Mfundo yaikulu ya malamulo

Ndale ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi ndondomeko za bungwe ndi yolimbikitsa chuma zolinga losonkhanitsidwa. Mfundo kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi amakezana. Mwachitsanzo, buku Aristotle ankatchedwa "Ndale". mawu amachokera kwa Greek "polis" - mzinda boma kumadela. Choncho, akamanena za malamulo, malinga ndi Aristotle, anali pa ubwenzi wolimba ndi moyo wa anthu ndi boma.

Yosiyanasiyana tanthauzo limene ndi J. Blondel. Mfundo yaikulu ya malamulo, malinga ndi French wasayansi ndale, ankaimira makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito, imene njira analandira, amene ndiye ikuchitika zikhalidwe za anthu ndi phindu lake.

Kwa nthawi yaitali kugonjera ntchito ya pamwamba anali mwangwiro normative. Malinga ndi akamanena za mfundo chinali "nkhondo ya dongosolo monga" zimaimira njira kukwaniritsa phindu kwa anthu lonse.

Mu sayansi ya kutanthauzira tanthauzo chimadalira pa malo ongolankhula za wophunzira.

Policy m'njira ya gulu structural-zinchito ndi chofunika kwambiri iliyonse gulu. Pankhaniyi, ntchito mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi cholinga kolowera (zolinga / mipherezero), kukakamiza ndiponso kupulumutsa kukhulupirika kwa anthu ammudzi kuopsa kuwaopseza lonse.

D. Easton (wandale American) kumatanthauza akamanena za mtengo ndondomeko monga yogawa ndi volitional. M'mawu ena, ena zochitika chikhalidwe kwenikweni okutidwa ndi tanthauzo. Anasintha kuukonza wa kulunjika wakhala kugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko ya kupeza chuma cha kufunika chikhalidwe.

Otsatira kufikako mfundo mikangano anatsimikiza kalasi zotsutsana mogwirizana (malinga Marx) ndi zimene zimachitika pakati pa magulu okhudzidwa (malinga ndi malingaliro Truman ndi zithunzi zina Bentley).

zingapo akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ntchito iyi anthu umalimbana kuthetsa mokakamizidwa nkhondo m'dziko lapansi. Mu lamulo limeneli mfundo chida zinthu. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, pali kusintha kosangalatsa kutsimikizira kwa mogwirizana mwachindunji nkhondo kuwonetsetsa tawuni yake mtendere. Malinga ndi American sayansi ndale Analemekeza, mwiniwake wa ndale kuchitika nkhondo ndi mgwirizano magulu pa kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugawa chuma.

Malinga ndi mbali ya chiphunzitso cha kusankha zomveka, m'pofunika kudziwa magawo kuwombola chikhalidwe. Pankhaniyi, gulu zofunikira cholinga kafukufuku ndipo wapadera munthu chidwi. Ntchito, sankaoneka ngati dongosolo la mogwirizana chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kufunafuna zolinga gulu, aumbike pansi chikhalidwe cha zomwe munthu sizilephereka amenewa.

Mfundo yaikulu ya malamulo mitengo

Mtengo ndi chuma chizindikiro zofunika. kampaniyo amakakamizidwa kuwerengera ndi mtengo (ngati n'kotheka) kusonkhezera izo. Mtengo (kumsika mpikisano) aumbike makamaka mchikakamizo cha zinthu zimene anapanga mwachikulu, kaya ogwira lapansi.

Mfundo yaikulu ya malamulo msonkho

Njirayi ndi chopereka mu deta ndi malipiro ntchito. Poyambira mu kukhazikitsa mfundo msonkho ndi makonzedwe lamulo msonkho. Mawonetseredwe izi ya miyeso ndi ubwino, mitengo, maofesi.

mfundo Tax imatengedwa kuti ndi gawo kuvomerezedwa malamulo a zachuma. Zolinga ndi ochititsa zinthu izi ndi chifukwa cha umoyo ndi zachuma Kapangidwe ka anthu, komanso magulu okhala ndi boma mphamvu.