Kodi katundu ndi maselo: mbali structural, mitundu ndi ntchito

Today tikambirana zimene katundu ndi maselo, taganizirani zosiyanasiyana ndi dongosolo analyzers. miyoyo yathu sizikanatheka kwathunthu popanda lilime la. Tangoganizirani mmene moyo amaonekera popanda kumva, kuona, kununkhiza, kukhudza, kulawa.

Woyamba ndi zapulaimale ntchito chowunikira - ndi chitetezo. Popanda kumva, ife sangathe kumva chizindikiro chilichonse chenjezo (a galimoto, malonda mwadzidzidzi wailesi ndi zina zotero); popanda masomphenya amamizidwa thupi lonse mu mdima, sindikanadziwa momwe wokongola m'dziko lathu; Nunkhizani komweko akhoza kutiteteza ku ngozi ya (mwachitsanzo, pamene mpweya kutayikira); mphamvu ya kukhudza limatiuza za kuwonongeka zotheka kuti akhoza kuwononga thupi; masamba kukoma kulola ife kusiyanitsa wokoma kwa mchere kapena wowawasa. Tilankhure pang'ono za maganizo ndi kutembenukira kwa funso la chimene katundu ndi maselo.

zomverera

Ochepa amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ya zomverera :

• khungu zotengeka;
• tanthauzo la kukoma;
• kununkhiza;
• zomverera zithunzi;
• Makutu zotengeka;
• malo mu mlengalenga;
• mphamvu ya gulu;
• organic.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mtundu woyamba zikuphatikizapo:

• kukhudza;
• kuthamanga;
• mphamvu ya kukhudza;
• kutentha zotengeka;
• ululu.

Ndi 6 TH ndi 7 TH gulu ikuphatikizapo malo amodzi ndi kayendedwe. Ndi maganizo 8 ife perekani mitundu ya zomverera:

• njala;
• ludzu;
• kumverera kwa ziwalo ndi zina zotero.

Tisanafotokoze kutanthauza zimene katundu ndi maselo kuchifotokoza mitundu awo.

mitundu ya maselo

Tsopano timapereka inu kutsogolera gulu la zinthu zina. Atafunsidwa makhalidwe ndi masamba, zamoyo (8 kalasi) Ophunzira ayenera kuyankha. Tingaonenso katundu ndi ntchito mu gawo lotsatira, ndipo tsopano - gulu la amaonera kuwalimbikitsa kuti:

• mechanoreceptors;
• chemoreceptors;
• thermoreceptors;
• maselowa;
• nociceptors.

Gawo lina ife zinachititsa, izo zinachokera pa maganizo a psychophysiology. Kumbukirani kuti maselo ali m'magulu:

• zithunzi;
• kumva;
• kulawa;
• olfactory;
• chogwirika, kapena haptic.

Ntchito ndi katundu wa zolandilira

M'chigawo chino tiona mitundu, ntchito ndi katundu wa lilime la. Choncho, mwa katundu tingaone:

• kulunjika;
• tilinazo.

Tsopano pang'ono za aliyense wa iwo. Ndi kulunjika amatanthauza kuti cholandilira amaona mtundu umodzi wokha wa kuwalimbikitsa. Ndiko kuti, zolandilira ndi monomodal, koma izi sizichitika nthawi zonse, chifukwa chakuti ambiri luso lawo kuzindikira ndi mkwiyo zina, kudziwa iwo zambiri yekha ang'onoang'ono.

Kotero ife pang'onopang'ono kubwera kwa chuma chachiwiri - tilinazo. Iwo angathe kuyeza, chithunzi ichi ali ndi dzina - pakhomo mtheradi. Apa nkofunika kuona kuti maselo akhoza kugawidwa ndi liwiro anatengera kuti:

• zimandilimbikitsa;
• intermediates;
• gawo.

cholandilira ntchito:

• kusonyeza;
• kusandutsa mphamvu thupi ku zikhumbo mitsempha;
• Koyamba kusanthula zikuchitika ukubwera.

Mitundu ndi dongosolo analyzers

Kodi katundu wa maselo, ife mwachidule akufotokozedwa. Tikupereka kupita ku mtundu ndi kapangidwe analyzers.

