Vital

Kayendedwe wachibadwa wa anthu - muyeso kumene kumatsimikizira kusintha kuchuluka n'zosangalatsa kumva za anthu chifukwa cha madongosolo monga chonde ndi imfa. Kumasiyana ndi kayendedwe makina (kusamuka) uliri zizindikiro zaziwerengero.

Pamene makina zoyenda kukula ndiponso dongosolo kusintha mchikakamizo cha utuluke maulendo ataliatali a anthu amene amathamangira ku dera wina ndi mzake zifukwa kapena osauka. Nthawi zambiri, anthu ikuyenda ochokera m'mayiko zochepa olemera ndi mayiko amene kwambiri anayamba ndi chikhalidwe ndi chuma.

Mawu akuti "zachilengedwe kayendedwe ka anthu," choyamba anaonekera mu Germany m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Iwo kuwayeza kusiyana chiwerengero cha kuchuluka zachilengedwe ndi diminution wa anthu. deta izi mopitirira potengera magulu zaka. Chonde ndi omwalira zimakhudza zinthu zotsatirazi: zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma; achilengedwe chilengedwe moyo; chikhalidwe moyo.

Indicators Vital ndi wachibale ndi mtheradi. Mtheradi imatengedwa kuti:

• chiwerengero cha anthu amene anabadwa pa imeneyi nthawi;
• chiwerengero cha anthu amene anafa pa imeneyi nthawi;
• kuwonjezeka achilengedwe (kuchepa) amapanga kusiyana pakati woyamba ndi wachiwiri.

Wachibale zizindikiro yofunika - ndi kungachititse imfa, chonde ndi kuwonjezeka zachilengedwe, zomwe ndi kuchita masamu ndi chilinganizo wapadera. Ndi mawerengedwe yake, ndipo mukhoza kupeza chithunzithunzi chabwino cha kayendedwe zachilengedwe a anthu. Chiwerengerochi kusintha ndi chitukuko cha anthu ndi kudziwa mtundu wake.

Asayansi apeza zitatu za kusintha zaziwerengero mu mbiri ya anthu. Pamene wosazindikira anthu chiŵerengero cha ana obadwa ndi imfa ya anthu anali pafupi zofanana, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu anali kochepa. Izi mtundu wa kubalana wa anthu akutchedwa archetype.

Kayendedwe achilengedwe a anthu chachiwiri (chikhalidwe) zaziwerengero mtundu uli chinawonjezeka ndi chonde okwezeka ndi bwino patsogolo pa pamatenda. Nthawiyi kumatenga mpaka chitukuko cha anthu capitalist. Komanso likuthandiza nthawi ya bizinesi oyambirira. Pomaliza, masiku ano zomveka, mtundu lachitatu - ndi gulu achilengedwe a anthu yodziwika ndi chonde otsika ndi omwalira otsika. Moyo wautali wa anthu a chitukuko thanzi ndi kuuka miyezo ya moyo.

Tikumbukenso kuti kusintha ikuchitikira m'mayiko olemera a ku Ulaya, kumene kukula zachilengedwe kufika 0.1-0.7%, imbaenda ku mavuto zaziwerengero. Motero, m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya, imfa patsogolo mlingo kubadwa, ndipo izi zimaonekera mu depopulation anthu a m'mayiko amenewa.

Kayendedwe chilengedwe cha anthu mu kudziko lachitatu mpaka khola. Chonde Imfa patsogolo, ngakhale mavuto a zachuma ndi chikhalidwe. Apa, kuwonjezeka chimachititsa 4%, kotero anthu a Latin America komanso Africa ndi Asia anatenga zambiri za anthu a dziko lapansi. Ngati azungu sadzatenga kwambiri kuwonjezera mlingo zaziwerengero, ndiye patapita kanthawi iwo akhoza kutha monga fuko.

Vital ziwerengero - izi ndi zimene adzapereka mwayi kusintha maganizo awo pa mavuto ambiri kugwirizana ndi zaziwerengero mavuto mu Russia, kumene kuchepa anthu chifukwa zifukwa, sipangakhalenso aMulungu. Izi kuledzera okwana, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, otsika muyezo wa chikhalidwe, komanso kusafuna kusunga kwa mibadwo miyambo yawo chikhalidwe cha dziko. Pamene malamulo anzeru a zonse za izi ingathetsedwe.