Peter Kuzmich Anokhin, Academician: MBIRI zopereka kwa sayansi

Wopambana wasayansi-physiologist za m'ma XX , Peter Kuzmich Anokhin - academician, woyambitsa wa sukulu wotchuka sayansi, woyambitsa wa nthambi yatsopano ya sayansi ya ubongo zomwe anakhala wotsogolera wa cybernetics - wapita, lililonse kwa wasayansi Soviet. Kubwera ku banja yosavuta ntchito kalasi anakhala physiologist otchuka, kubweretsa patsogolo kwa sayansi Soviet m'minda zambiri neurophysiology, pamene kukumana ndi chizunzo zodziwitsa kwa kusafuna kwawo kutsatira sayansi anavomereza Inde osamva umboni.

"Ndinabadwa mu chigwa cha"

Iye anakumbukira kuti bambo ake ndi mayi anali osaphunzira ndipo anasaina mitanda iwiri. Ambiri anali m'gulu la anthu a chigwa - ndi proletarian ambiri Tsarina. Apa, mu banja wantchito njanji ndi malo Academician Anokhin. Anabadwa iye - January 27, chaka cha 1898. Atate - Kuzma Vladimirovich - wokhwimitsa zinthu ndi munthu taciturn - anabwera kuchokera Don Cossacks. Kuchokera mayi - Agrafena Prokofyevna, mbadwa ya chigawo Penza - iye ali munthu wochangamuka ndiponso sociable, ndipo mbali yaikulu ya mnyamata anakhala chidwi ndi chilakolako chofuna kudziwa.

Pamaso zitasintha, iye afika sukulu ya sekondale - maphunziro pa sukulu yophunzitsa maluso (1914) ndipo akulowa yoyeza malo, agronomic sukulu Novocherkassk. Posachedwapa iye akuimira yokha chidwi mu sayansi zamoyo chidziwitso cha munthu, makamaka pa ubongo wake. Iye akuyamba kufunira mabuku ambiri a sayansi pa nkhani imeneyi, lankhulani ndi aphunzitsi a sayansi zachilengedwe, zomwe ankatha kupereka malangizo kwa zolinga zake obrazovatelskih.

Membala wa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Proletarian chiyambi Anokhina anapanga kwa mbali mu zochitika kunachitika cha 1917, ndiyeno Civil nkhondo kumbali ya Bolsheviks. Pa Cossack chiwembu mu February 1918 Tsaritsyn anali kuopsezedwa ndipo mnyamatayo podziteteza - anaikidwa Woyang'anira wa ndodo pa ntchito yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri usilikali. Mu 1920, iye anali kalikiliki mabodzawo Communist - anakhala Commissioner wa Press mu Novocherkassk ndi mkonzi yosamalira wa nyuzipepala lalikulu Don District - ". Red Dawn"

Ukuoneka talente akuluakulu ngati wolemba, amene nthawi zonse anali patapita Academician Anokhin. Peter Kuzmich analemba kwambiri za ndemanga za akonzi ndi zambiri nkhani nyuzipepala. chilankhulo chawo wochangamuka ndiponso wophiphiritsa chidwi cha Commissar of Education AV Lunacharskogo achita maulendo kampeni kutsogolo. Iye ankafuna kukakumana ndi wolemba aang'ono, pali chokumanako, amene anali m'tsogolo chochitika wasayansi-yopuma. Anokhin anauza Commissar of chilakolako chake kuphunzira ndi chidwi ndi kapangidwe ka ubongo wa munthu, umene anapitiriza pa zochitika zonse mafunde mu dziko.

sukulu spondylitis

Posakhalitsa anafika kalata imene kutumiza Anokhina kuphunzira wotchuka wasayansi - Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev, lotsogoledwa ndi Institute State wa Medical Knowledge mu Petrograd. Mu 1921, Peter Kuzmich akubwera kuphunzira sukuluyi. Monga mmene analembera ina Anokhin, academician Bekhterev anachita chinthu chachikulu kwa iye - zonse womangidwa kwa padziko lonse, chilengedwe sayansi vuto - chinsinsi cha ubongo wa munthu, pamene Inde choyamba amakopeka ndi kafukufuku.

Koma posakhalitsa, wophunzira Anohin amadziwa kuti si kukopa Psychiatry - waukulu malangizo a ntchito za sayansi spondylitis. Iye amaona kwambiri unspecific ndi unsaid, amene yekha mu mawonekedwe chabe. Iye zambiri chidwi ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ubongo, mwayi kuphunzira izo mwa kuika zatsopano kuti zitheke konkire. Pamene ulamuliro waukulu ku malowa anali Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Zinali mu labu wake ndi mu 1922. Anokhin. Academician Pavlov kukopa achinyamata wasayansi kuyetsa pa chopinga mkati - mfundo narrowest ndi chiphunzitso cha bongo wabwino.

wophunzira wokhulupirika wa Pavlov

Kuopa conventionalism mu sayansi, kupewa mmene munthu amaganiza, kupewa kutsatira wakhungu mfundo imodzi, ngakhale iwo ali gawo la chiphunzitso mwakuwoneka zogwirizana - choncho anaphunzitsa antchito ake physiologist kwambiri. Choncho pamene mu 1924 inalemba nkhani "Pa chuma Dialectical ndi mavuto maganizo", imene mamembala ena a Laboratories Pavlovian anaona chiwembucho zinthu zoyambirira za chiphunzitso cha bongo wabwino, ndi wolemba amene anali Anokhin, academician yekha kumbuyo achinyamata wasayansi.

