Biosystem - izo ... The thupi monga biosystem ndi

Biosystems - kuipidwa zopezera mabungwe biologically zogwirizana, kuchokera padziko lonse kuti boma atomiki. Zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti fanizo cilamulo wa angapo dongosolo kuswana mu chikhalidwe - chiwerengero cha zamoyo, ziwalo ndi zimakhala. The micro- ndi nanoscopic machitidwe lonse ndi zitsanzo za maselo zamoyo organelles, maofesi macromolecular ndi njira zolimbana.

Thupi monga biosystem ndi

Mu zamoyo, chamoyo ndi aliyense contiguous dongosolo moyo, pamodzi ndi nyama, zomera, bowa, protists kapena mabakiteriya. Mitundu yonse chodziwika cha zolengedwa Padziko Lapansi amatha kumlingo kuti kulabadira zimene zikuchitika, kubereka, kukula, kusintha ndi kudzikonda malamulo (homeostasis).

Chamoyo monga biosystem tichipeza maselo umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Ambiri zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi tosaoneka lonse, choncho, a tizilombo lapansi. Anthu - ndi zamoyo multicellular ongokhala lipange ambiri maselo yagawidwa zimakhala apadera ndi ziwalo.

Multiplicity ndi kuchuluka kwa kachitidwe kwachilengedwenso

Chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha mitundu ya makono ya Earth lingayambire 10 14 miliyoni, umene ndi pafupifupi 1.2 miliyoni akhala yokhala zalembedwa.

Mawu akuti "chamoyo" chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi mawu akuti "gulu". Iwo akhoza chimatanthauza msonkhano wa mamolekyulu kuti uziyenda monga kwambiri kapena zochepa khola lonse, amene akusonyeza katundu wa moyo. Thupi monga biosystem ndi - ndi aliyense dongosolo moyo, monga mbewu, nyama, bowa kapena mabakiteriya, amene akhoza kukula ndi kuchulukitsa. Kwaletsedwa ndi mavairasi ndi zotheka anthropogenic zochita kupanga zamoyo, chifukwa iwo amadalira limagwirira amuzolengedwa selo khamu.

The thupi la munthu biosystem ndi

Thupi la munthu akhoza kutchedwa biosystem. Ndi kuchotsedwa ziwalo zonse. matupi athu amapangidwa ndi chiwerengero cha machitidwe kwachilengedwenso kuti ntchito yeniyeni zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku.

• Ntchito m'thupi ndiko kupita magazi, zakudya, Mpweya wabwino ndi mahomoni ziwalo ndipo zimakhala. Amakhala mtima, magazi, ndi mitsempha, mitsempha ndi mitsempha.
• Dongosolo m'mimba imakhala ndi mndandanda wa matupi zikugwirizana, amene pamodzi kulola thupi kuyamwa ndi kupukusa chakudya, komanso chinkhoswe anira zinyalala. Mbaliyi pakamwa, kum'mero, m'mimba, intestine yaing'ono, m'matumbo, rectum ndi chotulukira. Chiwindi ndi kapamba imathandizanso zofunika mu dongosolo m'mimba, chifukwa iwo amapanga timadziti m'mimba.
• Kachitidwe endocrine wapangidwa zopangitsa lalikulu eyiti kuti secrete mahomoni mu magazi. mahomoni awa, nayenso kupita ku zimakhala zosiyana ndi malangizo ntchito zosiyanasiyana za thupi.
• chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi chitetezo ya thupi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda owononga. Mbaliyi lymph mfundo, ndulu, mafupa, maselo oyera ndi lymphocytes.
• Dongosolo lymphatic zikuphatikizapo lymph mfundo, ducts ndi mitsempha, ndipo chimagwira ntchito monga chitetezo cha mthupi. cholinga chake chachikulu - ndi kupanga ndi kusuntha lymph, magazi bwino munali maselo oyera othandiza matenda thupi nkhondo. Dongosolo lymphatic m'thupi owonjezera lymphatic madzimadzi ku zimakhala thupi ndi kubwerera kwa magazi.
• mantha dongosolo asaaonerera onse zaufulu (Mwachitsanzo, amazindikira kayendedwe) ndi zochita musanaganizire (mwachitsanzo, kupuma), ndipo anatumiza chizindikiro kwa mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Chapakati mantha dongosolo zikuphatikizapo ubongo ndi msana. Mantha dongosolo zotumphukira tichipeza misempha kuti kulumikiza lililonse gawo la thupi ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo.
• Dongosolo minofu ya thupi wapangidwa ndi 650 minofu, zomwe zimathandiza mu kayendedwe, kufalitsidwa ndi kuchita angapo ntchito zina thupi.

