Nikolay Gumilyov: yonena. Zilandiridwenso, zaka za moyo, zithunzi

Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich anabadwa mu 1886 mu Kronstadt. Bambo ake anali dokotala panyanja. ubwana wanga onse Nikolai Gumilyov, chithunzi umene anapereka m'munsimu unachitika mu Tsarskoye Selo. Iye anaphunzitsidwa mu masukulu poyera St. Petersburg ndi Tiflis. ndakatulo yake yoyamba ndakatulo Gumilev Nikolay analemba zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ntchito yake lasindikizidwa mu kope la "Tiflis pepala" pamene anali ndi zaka 16.

Nikolai Gumilyov. yonena

Pofika chaka cha 1903 banja anabwerera Tsarskoye Selo. Pali wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo akumaliza maphunziro kusukulu, amene wotsogolera anali Ann. Inasintha moyo wa Koli anadziwa ntchito za Symbolists ndi nzeru za Nietzsche. Komanso mu 1903 wolemba ndakatulo mtsogolo akumana ndi sukulu Gorenko (pambuyo Akhmatova). Nditamaliza maphunziro a sekondale mu 1906, Nikolai Gumilyov, yonena umene uli wonse kwambiri ya zochitika zaka alinkudza, adapita kwa Paris. Mu France, anapezeka nkhani ndipo anakumana ndi akuluakulu a milieu zolembalemba ndi luso.

Moyo pakutha pa masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi

Buku la "The Way Spain aja" wakhala woyamba yosindikiza msonkhano, amene anamasulidwa Gumilev Nikolay. Ndakatulo mu magawo oyambirira tiri, momwe ena, "chopereka cha zokumana oyambirira," lomwe Komabe, chapeza kale intonation yake, kufufuza chithunzi cha wolimba, m'nyimbo, yekhayo wogonjetsa. Kukhala kenako mu France, iye akukuuzani kuti apereke ndi "Sirius" magazini. Zipinda (woyamba atatu), ndakatulo iyi ndi kusindikizidwa pansi pa dzina la Anatoly Grant ndi pansi dzina lake - Nikolai Gumilyov. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo zaka kudza n'chothandiza kwambiri. Izo ziyenera kuti, pamene mu Paris, anatumiza makalata mu Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana: "Lazaro" nyuzipepala, "m'mawa," "Kusamala" magazini.

okhwima nthawi

Mu 1908 anawamasulira deta yake yachiwiri, ntchito zimene zinali odzipereka Gorenko ( "Achikondi ndakatulo"). Popeza anayamba, ndi okhwima nthawi mu ndakatulo iyi. Bruce, anayamikira buku loyamba la wolemba, anati, wopanda zosangalatsa, Ine sanalakwe mu amaneneratu. "Achikondi ndakatulo" anachita chidwi kwambiri mu mawonekedwe, wokongola komanso yokongola. Ndi kasupe wa 1908 Gumilev anabwerera kwawo. Mu Russia, zimakhala yodziwa oimira mabuku a St. Petersburg, wotsutsa zonse imayamba kuoneka mu kope nyuzipepala ya "Kulankhula". Kenako, komanso Gumilyov wayamba kusindikiza ntchito zawo.

Pambuyo ulendo ku East

Ulendo woyamba ku Iguputo kunachitika m'dzinja 1908. Pambuyo pake, Gumilev analembetsa Chilamulo la Yunivesite ku likulu, ndi anasamutsidwira ku History ndi Philology. Kuyambira 1909 amayamba yogwira monga mmodzi wa bungwe la "Apollo" magazini. Mu kalata iyi mpaka 1917. Iwo Choncho kusindikizidwa Mabaibulo ndi ndakatulo, komanso mmodzi wa mizati ya. Bright zokwanira Gumilyov mu ndemanga wake zounikira ndi ndondomeko mabuku a khumi zoyambirira za m'ma 20. Kumapeto kwa 1909, iye anachoka kwa miyezi ingapo mu Abyssinia, ndi atabwerera lofalitsidwa bukhu, "Pearl."

