Zamoyo Multicellular: zomera ndi nyama

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi selo imodzi, zamoyo zina ndi bwino kwa munthu. Akuimira gulu waukulu womwenso mitundu kuposa theka miliyoni. zamoyo zonse multicellular ndi makhalidwe ena ofanana, koma pa nthawi yomweyo osiyana kwambiri. Choncho, ganizirani mtengo maufumu osiyana, ndipo mu nkhani ya nyama - ndi makalasi.

katundu Common

Mbali yaikulu kulekanitsa zamoyo unicellular ndi multicellular, kusiyana zinchito. Iwo analowa mu njira ya kusanduka. Chifukwa cha thupi zovuta maselo anayamba amakhazikika mu kaphatikizidwe nsalu. The ntchito losavuta chimodzi ntchito zonse zofunikira zokha. Mu malo miyambo ndi bowa nkhani payokha monga nyama ndi zomera maselo komanso asemphana kwambiri. Koma nawonso, ayenera kumwedwa mu nkhani za kafukufuku wa nkhaniyi. Mosiyana ndi yosavuta, iwo nthawi zonse zigwirizana maselo ambiri, ndipo ambiri mwa ntchito zawo.

nyama kalasi

Inde, ambiri odziwika bwino zamoyo multicellular - nyama. Awa, nayenso anatsindika nyama. Izi kalasi mwadongosolo la chordates, womwenso anayi ndi theka mitundu zikwi. nthumwi zake anakumana mu malo aliwonse - kumtunda mu nthaka, madzi abwino ndi mchere, mu mlengalenga. Ubwino wa zamoyo multicellular wa mtundu uwu pa ena zovuta zida thupi. Iwo agawidwa mutu, khosi ndi torso, peyala ya kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo ndi mchira. Chifukwa dongosolo wapadera wa miyendo thupi mwakwera pamwamba pansi, ndi kulola liwiro kuyenda. Onsewo ali bwino wakuda ndi zotanuka khungu malo m'thukuta, aliwonse, odorous ndi chifuwa khansa. Nyama chigaza lalikulu ndi musculature zovuta. Pali phrenic wapadera kugawa wotchedwa zakulera. Achilendo modes zoyendera nyama zinthu zosiyana - kuyenda kwa kukwera. The mtima ali zipinda zinayi ndi kupereka magazi wolumikizira cha ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala. Ntchito mapapo kupuma, kuunikila - impso. ubongo imakhala m'madipatimenti asanu ndi hemispheres angapo oziziritsa ndi cerebellum.

mbalame kalasi

Tsatirani zomwe zamoyo - multicellular, sikutheka osanenapo mbalame. Izi mwadongosolo magazi ofunda zolengedwa timatha kuuluka. Pali zoposa zisanu ndi zinayi zikwi mitundu ano. Phindu la multicellular chamoyo kalasi amenewa ndi amazipanga mkulu, ngati iwo ali ambiri, chotero nawo ntchito zachuma cha anthu ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri mu chirengedwe. Zolengedwa zina mbalame chimasiyanitsa katundu zingapo zofunika. Iwo streamlined torso ndi forelegs, anasandulika mu mapiko ndi mchira, amene ntchito ngati thandizo. Mbalame chimasiyanitsa khungu youma popanda zopangitsa ndi dongosolo tentha mthupi kudziwika monga nthenga. Mafupa woonda ndi cholimba, ndi cavities mpweya, kupereka lightness ake. Dongosolo akulu amapereka mphamvu kwa kuyenda, kuthamanga, kudumpha, kusambira, kukwera ndi mitundu iwiri ya ndege - kuuluka ndi kukupiza. Mitundu yambiri amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Mbalame zilibe mano ndipo pali Chotupa chija, ndi dipatimenti minofu, pogaya chakudya. Kapangidwe ka chinenero ndi mlomo zimadalira chakudya specialization.

zokwawa kalasi

Ndi ofunika ponena, ndi mtundu wa zolengedwa, woimira zamoyo multicellular. Nyama za kalasi anali woyamba lapadziko inakhala. Pa nthawi, pali mitundu pafupifupi zikwi zisanu. Chokwawa khungu youma ndipo alibe zopangitsa, limafotokoza wosanjikiza tentha mthupi, umene umabwera pansi nthawi pamene moulting. Chokhalitsa ossified mafupa losiyana analimbitsa phewa ndi m'chiuno lamba, komanso anayamba nthiti ndi chifuwa. Thirakiti m'mimba ndi motalika kokwanira ndi bwino kusiyanitsidwa, chakudya akumugwira ntchito nsagwada ndi mano lakuthwa. kuwala kupuma kuperekedwa ndi lalikulu padziko, trachea ndi bronchi. mtima agawidwa zipinda zitatu. Thupi kutentha anatsimikiza malo. Akuluakulu a boma Kupeleka impso ndi chikhodzodzo. Internal umuna, mazira kuikidwa pansi ndi kutetezedwa ndi leathery kapena chigoba chipolopolo.

