Yenisei Mtsinje: makhalidwe ndi malongosoledwe. Kugwa ndi otsetsereka a Yenisei Mtsinje

Yenisei ndi umodzi wa mitsinje wamkulu osati Russia koma dziko lonse. Geographical malo madzi - m'dera la Siberia. Yenisei umachokera ku Ocean Arctic zikwi makilomita mpaka ku Nyanja Kara. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti dzina amachokera mawu "Ionessi" kuti Evenk chilankhulo amatanthauza "madzi chachikulu". Nawonso Big Yenisei ankatchedwa Bij-Betelehemu ndi Small - Kaa-Khem.

Kufotokozera madzi

Pakamwa pa Yenisei Mtsinje limachokera ku nyanja wotchedwa Kara-Balyk, limene lili m'dera lamapiri la kum'mawa Sayan Mountains. Malo awa ndi gwero la Bii-Khem. Ndi za kwa Kaa-Khem, ali makhwawa angapo Mongolia. Pophatikizana chikuchitika pa gombe la m'kamwa mwa mzinda wa Kyzyl.

Kufotokozera Mtsinje Yenisei chidwi choyamba m'dera la dziwe. Chifukwa chotero kukula chidwi Hema madzi ndi mwa asanu makhwawa waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Mu Russia, yokulirapo lonse amawerengedwa yekha ob. M'dera madzi a Yenisei kangapo lalikulu kuposa maiwe ophatikizana wa Volga ndi Dnieper. Pa kapangidwe ake, mtsinjewo asymmetrical ndi m'goli. Ambiri lamanja la olamulira chapakati. Asymmetry zimatheka kuyamika makhwawa yaikulu ngati Tunguska ndi Angara. Kufotokozera Mtsinje Yenisei zofunika kuyamba ndi kulekana ake lawolawo. Lero, kusiyanitsa pakati chapamwamba, m'munsi ndi pakati mbali ya beseni ndi. Chifukwa cha chizindikiro ngati olekanitsa, anthu ambiri amayamba kusokoneza, kumene Yenisei mtsinje pa malo miyala. Ndipotu, madzi umayamba Siberia ndi Mongolia, monga mwawamba. Pankhani ya Upper Yenisei, m'litali ndi pafupifupi 600 Km ndipo akuyamba ku nsonga ya confluence a Kaa-Khem ndi Bii-Khem. Wapakati mbali ya mtsinje ili pa Angara mtsinje Krasnoyarsk yosungirako. Betelehemu pansi ndi motalikitsa lonse. Iwo itha Ayenela-Port, pafupi Cape Sopochnaya Hag.

Features dziwe

Kutalika kwa Yenisei mtsinje confluence wa Bii-Khem ndi Kaa-Khem ndi za 3487 makilomita. The utali wonse wa thamanda ku mfundo furthest ya gwero ndi wofanana 4287 Km. Kutalika kwa malo madzi, yomwe ili m'dera la Russia ndi mu osiyanasiyana mpaka 4123 Km.

Mu hydrology pali chinthu monga kutalika kwa waterway lapansi. Pamafunikanso mabeseni chofunika kwambiri ndi mwa njira iliyonse zokhudzana ndi mtsinje yeniyeni. Pankhani ya Yenissei kutalika ngati njira kungakhale njira kuti Ider kuphatikizapo Baikal. chithunzi Uku 5550 makilomita.

Malo okwana madzi anatsimikiza Hema 2580 zikwi mamita lalikulu. Km. Malinga ndi dziwe ili chizindikiro ndi pachikhalidwe chiwiri mu dziko. Chinthu china chofunika ndi kugwa ndi otsetsereka a Yenisei Mtsinje. Kuti kugwira ntchito zowerengetsa choyamba kudziwa katundu woyamba. Kugwa ndi otsetsereka a Yenisei Mtsinje - magawo vzaimoperemennye ndi modalirana. Kudziwa anapangira zinthu zofunika ndi msinkhu wa gwero (3.3 km) ndi pakamwa (0 km). Kuyambira woyamba phindu lachiwiri ndi subtracted, ndipo amautembenuzira 3300 mamita Chotsatira ndi kudziwa kutalika kwa mtsinje -. 4287 Km. Tsopano 3300 akufufuta 4287 anamasuliridwa chifukwa phindu ppm. Choncho, kugwa ndi ofanana kukondera Yenissei mtsinje 3.3 Km ndi 0,77 m / Km motero.

