Zamkatimu moyo Padziko Lapansi: nyengo, nthawi, nyengo, zamoyo

Moyo Padziko Lapansi anayambitsa zaka zoposa biliyoni 3.5 zapitazo, patangopita mapangidwe kutumphuka lapansi. Nthawi yonse zikamera ndi kukula kwa zinthu zamoyo bwanji mapangidwe mpumulo, nyengo. Komanso, kusintha tectonic ndi nyengo zimene zinachitika pa zaka, motsogoleredwa mmene moyo padziko lapansi.

Zamkatimu moyo Padziko Lapansi angaonere, potengera dongosolo la zochitika. Izo zikhoza kugawidwa mu magawo ena a m'mbiri ya Earth. Yaikulu ya iwo - izi ndi nyengo ya moyo. Iwo anawagawa Nthawi, chi - mu nthawi, nthawi pa nyengo, nyengo - kwa zaka zambiri.

Nthawi ya moyo Padziko Lapansi

Nthawi yonse kuli padziko lapansi kugawidwa m'mbali ziwiri: Precambrian, kapena kriptozoy (yaikulu nthawi 3.6 biliyoni 0,6 zaka), ndi Phanerozoic.

Kriptozoy zikuphatikizapo Archean (moyo wakale), ndipo Proterozoic (moyo chachikulu) nyengo.

Phanerozoic zikuphatikizapo Paleozoic (moyo wakale), Mesozoic (moyo pakati) ndi Cenozoic (moyo watsopano) nyengo.

Izi mipumiro 2 wa moyo angathe kugawidwa mmagawo ang'onoang'ono - nyengo. Malire pakati pa Nthawi ya - lonse chisinthiko chochitika ikutha. Poyankha nyengo kugawidwa m'mbali, nthawi - mu chi. Mbiri ya moyo padziko lapansi ndi zogwirizana mwachindunji kusintha kutumphuka dziko lapansi ndi nyengo lapansi.

Nthawi ya chitukuko, kuwerengetsa

Chochitika chofunika kwambiri anaganiza kuonetsetsa kuti intervals yeniyeni nthawi - nyengo. nthawi kuti n'zosiyana, kuyambira wamkulu kwa moyo watsopano. Pali 5 angasunge:

1. Archean.
2. Proterozoic.
3. Paleozoic.
4. Mesozoic.
5. Cenozoic.

Nthawi moyo Padziko Lapansi

Paleozoic, Mesozoic ndi Cainozoe monga nthawi ya chitukuko. Izi intervals ang'onoang'ono nthawi poyerekeza Nthawi.

Paleozoic Nyengo:

• Mathanthwe (Mathanthwe).
• Ordovician.
• Silurian (Silurian).
• Devon (Devon).
• Malasha (mpweya).
• Perm (Pemu).

Mesozoic Nyengo:

• Triassic (Triassic).
• Jurassic (Jurassic).
• Choko (whiting).

Cenozoic Nyengo:

• M'munsi Ukachenjede (Paleogenic).
• Upper Ukachenjede (Neogen).
• Quaternary, kapena anthropogenic (Human Development).

Woyamba 2 nthawi zina mu nthawi ukachenjede ya Zaka 59 miliyoni..

Kukula kwa zamoyo

Zamkatimu moyo Padziko Lapansi kumafuna kulekana osati pa intervals nthawi, koma pamisinkhu ena mu mapangidwe zamoyo, kusintha nyengo kotheka (Yaaisi, kusintha kwanyengo).

• Archean nyengo. Kusintha kwambiri mu zamoyo wa zamoyo - Maonekedwe a buluu wobiriwira algae - prokaryotes angathe kubereka ndi photosynthesis, zikamera wa zamoyo multicellular. Maonekedwe a mapuloteni wamoyo (heterotrophs) angathe zogwira kusungunuka zinthu organic. M'tsogolo, zikamera wa zamoyo analola kugawanitsa dziko nyama ndi zomera.

• Proterozoic nyengo. Zikamera wa zokhala ndi selo imodzi algae, annelid mphutsi, molluscs, m'madzi coelenterates mphutsi. Maonekedwe a chordates choyamba (lancelet). mapangidwe nthaka amapezeka padziko matupi madzi.
• The Paleozoic Atabwera.
• Mathanthwe nthawi. Development wa algae, invertebrates m'madzi, mollusks.
• Ordovician. Trilobite carapace unasintha laimu. Common cephalopods molunjika kapena pang'ono yokhota kumapeto chipolopolo. The inakhala choyamba - ichthyoids nyama jawless telodonty. Zamoyo wambiri madzi.
• Silurian. Development wa miyala yamtengo wapatali, trilobites. Pali inakhala choyamba. zomera zipatso dziko (psilophytes).
• Devonian nthawi. Maonekedwe a choyamba stegocephalia nsomba. Zikamera wa bowa. Development ndi ikutha psilophytes. Development pa dziko spore apamwamba.
• Khala ndi Pemu nthawi. Dziko lakale lodzala ndi zokwawa, pali zokwawa nyama monga. Zinatha trilobites. Kutha kwa nkhalango ya nthawi Carboniferous. Development wa gymnosperms, Mumapezekanso.

• Mesozoic Atabwera.