Kuchokela pamawu a Pavlov Anohin woyamba anakhala lecturer mu Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa Institute of zootechnical Leningrad kenako pulofesa wa Medical la Yunivesite ya Nizhny Novgorod. Pamaziko a khalidwe limeneli linakhazikitsidwa Gorky Medical Institute, komwe pa Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndipo akuyamba sayansi ndi pedagogical ake palokha ntchito Anokhin. Academician, amene yonena wachita kale zogwirizana ndi Gorky, anasiya amaonekera pa zochitika za Institute komanso kuzungulira mzindawo.

Institute of Medicine Experimental

Pa Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa Gorky Institute Medical, amene Anohin anayamba wopambana mu dzikoli mu 1932 izo anakhazikitsa ofesi ya Zonse-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine, amene wotsogolera nakhala Anokhin.

Mu 1935 iye anasamutsidwa kuti ntchito VNIEM kwa Moscow monga mutu wa dipatimenti ya neuroscience, amene iye zimayesetsa maphunziro experimental a ntchito apamwamba mantha. Kusonyeza ndi ubale wapadera ndi mabungwe ovutika omwe amachititsa kafukufuku limodzi ndi madokotala, Madokotala aubongo ndi neurosurgeons. Zotsatira za maphunziro awa achita yofunika kwambiri pa Anokhina pa mavuto kuvulala nkhondo mantha dongosolo zotumphukira pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

Kulimbana chiyero cha mndandanda wa sayansi

Akatswiri ambiri a sayansi national kuti kuchotsa Anokhina ku likulu ku periphery kwa - mu ndiye Nizhny Novgorod, anapangidwa pa njira imene Pavlov, kumupulumutsa ku kufunafuna mosalephera maganizo kwambiri palokha ndipo zochita. Choncho ambiri ozimitsa maganizo anadabwa chisankho Anokhina kusiya kulipira mangawa chipani mwaufulu kuchoka chipani. Iye ankaona kuti anthu ovutika chingamuletse mu maphunziro a sayansi.

kukhulupirika kwawo kwa chakudya zenizeni za chiphunzitso Pavlovian adalalika ndi Anohin ophunzira ndi academician Anokhin. Asayansi amanena kuti mavuto kwambiri kwa sayansi zoweta anabweretsa omasulira a cholowa cha physiologist chachikulu, amene ali mu gulu la choonadi zosasintha ali kungotaya anakweza maganizo afotokozedwa ndi Pavlov mu zochepa monga inferences nkotheka kapena mfundo zimene sikungawononge zili ndi zotuluka pa postulates zofunika chiphunzitsochi.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa Soviet

Kenako anakumbukira kwambiri pa wotchuka gawo Pavlovian - msonkhano anzake a Academy of Sciences wa USSR ndi Academy of Medical Sciences wa USSR zimene zinachitika m'chilimwe cha 1950. Pa kenako chibadwa wakhala pansi kukonza Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa Soviet. Zingapo asayansi akutsogolera wolemekezeka ndi asayansi, pansi chizunzo kuti "zopatuka ziphunzitso za Pavlov" ndi kusirira kwa madera bourgeois idealistskimi wa sayansi thupi. Oletsedwa zowawa ophunzira kwambiri pafupi ndi okhulupirika Pavlov - L.Orbeli A. Speransky, I. Beritashvili, L.Shtern. Mwakhama anali kudzudzulidwa ndi maganizo amene anasonyeza Academician Anokhin. Peter Kuzmich, amene yonena anali nawo kukhazikitsa mu 1944 ndi Institute of Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa pa Academy of Medical Sciences wa USSR, anachotsedwa pa utsogoleri, ndi mpaka 1953 - mpaka imfa ya Stalin - katswiri wa Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, University Medical mu Ryazan.

Chopereka chachikulu sayansi

Chiphunzitso cha machitidwe zinchito - zotsatira zachibadwa za chitukuko cha chiphunzitso Pavlovian. Chiphunzitsochi ambiri amakhulupirira waukulu sayansi, anathandiza zofunika kwa sayansi dziko za ubongo wa munthu. Ndi kulongosola kwambiri m'thupi thupi chifukwa cha nzeru kuti mayanjano wapadera payekha ndi magulu omwe akugwilira ntchito mothandizidwa ndi ubongo ndi humoral (imachitika kudzera m'madzi) malamulo.

m'magulu otere amatchedwa kudziletsa chilangizo, chifukwa pali mosalekeza bwino. The chifukwa cha machitidwe amenewa amakhala kuchita khalidwe chomwe ndi osiyanitsidwa afferentation ziyenera - mayankho. Mfundo imeneyi yofunika kwambiri kuti sayansi ya njira yokonza, kutengerapo, yosungirako ndi kusintha kwa mudziwe - Cybernetics. Bambo wa sayansi - Norbert Kuwotcha - chikuzika ntchito, woyambitsa amene anali Academician Anokhin. Photo m'kati kuyenda olowa ndi Kuwotcha Anokhin wa Moscow, unakhala chizindikiro cha ubwenzi wolimba ndi sayansi awiri.

Tizilombo mfundo za maganizo, mfundo za maso ndi kugona ndi njala ndi satiety njira ya chopinga mkati - mavuto awa Anohin zimayesetsa zisakuyenda bwino. Iye ophatikizana kafukufuku ndi ntchito gulu la mabungwe zoweta ndi achilendo sayansi, nawo matabwa mkonzi wa mabuku ochuluka, etc.

PK Anokhin maphunziro moyo March 5, 1974, kusiya mbiri yabwino chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo aumunthu kwambiri cholowa sayansi.