Chinenero Denmark, zilembo ndi katchulidwe

Chidanishi wakhala kugwirizana ndi nkhondoyo wamkulu wa Scandinavia. Great chikhalidwe cholowa cha dziko - ndi dzina mumtima iwo umabala. A ambiri m'zilembo, komanso kulakwika pakati pa mawu ndi kulemba, pa dzanja limodzi, kuvumbitsira zovuta kuphunzira, mbali inayi, amakopeka ndi ofunitsitsa kuphunzira Chidanishi. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zikumveka wonyong'onya ndi pang'onopang'ono, ndi Danes akunyadira ndi mfundo ofewa ndi chibadwidwe.

Provenance

chinenero Denmark anali zokhudzana ndi zinenero Germany ndi nduna mu ufumu. Iye anayamba mu Ages Middle. Mu njira ya chitukuko, izo Chili zinenero zambiri ku Scandinavia, ndipo anabwera mchikakamizo cha m'zilembo Low German. Kuyambira cha m'ma XVII anayamba kuyamwa mawu a Chifalansa, ndipo kenaka ku England. Mu Chidanishi olemera kale. Akukhulupirira kuti kubadwa zinachitika III Zakachikwi BC, akulankhula za runes zakale anapeza kenako mu dziko. Chidanishi wa chinenero Old Norse. Pa nthawi imene Viking resettlement anayamba, iwo unagawidwa pawiri: East Scandinavia ndi West Denmark. Ku gulu loyamba kenako anaumba Chidanishi Swedish, ndipo chachiwiri - ndi Chiayisilandiki ndi Chinorowe.

Pa mtima wa chinenero Denmark olembedwa Latin, chilankhulidwe cha anthu chomwe odzipereka ena mwa makalata. Patsogolo ntchito runes, amene anali woyamba zipilala olembedwa a dziko. Mawu "rune" latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Old Norse tanthauzo "nzeru zachinsinsi." Danes ankaganiza kuti kulanda zambiri kudzera otchulidwa mwa njira zofanana ndi mwambo zamatsenga. Ansembe amatsenga pafupifupi mwamsanga pamene iwo ankadziwa mmene angadzigwiritsire ntchito izo. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito runes mwayi Ndikuwauza ndi kupanga miyambo. Izi zinali zotheka chifukwa aliyense rune dzina yake, ndipo mphamvu idapatsidwa chapadera kwambiri. Ngakhale akatswiri a zinenero ndi maganizo osiyana. Iwo amati zinthu zimenezi anaitenga ku Chisansikiriti.

M'dera la yogawa

Malo waukulu yogawa amaonedwa Chidanishi Canada, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, ndi Faroe Islands ndi Greenland. Ndi lilime mayi anthu oposa 5 miliyoni ndipo wachiwiri ambiri malo Scandinavia m'zilembo gulu. Mpaka m'ma 40s anali nduna Norway ndi Iceland. Panopa ndi kuphunzira asukulu Chiayisilandiki monga kumangako chachiwiri. munthu aliyense amene amadziwa chinenero chilichonse European, zidzakhala zosavuta kuphunzira Chidanishi chifukwa cha polojekitiyi zikuluzikulu zimene zinkalankhulidwa German.

Pakali pano, pa Chidanishi pangozi. Ngakhale kuti zinenero Scandinavia ali otchuka kwambiri ndiponso ochuluka a anthu anati kwa iwo, Chingerezi kusintha zinthu zikuluzikulu dongosolo lawo. Ponena Denmark, dziwani kuti mabuku ambiri amasindikizidwa pano izo ziri mu Chingerezi. Zamgululi kulemberapo komanso mu chinenero. Maphunziro m'masukulu amakonda kuchita izo, ndi kulemba nkhani yolembedwa sayansi, nawonso. Pa gawo la Denmark, ndi Council kwa chinenero Denmark, ziwalo ndi akuchenjeza. Ngati Sadadzipangire kanthu, ndiye pambuyo angapo zaka Chidanishi chabe kutha.