Kuyamba, ife timathandiza maganizo "chowunikira" palokha. Lamavutoli nyumba dongosolo mitsempha, moti nthawi yosanthula chizindikiro analandira kuchokera kunja. Kodi m'kagulu malinga ndi muyezo zosiyanasiyana, ifenso kupereka gulu ndi cholinga. Choncho analyzers anawagawa:

• kunja;
• mkati;
• Thupi malo;
• ululu.

Kapangidwe ka chowunikira akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu:

• zotumphukira;
• kondakitala;
• chapakati.

Woyamba dipatimenti zonyamula zolandilira kuti chachiwiri - ubongo dera wachitatu - 2 mitundu ya manyuroni kuti achite kusanthulidwe ka deta.

pamaso

Ife tinapeza zimene zimatha ambiri a maselo. Tsopano ife kulankhula pang'ono za pakati zithunzi. Kukhala succinct kwambiri, chowunikira zithunzi imakhala nyumba zotsatirazi:

• kuwala;
• thandizo;
• Ubongo.

Zonsezi zimathandiza kuona ndi kutanthauzira ndi chizindikiro kuwala. Ngati ife kulankhula mosiyana za munthu, chifukwa chakuti maso pa mzere womwewo, n'zotheka kufotokoza magawo ena:

• mozama;
• buku;
• mtunda ndi zina zotero.

Izi zikusonyeza kuti maso anthu binocular.

kumva

Choncho, kodi katundu ndi maselo? Kumbukirani: tilinazo ndi kulunjika. kanthu zasintha ndi ulemu kwa maselo a Makutu. Makutu, ife tikhoza kumva. Izi kamodzinso, chikutsimikizira kuti maselo zenizeni, koma simuzindikira mawu onse. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti maselo Makutu kukhala ndi kulingalira katundu.

The anthu kumva dongosolo sangathe kuzindikira ultrasound ndi infrasound. Chifukwa chiyani? Infrasound yoweyula osiyanasiyana ndi zosakwana 20 Hz, ndi ultrasound - owonjezera 20 kHz, amene ali kutsidya tilinazo anthu pakhomo la zolandilira Makutu.

kukhudza

Takambiranazi ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wonse wa phwando chimafikira kwa maselo a chogwirika. Thupi lathu lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zolandilira chogwirika. Ndi chifukwa iwo tingasiyanitsire chimfine kuchokera otentha, yonyowa youma. Nkofunika kudziwa chakuti maselo onse osiyana, ndilo kuyang'anira kutentha, pamene ena - zaululu ndi zina zotero.

fungo

Tiyeni tinene mawu ochepa za kununkhiza. Mphuno munthu amangosowa kudzera fungo ife fungo, kukoma kwa zakudya ndi zina zotero. Mphuno amatiteteza ku ngozi zambiri, ndiwo zina ngakhale amapha anthu. Fungo zingasokoneze maganizo ndi maganizo. Kumbukirani, motsimikiza muli amakonda fungo la ubwana (zingakhale mkaka atsopano, kuphika fungo kapena zonunkhiritsa mayi).

Ngati tikambirana dziko nyama ndi njira kupewa mavuto ena (nyama yang'anirani m'madera awo, kupatula wamphamvu wamwamuna anali konse phazi pa dera la mphamvu).

zida vestibular

Osati aliyense akudziwa kuti thupi la munthu lili ndi maselo apadera amatithandiza kudziwa malo ake m'malere. Ngati iwo zinakambidwa, sipakanakhala kudzimva kuti mozondoka (mwachitsanzo, wakwera, pamene akuchita zidule acrobatic ndi zina zotero), ife angagwe pansi mlingo zowawa chizungulire wosatha ndi zina zotero.

chipangizo Ichi ndi m'malo zovuta. Ngati pali monyanyira ntchito yake, munthuyo adzayenera kukhala wokongola choipa, poti lathu mu mlengalenga, n'zosatheka.

kukoma

Ndipo potsiriza - pang'ono za kodi miyoyo yathu kukoma. Choyamba kumva kukoma kulola ife kusiyanitsa kukoma kwa chakudya.

anthu onse amatha kumva makhalidwe kukoma, monga kapangidwe chinenero konse zofanana, ndipo masamba kukoma zimapezeka padziko. Iwo ali nalo dzina - ndi masamba kukoma. Mu chinenero chathu, zosiyanasiyana awo aakulu, koma aliyense limodzi ndi udindo mthunzi umodzi wa kukoma.