Pavel Antokolsky: biography ndi luso

Wolemba ndakatulo wa Soviet Pavel Antokolsky, yemwe mbiri yake ndi ntchito yake amafunikira kuphunzira mosamalitsa, anakhala moyo wautali komanso wokondweretsa kwambiri. Anakumbukira zochitika, nkhondo, zojambulajambula, kupanga mapulogalamu a Soviet. Masalmo a Antokolsky ndi mbiri yokhutira, yokhutira ndi zolemba za ndakatulo, za moyo wa dziko, za momwe amachitira.

Chiyambi

June 19, 1896 ku St. Petersburg anabadwira Antokolsky Pavel Grigorievich. Iye anali wamkulu mwa ana anai m'banja ndipo anali yekhayo mwana. Bambo ake, katswiri wodziwika bwino komanso wosapindulitsa kwambiri, nthawi zonse ankapanga momwe angasinthire moyo wake. Koma adagwira ntchito kwambiri monga wothandizira woweruza milandu, ndipo mu Soviet anali wolemekezeka kwambiri m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Zovuta zonse zokhudza ana zimakhala pamapewa a amayi. Mnyamatayo anali mzukulu wa wojambula wotchuka dzina lake Mark Antokolsky, kumene Paulo anagwiritsa ntchito luso lojambula. Ngakhale kuti banja linali ndi mizu yachiyuda, mtunduwo sunagwirizane nawo m'moyo wa wandakatulo wam'tsogolo.

Zaka zaunyamata

Pavel Antonoksky adakali mwana ku St. Petersburg, ndipo ali ndi zaka 8, banja lake linasamukira ku Moscow. Chokondwerero chachikulu cha ubwana, molingana ndi Antokolsky yemwe, chinali kukokedwa ndi mapensulo amitundu ndi madzi. Chiwembu chimene ankakonda chinali chithunzi cha mutu wake - fanizo la Pushkin's Ruslana ndi Lyudmila. Kenaka anaonekera nkhani yachiwiri yomwe ankakonda - fano la Ivan lawopsya, lomwe linali ngati fano la agogo ake a M. Antokolsky. Atamukira ku Moscow, mnyamatayo anakumbukira bwino: atatha kukhala wamtendere komanso wamtengo wapatali wa Petersburg ankawoneka kuti anali wokongola, wofuula komanso wonyansa. Koma pang'onopang'ono anazoloŵera ku Moscow ndipo anayamba kuona kuti ndi mzinda wake. Kusintha kwa 1905 kunapitirizabe kukumbukira kwambiri mnyamatayo, kutsutsidwa kwa anthu ndi mphamvu pambuyo pake kudzakhala imodzi mwa nkhani zomwe amaganizira.

Phunzirani

Pavel Antokolsky anaphunzira ku Gymnasium ya Moscow, imene anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1914. Phunzirolo linapatsidwa kwa iye mosavuta, koma silinayambe kukondweretsa kwambiri. Chaka chotsatira pa masewera olimbitsa thupi, Pavel akulowa ku University of Moscow State ku Faculty of Law. Ali m'chaka choyamba iye adawona m'makonzedwe a nyumba ya Moscow State University ku Mokhovaya kulengeza za kuwatumiza ku studio ya sewero yomwe ophunzira a MKhAT akuyang'anira, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo moyo wina wa Antokolsky unayamba. Nthawizo zinali zopweteka, ndipo Pavel mwinamwake anasiya maphunziro ake ku yunivesite, poyamba kuti agwire ntchito zowonongeka, koma potsiriza chifukwa cha studio, yomwe inakhala yofunika kwambiri kwa iye.

Masewera

Sewero la zisudzo ku Moscow State University linayendetsedwa ndi mkulu wina wotchuka dzina lake Eugene Vakhtangov, ndipo Pavel Antonoksky anadzipeza yekha. Zolemba zake zinasintha mwadzidzidzi ndi mawonekedwe a masewerawo, poyamba Pavel amayesa ntchito yake, koma talente yake sinali yokwanira. Kwa zaka zitatu mu studio, yomwe inasanduka "Theatre of the People", Antokolsky anadziyesera yekha kuntchito zonse zochititsa masewero: kuchokera ku editor stage mpaka kwa wotsogolera ndi mlembi. Kwa studio, iye analemba masewero atatu, kuphatikizapo "Doll Infanta" ndi "Betrothal mu loto." Mu 1919, achoka ku Vakhtangov, koma akupitiriza kugwira ntchito ku zisewero za ku Moscow, komwe mpaka pakati pa zaka makumi atatu ndi makumi atatu akugwira ntchito monga mkulu. Pambuyo pake akubwerera ku Vakhtangov, pamodzi ndi iye akugwira ntchito yomanga nyumbayo pa Arbat. Pambuyo pa imfa ya katswiri wamkulu wa zisudzo, Antokolsky mwiniwakeyo komanso wogwirizana ndi atsogoleri ena amaika machitidwe. Pamsonkhano umenewu, Vakhtangov Pavel Grigorevich amapita ku Sweden, Germany, France. Ulendo umenewu unamuthandiza kudziwa dziko lapansi komanso yekha, ndipo anadzizindikiranso yekha ngati munthu wa Soviet. Kenaka zojambula kuchokera maulendowa zidzakhala m'mavesi, makamaka m'buku "West". Malo owonetserako anali nkhani yofunikira kwambiri ya moyo kwa Antokolsky, ngakhale pamene anasankha njira yosiyana.