Kapangidwe ka njira

Malirewo chilengedwe cha mtsinje akuti ndi olamulira a kulekana kwa East ndi West Siberia. Dziwani kuti ambiri anasiya banki ya Hema ndi lokwererapo, ndi banki bwino - mu nayonso lamapiri. Pool ili mu angapo nyengo. Kotero kuli mtsinje Yenisei, ngati zimbalangondo ake m'munsi kumalo ozizira, ndipo mu chapamwamba - ngamila? gwero Geographical m'dera madzi mzinda wa Kyzyl. Kumeneko merges Big ndi Small Yenisei.

Woyamba makilomita 188 mtsinje wa mtunda ndi matendawa, kosatherapo kugawanika kotereku kumachitika. Mu gawo ili la beseni m'lifupi zimasiyanasiyana 100 mpaka 650 mamita pa kuya wapakatikati mpaka 12 m. Apa kusiya ndi kukondera Yenissei Mtsinje pafupifupi ziro. Komanso, dera madzi ukufanizidwa pa mosungiramo m'dera SHUSHENSKAYA HPP. Pakuti mapiri Sayan njanji anaŵerama zikuchepa otsalira kufikira Mainskaya HPP 290 Km. The mosungiramo waukulu mu njira Hema ndi Krasnoyarsk. m'litali ndi za 360 Km. M'lifupi mwa chigwa m'madera ena oposa 5 Km. Koma kama, ndi za 500 meters. Pafupi m'kamwa mwa wotsika Tunguska dziwe zambiri kwambiri - mpaka 40 Km, ndi pa Ayenela Porta - mpaka 150 Km. Pankhaniyi, njira akuzisunga kukula kwake mu osiyanasiyana 2500 ndi 5000 m. Kuya kwa mtsinje zimasiyanasiyana 5 mpaka 30 m. Mdani wotsiriza pamaso nyanja zilumba Brekhovskie kuti kugawanitsa njanji mu kuchuluka kwa ducts. M'lifupi okwana njirayi 50 Km. Mapeto kufika njira ndi Kara Sea. Iwo chikugwirizana ndi malaya Yenisei Gulf.

Features madzi

Mtsinje Yenisei malangizo m'mbali: kum'mwera kwa kumpoto. Hema madzi a mtundu wa kudya losanganikirana. mlingo uwu anatsimikiza ndi chiyambi cha mitundu. A chiwerengero chachikulu katundu dziwe - chisanu, ndi 48%. Komanso pali mvula makhwawa - 36% ndi nthaka - 16%. Mphamvu chizindikiro ndiye gwero la madzi a okhutira madzi. Anthu amenewa, nayenso, zimadalira otaya mtsinje.

Yenisei akuyamba amaundana kumayambiriro October. Beseni aumbike pambuyo pake amphamvu ayezi kunyema, amene kumatenga mpaka mapeto a November. M'madera lamapiri pali zambiri lalikulu ayezi. M'chaka ndi nthawi mafunde, pa nthawi yangozi. Mu madzi chapamwamba kawirikawiri kwambiri osefukira midzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja mpaka kalekale mpaka m'ma chilimwe. Otsika mowa madzi zimawonedwa mu gwero la mtsinje - 1009 kiyubiki mamita. m / s, wapamwamba - mu Igarka (oposa 18,000 kiyubiki mamita / gawo.). Kumbali ya runoff Betelehemu lili pa nambala yoyamba dziko. Voliyumu ya pachaka zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa kiyubiki mamita 630.

Makhwawa ndi merging

M'kamwa mwa Yenisei Mtsinje ndi homogeneous Komabe, njira zina nthawi zonse chikugwirizana ndi mabeseni aakulu. The makhwawa kwambiri ndi lalikulu Hema ankaona Abakan, Sym, Kantegir, Elohim, ndi Heti, Dubches, Tanama, Tuba, Sisim, Tunguska, Ife Bakht, Kureika, Angara, Dudinka, Kebezh, Haytayka ndi ena. Total madzi m'dera adzagwa mitsinje oposa 500, amene okwana kutalika ndi pafupifupi 300 zikwi makilomita.

