Zikutanthauza ntchito anthu wosazindikira

Njira ntchito nthawi zonse ankagwira ntchito yotamandika mu zamoyo wa anthu , ndi mwa njira inayake muyezo chifukwa chitukuko. Osati kanthu nthawi chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale kugwirizana ndi dzina mogwirizana ndi zida mmene anthu kulenga zipangizo. Motero, nyengo chikhalidwe ndi dzina lake motere: Stone Age, Mkuwa Age ndi Iron Age. Mu masiku oyambirira a chitukuko, anthu kwambiri litafika pamene anapeza kuti mwala mukhoza kwambiri atsogolere moyo ndi kusaka.

Wosazindikira zipangizo: zikamera ndi zinthu

Mbiri isanayambe nyengo ya chitukuko anthu imatchedwa Age Stone, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyo anthu akhoza kulemba, koma akhala Ngokhoza kulenga chida chimene anawonjezera zosiyanasiyana ndipo pa mapeto a nthawi ino anatha kuthana ndi kuweta ziweto.

The zipangizo poyamba zinali za miyala, koma nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nkhuni, fupa ndi dongo ziwiya imagwira ntchito a. Powonjezera zipangizo zinachitika pang'onopang'ono, choncho simungathe kuti zinthuzi onse anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.

Stone kudula zida zinali za pakachitsulo ndi laimu shale. Basalt ndi sandstone ankagwiritsa ntchito monga zipangizo ntchito (mwachitsanzo, dzanja-mphero).

Kuwerengetsa wa zaka zimenezi zinayamba pamene lingaliro limodzi la hominids kutenga mwala ndi ntchito zolinga banja, zimene zinachitika pafupifupi 3 miliyoni. Zaka zapitazo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba msinkhu mu mbiri ndi kusintha kwa munthu mu zomwe ziri lero. Hominids kugwiritsa ntchito mwala pa zofuna zawo, kuwongolera njira zamakono, zomwe m'nthawi ya 19 ndi wachinsinsi zaka mwala mu 2 nthawi: ndi Neolithic ndi Paleolithic, ndi yamasika, nayenso, kugawidwa m'mbali zingapo panobe.

Njira yoyamba ntchito: luso

Kuti wodziwitsidwa flake pulayimale (zoonda, ndi lakuthwa m'mphepete zisamayoyoke), kunali koyenera kuti mndandanda wa njira yotsatana: kupeza mwala abwino, malo pa izo, ngati inu mufika pa kuti pa ngodya zina ndi kuwerengera mphamvu, tifuna anafunika mitundu chida. Iyi ndi ntchito mwachilungamo zovuta, ndipo n'zovuta kuposa zofunika pamwamba mwachindunji kwa mawonekedwe. Mu zakale zokumba pansi, pali chinthu monga kukhudza mmwamba: ndi dongosolo la percussion yaing'ono kugwazidwa, amene anali anthu akale.

Lophunzira luso, Kuwulura umene ikugwirizana angapo ziganizo, anatengedwa kuchokera kwa anthu akale kwambiri a nthawi, ndi kusintha kwake kupita ku nyengo wina ndi mzake.

Njira ntchito mafupa

Pamene chaka Paleolithic (za 45-10 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo) panali munthu wa makono mtundu, koma asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti zinachokera kale kwambiri, 200 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo. nthawi iyi zogwirizana ndi oyamba a ntchito zipangizo fupa, tusks ndi nyanga. Mwamwayi, iwo ali pang'ono pulasitiki mwala, ndipo nthawi yomweyo olimba kuposa mtengo, kotero yabwino. Kenako anapeza weniweni ndi nyengo yachisanu ikupita kusintha miyoyo ya anthu amene aphunzira kukhala mivi, mikondo, mipeni yaitali (amene anali mbandakucha bwino kwambiri mwala).

Njira ntchito kwa mafupa kosavuta kwa anthu, ndondomeko kuchotsa zikopa kuchokera nyama, chifukwa anayamba kupanga zipangizo zoyenera ndi masingano chabwino, limene, mogwirizana ndi zakale si otsika awiri ake ndi sharpness zitsulo ano. Anthu aphunzira kusoka zovala zikopa, mmalo mogwiritsa ntchito yarns tendon.

Kuchokera tusks ndi nyanga anapanga zida wapadera kukumba maenje kwake ndi zipinda zodyeramo. Chinthu chidwi n'chakuti pa nthawi imeneyo anthu anachita cholinga zinthu zina, komanso zokongoletsa, amene anapanga fupa osati.

Processing Zida zopangidwa fupa

Kuti apange ku nyanga ochiritsira mankhwala anu, nthawi zina ntchito njira mofanana mwala: kuwombera flakes ndi kuchotsa, ndiyeno kuchokera chidutswa mwachita chinthu zofunikira.

Koma nthawi zambiri, njira zamakono yatsopano ntchito: kudula, kudula ndi planing. Anthu sizikupumula n'kukhutira wathu ndi woyengeka zinthu za ntchito, kupukuta iwo kuwala ndi.

Nthawi imeneyi panalinso mutu umene wakhala chizindikiro cha yapadera kwambiri - pakachitsulo scraper wopangidwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana: mwala, matabwa kapena miyala ndi fupa. Osakaniza akhala osiyana, koma zikutanthauza kuti munthuyo waphunzira kulenga zinthu ndi manja awo, amene anamuthandiza kuti apulumuke ndipo amasonyeza mphamvu zosaneneka kupulumuka, komanso kutsogolera, kenako kwa zikamera wa chitukuko chathu.