• Triassic nthawi. Kufalitsa zomera (gymnosperms). Kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha zokwawa. Choyamba nyama, nsomba mafupa.
• Jurassic nthawi. Predominance gymnosperms, angiosperms maonekedwe. Zikamera pervoptitsy ukuyanga cephalopods.
• Cretaceous nthawi. Kufala kwa angiosperms, ndi kuchepetsa mitundu ina mbewu. Development wa Bony nsomba, nyama ndi mbalame.

• Cenozoic nyengo.
  • M'munsi Ukachenjede nyengo (Paleogenic). The heyday wa angiosperms lapansi. Kukula kwa maselo tizilombo ndi zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, maonekedwe a lemurs ndi, anyani ina.
  • Upper Ukachenjede nyengo (Neogen). Mapangidwe zomera ano. Zikamera wa makolo anthu.
  • Quaternary (anthropogenic). Mapangidwe zomera ndi nyama ano. The maonekedwe a munthu.

zinthu Development wa zopanda moyo chilengedwe, kusintha kwa nyengo

Zamkatimu padziko lapansi osati kuperekedwa popanda deta pa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe zopanda moyo. Zikamera ndi kukula kwa moyo Padziko Lapansi, ndi mitundu yatsopano ya zomera ndi nyama, onsewa limodzi ndi kusintha chikhalidwe zopanda moyo, nyengo.

Kusintha kwa nyengo: nyengo Archean

Mbiri ya moyo Padziko Lapansi anayamba pa gawo dziko kuchuluka kwa chuma madzi. Chithandizo alimbane ndi pang'ono. Mu chikhalidwe cha mpweya woipa chimaposa, osachepera kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Mu madzi osaya a amenewa otsika.

Cha nyengo Archaean yodziwika ndi mapiri, mphezi, mitambo wakuda. The miyala ali olemera mu graphite.

Kusintha kwa nyengo m'nyengo Proterozoic

Land - mwala chipululu, zamoyo zonse moyo mu madzi. Mu chikhalidwe cha mpweya anasonkhanitsa.

Kusintha kwa nyengo: Palaeozoic

Panyengo zosiyanasiyana za Paleozoic nyengo zotsatirazi zinachitika kusintha kwa nyengo :

• Mathanthwe nthawi. dziko akadali anathawira. Nyengo otentha.
• Ordovician. Kusintha kwambiri - izo anasefukira pafupifupi onse nsanja kumpoto.
• Silurian. kusintha Tectonic mu zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda moyo osiyanasiyana. Orogeny zikachitika, nyanja kugonjetsa dziko. Madera a m'madera osiyana, kuphatikizapo malo a kuzirala.
• Devonian nthawi. Chogwidwa ndi nyengo youma ndi chokhala. Education intermountain mabeseni.
• Carboniferous nthawi. Kutsitsa m'maiko, madambo. Ofunda ndi chinyezi nyengo, mpweya mumlengalenga ndipo ambiri mpweya.
• Permian. Hot nyengo, kuphulika kwa mapiri, orogeny, kuyanika madambo.

Mu nthawi ya Paleozoic Caledonian lopinda phiri anapanga. asinthire ku malo zinasokoneza nyanja lonse - mabeseni m'madzi kuchepa anapanga dziko lalikulu.

Palaeozoic anayambitsa pafupifupi minda yonse ikuluikulu ya mafuta ndi malasha.

Kusintha kwa nyengo mu Mesozoic

Nthawi zosiyanasiyana za nyengo Mesozoic yodziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Triassic nthawi. ntchito chiphala, zikuchepa chokhala ndi nyengo yofunda.
• Jurassic nthawi. Ofewa ndi ofunda nyengo. Nyanja kugonjetsa dziko.
• Cretaceous nthawi. The mthunzi wa nyanja ku dziko. Nyengo yofunda, koma kumapeto kwa nyengo ya kusintha kwanyengo m'malo ndi chithunzithunzi ozizira.

M'magulu Mesozoic phiri anapanga kale kuwonongedwa, kusiya madzi opanda (West Siberia). Mu theka lachiwiri la chi anapanga Cordillera mapiri a kum'mawa Siberia, Indochina, gawo la Tibet, anapanga phiri la Mesozoic lopinda. Makamaka otentha ndi chinyezi nyengo, zomwe mapangidwe ndi peat bogs.

Kusintha kwa nyengo - Cenozoic Nyengo

The Cenozoic nyengo panali kulimbikitsa onse a dziko lapansili. Nyengo zasintha. Ambiri oundana lapansi chimakwirira akubwera kuchokera kumpoto anasintha nkhope ya mayiko a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. zigwa anagubuduza inakhazikitsidwa chifukwa kusintha koteroko.

• M'munsi Ukachenjede nyengo. The wofatsa nyengo. Kudulidwa m'zigawo zitatu nyengo. Mapangidwe m'maiko.
• Upper Ukachenjede nyengo. Youma nyengo. Nthawi ya steppe ndi, savannah.
• Quaternary nthawi. Mobwerezabwereza glaciation cha kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. kuzirala kwa nyengo.

kusintha onse pa chitukuko cha moyo Padziko Lapansi akhoza kulembedwa mu mawonekedwe a matebulo zimene zimasonyeza magawo kwambiri mu chitukuko cha dziko ano. Ngakhale njira chodziwika cha kufufuza, ndipo tsopano asayansi kupitirizabe kuphunzira mbiriyakale, kutulukira zinthu zatsopano, zomwe anthu ammudzi tiphunzire kukhala moyo Padziko Lapansi kwa anthu.