Ndi dera la inflows bwino kwambiri ukulamulira kumanzere. Nawu tributary yaikulu ya mtsinje Angara. Komabe, kamodzi mu zaka 10-12, m'munsi Tunguska patsogolo kuda ake pachaka. Chifukwa ntchitoyi mobisa hydrological otaya ndi kusungunuka chisanu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pambuyo kufika confluence ndi Angara imatengedwa masiku Yenisei hangar. Mfundo lonse ndi wapamwamba zizindikiro monga kutolera ndi kumwa m'dera madzi. Komabe, asayansi Russian kuitana malowa ndi Yenisei-Angara. Mtsinje confluence limapezeka pa mlingo woyenerera.

chachikulu Yenisei

Izi malo madzi ndi malo apadera mu dongosolo hydrological la Russia. Mtsinjewo oposa 605 Km ndi malo okwana beseni kuti mamita lalikulu 56,8 zikwi. Km. Wapakati mowa madzi ndi kuzungulira 585 kiyubiki mamita. m / s. Mkhalidwe umenewu amasonyeza mlingo wa mtsinje Yenisei okwana runoff Khem beseni. Ankaona kuti gwero la nyanja wotchedwa Kara-Balyk. Ake okwera ndi 1521 m. Mtsinje The akuti ndi mbali utsogoleri wa Republic of Tuva. Kutumiza njira akutambasula kwa makilomita 285 kuchokera m'kamwa mwake. Tikumbukenso kuti mbali ya malo okwezeka madutsidwe. Ndi chifukwa linali lalikulu ndi kuya Todzha beseni. mpumulo wake limakupatsani kulenga yaikulu catchment m'deralo. Mu Bii-Khem akuthamanga za makhwawa dazeni lalikulu, lalikulu limene amaonedwa Systyg, Toora ndi Khamsara.

Ambiri a miyala ya gombe lili kumalire a Buryatia ndi Irkutsk. Apa pali wapadera Geological makhalidwe a mtsinje. Yenisei umayenda mwa awatulutsira naini anafooka mapiri. Ndi mtunda loipalo dera limeneli akadali osafikiridwa namwali kwa chimachititsanso mafakitale. Lero lino ukufanizidwa ndi nyanja Azas dziwe, amene ankaona malo chikhalidwe ndi amakopa alendo ochokera padziko lonse.

Mbiri ya navigation

Panopa Yenisei ndi yofunika mayendedwe mtsempha wamagazi ndi Makampani a Russia. The mtsinje kuthamanga ambiri tsiku ziwiya yaikuluikulu. Komabe, chifukwa mtunda zovuta ndi phompho mtsinje bedi madzi amayambira ngozi. Ngakhale mu 1877, anadwala wa Sitima "Thames" ndi bwalo lotchedwa "Kumpoto Kuwala." A anthu okonza onse anatha kupulumuka ochepa. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1892 mpaka mu 1941 chifukwa cha ayezi amphamvu kutengeka za sitima zambirimbiri kumizidwa.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi Yenisei amanyamula chiopsezo makamaka chigumula ake osatha. Chifukwa, ziwiya ambiri mabowo m'madera lamapiri la beseni ndi.

tsoka zachilengedwe

Lero, Mtsinje Yenisei ngozi yaikulu zogwirizana ndi zomera hydropower. anali mankhwala ndi mafuta zoipa mu 2009 mu madzi chifukwa cha litulukira Shushenskogo dziwe. Komanso anawonongedwa zipinda angapo ndipo zipinda siteshoni zofunika. The chifukwa cha tsoka la anthu ambirimbiri zokula antchito HPP.

Chifukwa cha ngoziyi luso lakale, ali osasamalika dzina lake. Litulukira madzi mu 2009 chinali chachikulu anthu ndi chilengedwe tsoka dziko lonse. Only patapita chaka anakwanitsa pang'ono kukonza kuwonongeka kwa ngozi, pafupifupi pafupifupi biliyoni 22 rubles. Mu 2014, boma ali allocated yofanana kwa wamakono wa amagetsi pofuna kupewa mobwerezabwereza tsoka.

malo wopambana

The mtsinje umadutsa midzi monga Sayanogorsk, Kyzyl, Abakan, Krasnoyarsk, Novoselovo, Zheleznogorsk, Cheryomushki, Turukhansk, Divnogorsk, Ayenela-Port, Minusinsk, Karaus ndi ena. Pakati pa mizinda pali ambiri milatho ikuluikulu. The zatsopano za zimenezi akuti kukhala kulambalala yopita kwa M53 msewu.

Pafupifupi onse madzi a midzi Yenisei tili nawo malowedwe athu kwa nyanja. Izi facilitates mayendedwe a katundu wolemera. Pa mtsinje m'ngalande ntchito yomweyo 3 hydropower zomera kupereka magetsi lonse dera.