• dongosolo ubereki amalola anthu kubereka. Amuna dongosolo ubereki zikuphatikizapo mbolo ndi testes, imene chakudya umuna. Dongosolo wamkazi ubereki tichipeza nyini, chiberekero ndi thumba losunga mazira. Pa nthawi ya mimba, umuna lama fuyusi ndi dzira, amene amalenga dzira, wophuka m'mimba.
• matupi athu amapereka mwa dongosolo chigoba, wopangidwa mwa mafupa 206, amene chikugwirizana tendons, Mitsemphayi ndi chichereŵechereŵe. Mafupa kumatithandiza kuti asunthe koma ali nawo ntchito yopanga maselo magazi ndi kusunga calcium. Mano ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha chigoba, koma si zoona mafupa.
• Dongosolo kupuma angathe kulandira mpweya kwambiri ndipo kuchotsa mpweya woipa mu ndondomeko yomwe ife timaitcha kupuma. Amakhala makamaka wa trachea, m'mapapo ndi zakulera.
• Dongosolo mkodzo amathandiza kuthetsa zinyalala mankhwala otchedwa urea thupi. Amakhala ndi impso ziwiri, ureters awiri, chikhodzodzo, ndi mkodzo ndi minofu awiri sphincter. Mkodzo amapangidwa ndi impsozo, anawamvera pansi ureters mu chikhodzodzo ndi lotulukira m'thupi kudzera mkodzo ndi.
• Khungu ndi chiwalo yaikulu ya thupi. Kumatetezera ife kuchokera kunja dziko, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena, komanso kuthandiza kuti zonse kutentha thupi ndi kuthetsa zinyalala kudzera thukuta. Kuwonjezera pa khungu, dongosolo integumentary zikuphatikizapo tsitsi ndi misomali.

ziwalo zofunika kwambiri

Anthu, pali zisanu zofunika ziwalo, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti tidzapulumuke. Ndi ubongo, mtima, impso, chiwindi ndi mapapo.

• Ubongo wa munthu ndi malo ulamuliro wa thupi, kulandira ndi kufalitsa chizindikiro ziwalo zina mwa wamanjenje dongosolo ndi mwa mahomoni tochoka. Ndiyenso amabweretsa maganizo athu, maganizo, kukumbukira ndi maganizo onse a dziko.
• Mtima wa munthu ndi udindo ikukoka m'thupi lonse wathu.
• Ntchito impso ndi kuchotsa zinyalala ndi madzi owonjezera kwa magazi.
• Chiwindi ali ntchito ambiri, kuphatikizapo detoxification mankhwala zoipa, kugwa kusefera mankhwala magazi, katulutsidwe wa ya ndulu ndi kupanga mapulotini kwa clotting magazi.
• Mapapo ndi udindo kuchotsa mpweya kwa mpweya umene timapuma ndi kulanda mu mwazi wathu, kumene ungathe kutumizidwa kwa maselo. Mapapo komanso kuchotsa mpweya woipa kuti ife kutulutsa.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Thupi la munthu lili pafupifupi 100 thiriliyoni maselo.
• The wamkulu pafupifupi amachita mpweya 20,000 patsiku.
• Tsiku lililonse 200 masamba woyesedwa quartile (50 malita) ya magazi zosefera za 2 makilogalamu wa madzi ndi zinyalala.
• anthu wamkulu zimatulutsa kota ndi theka (1.42 malita) ya mkodzo tsiku lililonse.
• Ubongo wa munthu uli pafupifupi mabiliyoni maselo 100 mitsempha.
• Madzi amapanga maperesenti oposa 50 kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu thupi.

Chifukwa thupi otchedwa biosystem?

A chamoyo wamoyo ndi bungwe lina la nkhani wamoyo. Ndi biosystem, amene, monga dongosolo ina, limapangidwa zinthu inakula, monga mamolekyulu, maselo, zimakhala, ziwalo. Chirichonse mu dziko lino kuchokera mu chinachake anatsimikiza wolowezana wa chibadidwe ndi zamoyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mamolekyulu ndi lopangidwa ndi maselo, maselo - minofu kwa minofu - matupi a ziwalo - machitidwe limba. Katundu Biosystems mulinso zikamera, kutanthauza maonekedwe khalidwe la zatsopano, pamene zinthu ophatikizana alipo ndipo kutali ndi milingo m'mbuyomu.

Cell monga biosystem ndi

Gawo limodzi akhoza kutchedwa biosystem wathunthu. Izi unit zikuluzikulu zomwe ali dongosolo yake ndipo thupi. Iwo akhoza kukhalapo lokha, kubereka okha ndi kukhala malamulo awo. Mu zamoyo, pali gawo lonse odzipereka kwa kafukufuku wake, wotchedwa cytology ndi selo zamoyo.

Khola - ndi maziko dongosolo moyo, womwenso munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu kuti ndi makhalidwe enieni ndi kugwira ntchito zawo.

dongosolo zovuta

Biosystem imakhala yofanana ndi moyo nkhaniyi macromolecules ndi anthu maselo zimadalirana. Ilo liri ndi milingo zotsatirazi ya gulu:

• mlingo jini;
• mlingo ma;
• ziwalo ndi machitidwe limba;
• zamoyo ndi kachitidwe;
• anthu ndi anthu kachitidwe;
• Madera ndipo zimadalirana.

zigawo zikuluzikulu zamoyo milingo yosiyanasiyana ya bungwe mu dongosolo linalake kucheza ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo, mphamvu ndi zina zigawo zikuluzikulu abiotic ndi zinthu. Malinga lonse lapansi, kachitidwe osiyana ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana amalanga. Chibadwa nawo chibadwa, selo cytology kuganizira. Matupi zimatengera pa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. Ichthyology amaphunzira zamoyo, tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso, ornithology, Anthropology ndi zina zotero.