuteteza kuba mu dziko, yomwe ili tsidya lina la nyanja Black, panali njira zina zaphindu ... Crimea chilumba panthawi imeneyo anali ndi chipatala chaching'ono amphamvu m'munsi kuposa Turkey.
Mu zaka 80 Turkey izo zinakonzedwa bwino chuma, mwalamulo kumatanthauza ndi anapezerapo lonse boma makina, padziko lonse ndondomeko ndalama makampani spa. Dziko, amene GDP zidagwa 10% pa mavuto padziko lonse, kumanga zingamuthandize item watsopano ndalama mu bajeti - bizinesi achisangalalo. mapangano mayiko pa chithandizo cha ndalama likulu zapangidwa kuti ndalama zapadera, wofanana mu ufulu ndi anthu a.
Motero, ndalama zakunja osati anamasulidwa (pang'ono kapena kwathunthu) msonkho komanso zolipira pa kukhazikitsa ndalama likulu ku mamotelo, koma kupereka malire chilungamo bwino m'menemo. Iwo akutsimikizira kubwerera kwa ndalama ndi repatriation likulu, ngati ndalama ndi "analephera."
N'zoonekeratu kuti njira yomweyo kukhala olemera ndi Crimea chilumba. Photo pogwiritsa pambuyo ndalama amenewa akhoza kupikisana ndi zithunzi anatengedwa mu spas ndi m'mapaki madzi Antalya, Turkey.
Similar articles
Trending Now