Moyo kuyambira 1911

"Gulani olemba ndakatulo" mu chaka cha 1911 wakhala anapanga, amene wasonyezera kudziyimira pawokha yake ku fanizo kulenga pulogalamu wake zokongoletsa. "Mwana wolowerera" ENU ankaona woyamba Acmeist ndakatulo. Iwo anali m'gulu magulu 1912 "mlendo Sky". Ndi nthawi ya wolemba kale mbe mbiri "Syndic", "Master", mmodzi wa lapadera kwambiri andakatulo ano. Mu 1913 Gumilev anapita theka chaka mu Africa. Pa chiyambi cha First World ndakatulo anadzipereka kutsogolo. Mu 1915, a "Mfundo asilikali a pamahatchi" linasindikizidwa, magulu "kunjenjemera." Mu nthawi yomweyo, lofalitsidwa ntchito zake kusindikizidwa "Gondla", "Mwana wa Mulungu". Komabe, zikhumbo zake zosonyeza kukonda posachedwapa, ndipo mu kalata payekha, anavomereza kuti iye, luso loposa ndipo Africa, ndi nkhondo. Mu 1918 Gumilev ukufika uthenga wake monga mbali ya Hussars mu mphamvu aboma, koma amakhala ku London ndi Paris pamaso masika. Back mu chaka chomwecho Russia, wolemba akuyamba ntchito yomasulira adzakonzekeretsa epic ya Gilgamesh, ndi ndakatulo ya English ndi ndakatulo French a "World Literature". buku lakuti "Lawi la Moto" anali womaliza anamasulidwa Nikolai Gumilyov. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo inatha ndi kumangidwa ndi kuphedwa mu 1921.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za ntchito

Gumilyov limodzi ndi mabuku Soviet monga kuphunzira symbolist ndakatulo Valery Bryusov. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti Ndipotu mphunzitsi wake anali Innokentiy Annensky. ndakatulo iyi anali Inter zina zotere, mkulu mmodzi wa sukulu yapamwamba (mu Tsarskoye Selo), amene anaphunzira Gumilyov. Nkhani yaikulu ntchito zake zinali lingaliro la chachimuna kugonjetsa. Hero Gumilyov - amphamvu kanthu, wolimba munthu. Koma pakapita nthawi, ndakatulo ake sakhala zosowa. Mu nkhani iyi, wolemba kumulakalaka umunthu zachilendo ndi amphamvu chikhalire. Gumilev kuti anthu ameneŵa sakhala moyo wamba tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipo iye akuona kuti chimodzimodzi. Ndithu kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuganiza za imfa yake, wolemba zonse wapereka mu kuwala kwa ungwazi:

Ndipo ine ndifa mu bedi
Pamene odziwitsa ndi dokotala,
Ndipo ena kusiyana zakutchire,
Anamira mu Ivy wandiweyani.

Chikondi ndi nzeru m'mavesi patapita

Ndithu kwambiri za ntchito zake Gumilev ali odzipereka maganizo. khalidwe lake mu chikondi lyric amatenga tione zosiyana. Iye akhoza kukhala wolemekezeka ku nthano, ndi lodziwika bwino wokonda wotchuka Dante wosangalatsa Aigupto mfumukazi. A mzere osiyana kudutsa luso lake ndakatulo kuti Akhmatova. Naye zimagwiritsidwa m'goli ndithu, ubale zovuta woyenera chiwembu chawo cha buku ( "Iye", "m'dzenje Zmiyov", "Oweta Zinyama" ndi zina zotero.). ndakatulo mochedwa Gumilyov zikusonyeza predilection la wolemba kwa nkhani aumunthu. Pa nthawi imeneyo, kukhala yoopsa ndi njala Petrograd, wolemba ndakatulo unali kugwira pa chilengedwe situdiyo kwa ojambula zithunzi wamng'ono, monga iwo ngati fano ndi mphunzitsi. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ku cholembera cha Gumilyov ya ntchito zake zabwino, wodzazidwa ndi mfundo za tsogolo la Russia, moyo wa munthu, cholinga ( "Ataye sitima", "The chimodzi Zinthu", "Memory", "owerenga wanga," etc.).