Ndakatulo

Masalmo ake oyambirira, Pavel Antokolsky, analemba mu ubwana wake, koma sanachite nawo chidwi. Mu 1920, adayandikira gulu la olemba a Moscow omwe anasonkhana ku Cafe of Poets ku Tverskaya Street. Pali msonkhano pakati pa Antokolsky ndi V. Bryusov, omwe ankakonda ndakatulo za wolemba woyamba, ndipo mu 1921 iye anafalitsa ntchito zake zoyamba. V. Bryusov sanali wolemba ndakatulo wokha, komanso wolemba bwino kwambiri, pansi pa utsogoleri wake adakhazikitsa bungwe lolemba ndakatulo ku Moscow, lomwe linathandiza kwambiri achinyamata a Antokolsky. Pano iye adayang'anira ntchito ndikukhulupilira kuti adzakwaniritsidwe. Zolemba zoyambirira za ndakatulo zinali zodzaza ndi chikondi ndi zokondweretsa ndi masewero. Choncho, ndakatulo yakuti "François Villon" komanso "Ochita Zochita" amasonyeza maloto ndi malingaliro a munthu wa zisudzo. Koma pang'onopang'ono woimba nyimbo wa Antokolsky amayamba kulira. Pang'onopang'ono pali kukhwima, kalembedwe ndi kachitidwe kake ka mlembi amapezeka.

Pa tsiku loyamba la Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu, Pavel Antokolsky akupereka pempho lokhala membala ku CPSU, kuyambira nthawi ino akuyamba, malinga ndi iye, moyo watsopano. Zowopsya za nkhondo zimayambitsa cholembera cha ndakatulo, muzaka izi iye amalemba zambiri. Kuwonjezera pa ndakatulo, iye amapanga zolemba, amagwira ntchito ngati msilikali wa nkhondo, amayenda pambali pambali ndi gulu la ochita masewera komanso ngati mtolankhani. Nkhondo itatha, Antokolsky akupitiriza kulembera pa nkhani zofunika kwambiri za anthu, pali mabuku a ndakatulo "Mphamvu ya Vietnam", "Olemba ndakatulo ndi nthawi", "The Tale of Bygone Years", yomwe yakhala chitsanzo cha ndakatulo za Soviet.

Cholowa chamwini

Pafupifupi moyo wake wonse wa kulenga, Pavel Antokolsky, amene chithunzi chake chiri mu buku lililonse lolembedwa pa Soviet mabuku, analemba zolemba zisanu ndi zinayi za ndakatulo, ndakatulo zingapo ndipo anafalitsa mabuku anayi. Bukhu lirilonse la ndakatulo ndi ntchito yonse, yodzala ndi malingaliro ozama ndi zozizwitsa za wolemba. Chilengedwe chotchuka kwambiri cha Antokolsky ndi ndakatulo yakuti "Mwana", yolembedwa za imfa ya msilikali amene adafera pamaso pa mwana wake. Nthanoyi inabweretsa mbiri ya ndakatulo ndi Stalin Prize. Za chidwi chopanda kukayikira ndizolembedwa zolembedwa ndi mphamvu ya kusintha kwa French: ndakatulo yonena za Francois Villon, za Commune, ndakatulo "Robespierre ndi Gorgon", "Sansculot". Mndandanda womaliza wa ndakatulo "The End of the Century" ukufalitsidwa mu 1977 ndipo ndi kufotokozera zotsatira za moyo.

Kusandulika

Pavel Antokolsky anapereka zambiri zomwe analenga pojambula ntchito yomasulira. Ngakhale kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, Antokolsky anapita ku mayiko ena a Armenia, Azerbaijan ndi Georgia ndipo amakonda chikhalidwe chawo. Kenaka ntchito yake ikuyamba kumasulira ndondomeko ya dziko la mayikowa ku Russian. Zambiri mwazochita zake ndimasulidwe m'ma 60 ndi 70. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito za olemba Chijojiya, Chiyukireniya, Armenian ndi Azerbaijani, amamasulira mabuku ambiri achifalansa. M'masulira ake pali magulu a "Civic ndakatulo ya France", "Kuchokera kwa Bernage kupita ku Eluard", chiphunzitso chofunikira "Zaka mazana awiri za ndakatulo zachi French".

Moyo waumwini

Wolemba ndakatuloyu anakhala moyo wolemera kwambiri komanso wautali. Anali paubwenzi ndi anzake monga Mr. Tsvetaeva, K. Smionov, E. Dolmatovsky, N. Tikhonov, V. Katayev. Antokolsky anali wokwatira kawiri. Mkazi woyamba - Natalia Shcheglova - anabereka mwana wake Natalia ndi mwana wake Vladimir, yemwe anamwalira mu 1942 kutsogolo. Pambuyo pake anakhala wojambula komanso anakwatiwa ndi ndakatulo Leon Toom. Agogo a Antokolsky Andrew anakhala pulofesa wa sayansi, akugwira ntchito ku Brazil. Mkazi wachiwiri - Zoya Konstantinovna Bazhanov - anali wojambula, koma adapatulira moyo wake wonse kuti atumikire mwamuna wake. Pavel Antokolsky, akazi ake, ana, zidzukulu akhala akugwirizanitsidwa ndi bizinesi yaikulu ya moyo wake - ndakatulo. Nyumbayi inali mwambo weniweni wa Master. Kumapeto kwa moyo, Antokolsky anatsala yekha, mkazi wake anamwalira, anzake anali ndi moyo. Anathera nthawi yambiri ku dacha. Wandakatuloyu anamwalira pa October 9, 1978, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda ku manda a Vostryakovskoe ku Moscow.