General maonekedwe a chinenero

Scandinavia zinenero gulu zikuphatikizapo Iceland, Norway, Sweden ndi Denmark. Last kuposa ena sachedwa kusintha. Ndi chifukwa zodabwitsazi Chidanishi yovuta kumvetsa ndi kuphunzira. Norwegians, asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda ndi Danes zosavuta kuti pomvetsetsana chifukwa cha Proto ambiri. mawu ambiri mu mawu a anthu amenewa amakhala ngati, ndipo ambiri a iwo mobwerezabwereza popanda kusintha tanthauzo lake. Pochepetsa akuphatikizapo Chidanishi kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe anakhala ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka Chingerezi.

zinkalankhulidwa

Padziko chaka cha 1000 mu chilankhulo ichi pali zolakwika ku ponseponse analandira pa nthawi, ndipo unagawidwa nthambi zitatu: skoysky, Zealand ndi Jutland. chinenero Denmark - chinenero mnogodialektny. Chidanishi Chili ambiri zilumba (Zealand, fyunsky), Jutland (kumpoto kum'mawa, kumwera chakumadzulo) m'zilembo. Ngakhale mbiri wolemera, chinenero zolembalemba chinapangidwa apa kokha mwa cha m'ma XVIII. Bukuli lili Zeelandic. Zinkalankhulidwa analankhula anthu, makamaka okhala m'madera akumidzi. zinkalankhulidwa onse amasiyana onse ntchito mawu ndi kalembedwe. Mau olankhulidwa zofanana nacho osadziwika kwa anthu yaitali anazolowera alipidwa ponseponse zolembalemba.

zilembo

zilembo Chidanishi tichipeza zilembo 29, ambiri a iwo sanapezeke chinenero cha Chirasha, kotero katchulidwe awo amafuna maphunziro ena.

katchulidwe

Danes icho "chilankhulo kwambiri melodic." Chidanishi amadziwika phokoso ake amphamvu a kuchuluka kwa mavawelo zofewa ali kutchulidwa obvuta kwambiri. Chifukwa, mawu ndi njira zinalembedwa ayi. Kusiyana mavawelo sangathe kumva chilichonse. Iwo akhoza kukhala yaitali, lalifupi, momasuka ndi chatsekedwa. "Kankhirani" - mbali zofunika kwambiri umene wafala chinenero. Chidanishi angaoneke kuti si zomveka chifukwa cha zodabwitsazi. Popeza kuti palibe kutsogolera mu zinenero zambiri. Iwo amakhala ndi sakhalitsa kum'dula pakamwa wa otaya mpweya pamene kutchula mawu. Pa kalata, iye sanali anasonyeza. Mu Russian zodabwitsazi Tingaone mu katchulidwe ka mawu "sanali A". Danes okha si nthawi zonse ntchito molondola, ndipo zimapangitsa chinenero Denmark zina zosokoneza.

galamala

Osati mtundu uliwonse akhoza kudzitama kuti iye ali ndi mbiri wolemera. Pa kapangidwe ka m'zinenero zamakono unakhudzadi kwambiri chinenero chake Denmark. chinenero Denmark mu dongosolo lomwelo la limapereka nkhani. manauni ambiri akhoza sakukamba za genera ziwiri, ndipo dongosolo awo ali wosasintha kwathunthu. Adjectives kugwirizana ndi manauni chiwerengero chawo komanso jenda. Bwana zambiri ziwiri chidutswa. Za mawu m'chiganizo angakhale komanso mosapita chigamulocho. kuti Direct mawu ntchito ziganizo declarative, interrogative, pamene mau funso akuoneka ngati malo. Kusintha kuti mawu angagwiritsidwe ntchito ziganizo declarative, ndi interrogative ndi kuyesetsa.

kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe

manauni Chidanishi ndi jenda, chiwerengero ndi choncho, nkhaniyi. Last limatchula chiwerengero chawo komanso jenda wa nauni ndi. Iye ali mmodzi ndi mochulukitsa, ndi mtundu akhoza kugawidwa ndi pafupifupi. The adjective sitikayikira ndi chosadziwika. Ngati adjective yosokoneza, zimagwirizana ndi nauni chiwerengero chawo komanso jenda. Mneni ali nthawi tilili belo. A okwana siyana 8 Chidanishi nthawi, 2 amene ali ndi udindo m'tsogolo, 2 - tsogolo m'mbuyomu, tsopano, tsopano anamaliza kale komanso pluperfect.

Mu derivation wa manauni nawo mapeto ndi kusintha muzu mawu. Kuwonjezera pa vuto ndi ambiri njira ya derivation. Komabe izo zikhoza kuchitika kudzera mwa Kuwonjezera suffixes pamwamba, kuchotsa suffixes kapena kutembenuka. The Chidanishi mosavuta kupanga mfundo zatsopano.