achule kalasi

Enumerating zamoyo multicellular, ndi ofunika ponena, ndipo achule. Gulu la nyama ndi ambiri, makamaka wamba nyengo ofunda ndi chinyezi. Iwo katswiri chilengedwe apadziko, koma ali paubwenzi mwachindunji ndi madzi. achule zinachitika kuyambira Crossopterygii. thupi amphibian ndi osiyana lathyathyathya mawonekedwe ndi kulekana kwa mutu, torso, ndi mitundu iwiri iwiri ya nthambi ndi zala zisanu. Ena ndi mchira. khungu woonda ndi yodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa zopangitsa kwa mucous. mafupa The wapangidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa chichereŵechereŵe. Minofu amakulolani zosiyanasiyana kayendedwe. Achule ndi zilombo zolusa, chakudya m'mimba m'mimba. ziwalo kupuma ndi khungu ndi mapapo. Mphutsi ndi makutu. Atatu chambered mtima ndi makope awiri - dongosolo amenewa kawirikawiri zamoyo zosiyanasiyana multicellular. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito impso. Umuna ndi kunja, amapezeka madzi, chitukuko chikuchitika ndi metamorphosis.

The gulu la tizilombo

zamoyo Unicellular ndi multicellular mosalephera amasiyana zosiyanasiyana zodabwitsa. mtundu Izi zikuphatikizapo ndi tizilombo. Ndi kalasi ochuluka kuposa - amaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa miliyoni. Tizilombo zimaonetsa mphamvu kuuluka ndi mkulu sayenda, omwe amaperekedwa musculature ndi miyendo olumikizidwa. thupi chimakwirira cuticle chitinous, wosanjikiza akunja amene limapangidwa mafuta zinthu kuteteza chamoyo kuchokera desiccation, UV kuwala ndiponso kuwonongeka. mouthparts osiyana kuchepetsa mitundu mpikisano kuti amalola kukhala ndi chiwerengero mkulu wa anthu. The makulidwe zazing'ono mwayi chinanso kupulumuka, komanso osiyanasiyana njira kubalana - parthenogenetic, bisexual, larval. Ena amasiyana polyembryony. Kupuma kupereka tima mpweya kuwombola, ndi mantha dongosolo ndi mphamvu wangwiro amalenga mitundu zovuta za makhalidwe chifukwa achibadwidwe a.

zomera

Kumene, nyama Ambiri. Koma ndi ofunika ponena, ndi zina zamoyo multicellular - zomera. Iwo alipo pafupi mazana atatu ndi zikwi makumi asanu mitundu. Amasiyana zamoyo zina amatha kuchita photosynthesis. Zomera chakudya zamoyo zina zambiri. maselo awo ndi okhwima mpanda wa mapadi, ndipo uli mkati wotchedwa chlorophyll lapansi. Ambiri amalephera kusonyeza kayendedwe yogwira. M'munsi zomera mulibe kulekana kwa masamba, tsinde ndi mizu. Green algae moyo mu madzi ndipo akhoza kukhala osiyana ndi kapangidwe ndi kuswana njira. Brown anachita kudzera dzuwa fucoxanthin. algae Red zimapezeka ngakhale pa akuya mamita 200. Lichens - zotsatirazi Subkingdom. Iwo zofunika kwambiri mapangidwe nthaka, ndipo ntchito mankhwala, zodzoladzola ndi mafakitale mankhwala. zomera apamwamba amadziŵika ndi kukhalapo kwa masamba, mizu ndi zimayambira. The ambiri wosazindikira - ndere. The ambiri anayamba - mitengo kuti akhoza kukhala maluwa, di- kapena monocots ndi conifers.

Ufumu wa bowa

M'pofunika kupita ku mtundu comaliza, angakhale zamoyo Mipikisano ma. Bowa kuphatikiza mbali ya zomera ndi nyama. Pali mitundu zoposa zikwi zana. The zosiyanasiyana multicellular maselo zamoyo akuwonetseredwa bwino kwambiri bowa - iwo amatha kubereka spores, lithe mavitamini ndi chete, koma nthawi yomweyo ngati nyama akhoza kudya heterotrophically sangathe kuchita dzuwa ndipo chitin, amene anapezeka ku arthropods.