Psychological ndi maphunziro thandizo - ndi ... Munthu thandizo: tanthauzo ndi mbali

Kodi maganizo ndi maphunziro thandizo? ndi makhalidwe ake chiyani? Mfundo imeneyi ndi zogwirizana Choncho, tiyenera kuphunzira zambiri.

Chikhalidwe ndi kulunjika

Mothandizidwa zosiyanasiyana zinthu chowawa ana nthawi ndi vuto la chitukuko, pali miyambo ina yofanana osiyana mu chitukuko lathupi ndi maganizo, pali chisokonezo kwambiri khalidwe.

A kungasokoneze sukulu kupereka zinthu chikhalidwe. Pamaso masukulu atsopano vuto - uweme kufika kwa maphunziro ndi maphunziro ndondomeko, pomanga mitundu nzeru mapangidwe.

Atsatire mfundo izi kumapeto, pali vutoli kwambiri maganizo ndi chidziwitso kukula kwa mwanayo. Zotsutsana kunabweretsa mavuto aakulu ndi maphunziro a ana, panali maladjustment sukulu.

Polankhula

Kuthetsa izo, panafunika khama anzake a akatswiri ambiri, ntchito ya luso chikhalidwe, mankhwala ndi m'maganizo. Full thandizo psycho-maphunziro limakupatsani kuthetsa mavuto kuzindikiridwa m'njira yake kupereka ana mothandizidwa ndi zofunika.

History njira zoweta zovuta

Mu dziko lathu, ndi anzawo a mwana anaonekera okha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma lomaliza. The "thandizo" akuti anali koyamba mu 1993 ndi T. Cherednikova. thandizo maganizo pa mbali Integrated ankaona asayansi ambiri Russian ndi ophunzitsa, kuphatikizapo LM Shipitsyn, NDI Yakimanskaya.

Zizindikiro za nkhawa ndi mmene kuthetsa anaphunzira AI Zakharov, Freud. Pa nthawi yaitali, akatswiri a maganizo ndakufotokozerani zimayambitsa woona wa zodabwitsazi, akuyesera kuti apeze njira yothetsera mavuto. Mabuku thandizo - osakaniza diagnostics ndi chilangizo ndi osauka mapulogalamu kuthetsa mavuto omwe afunsidwa.

thandizo oyambirira

Pofuna kukhazikitsa kwathunthu kuchita maphunziro a anthu mu pedagogy Russian anayamba kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa nkhaniyi, ndi kuthandizira kale munthu wa ana. Izo umalimbana chizindikiritso oyambirira a ana pangozi, ana anaimba kusankha wophunzira aliyense wa njira zawo zachitukuko.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza mwambo woyamba Russian zamaganizo msonkhano sukulu, imene kusanthula njira zothandiza kuthandiza ana wapadera. Taganizirani zovuta thandizo maganizo inseparably akhala ogwirizana ndi wamakono wa dongosolo la maphunziro, tinganene kuti mfundo za kudziletsa chitukuko cha ana.

Chifukwa cha maganizo ndi mankhwala malo maphunziro, misonkhano yapadera kusamalira ana ndi makolo akalandire chithandizo mabuku. Vuto mwana anali chandamale kwa madokotala, aphunzitsi, akatswiri a maganizo.

zenizeni panopa

Panopa mabuku thandizo - ntchito mwadongosolo akatswiri angapo, kuthetsa mavuto mu khalidwe la wophunzira aliyense. Kwambiri zovuta psycho-pedagogical dongosolo thandizo anapanga m'madera ambiri a dziko, analenga Nawonso achichepere kudzera amene amapezeka kutsatira ana wapadera pamene iwo amapita okhala limodzi ku dera lina la Russia.

Ntchito ya ntchito

Popeza kuti anzawo - ndi dongosolo kuti ri zotsatira za ntchito ndi maphunziro, ndi kumanga zaumoyo, ndi MVD. Zotsatira za maphunziro zowerengera amasonyeza kuti dongosolo anakhazikitsa miyezo umbanda chiwerengero cha repeaters utachepa kwambiri, chepetse chiwerengero cha zolakwa, ana kuli anayamba kusonyeza khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka.

Cholinga cha thandizo

thandizo Pedagogical ana umalimbana chilengedwe cha zinthu zimenezi chikhalidwe ndi yophunzitsa imene wophunzirayo aliyense osachepera anali ndi mwayi kukhala ophunzira mwakhama zinthu zonse zikuchitika mu sukulu. Mwana amakhala ndi mwayi ndi mumtima mwawo dziko lomwe, kuti mutuwo, kumanga ubale ndi ana ena.

Ngati anzawo kumangidwa ndi maonekedwe zaka mwana, anapanga maphunziro ndi kuphunzira chilengedwe kuti idzalimbikitsa bwino maphunziro, zogwirizana chitukuko "zovuta" wophunzira.

mfundo thandizo

Mtengo waukulu wapatsidwa posankha mwanayo munthu, kuthekera kukhalanso munyengo zosiyanasiyana.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono nzeru maphunziro, thandizo sukulu ntchito ikuchitika kulankhulana bwino ndi makolo, aphunzitsi, ogwira ntchito zaumoyo.

Akamanena za ntchito lagona mu kufala kwa chinsinsi mwana kuti njira yake, ntchito, maganizo zinsinsi. Mawonekedwe mwana asananyamuke ndi luso cholinga, akukonza njira kukwaniritsa izo, dongosolo la makhalidwe, luso yosanthula ntchito zawo.

An wamkulu kumathandiza mwana kukatenga m'maganizo, udindo poyerekezera ndi zochitika yozungulira izo.

Madera a ntchito

Popeza kuti thandizo - ndi ndondomeko zofunika ndi udindo, n'zosatheka popanda kusankha malo enieni a ntchito. Makamaka chofunika reorientation wa maganizo kukonzanso maphunziro a mwanayo, kusintha luso wogwila m'njira zabwino.

Mwachitsanzo, kuchita pulogalamu maphunziro, maphunziro masewera yapadera, imene mwana ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa chidziwitso ongolankhula.

Njira ngati zimenezi ndi zofunika chidziwitso cha ophunzira a iwo okha "Ine", makhalidwe awo, komanso kupeza luso wodzilamulira kusanthula kudziletsa kusintha.

Masewero luso, zimene ana ndi mavuto, kuphunzira kutuluka iwo, kuthandiza agwera mu moyo weniweniwo. Ophunzira ayamba kuona zotsatira zonse za zochita zawo, amadziwa khalidwe loipa rethinking ya makhalidwe abwino. Kumvetsa zomwe zotsatira aakulu angakhale nthenda khalidwe, kuzindikira za choonadi cha imfa ya okondedwa amathandiza kupendanso mbali khalidwe.

Pomaliza

thandizo mabuku ophunzira ndi mbali yofunika ya dongosolo ano maphunziro. Mogwirizana zenizeni panopa, ana ndi mavuto aakulu khalidwe, retardation maganizo amakhala akuluakulu, ayenera munthu njira, thandizo katswiri wa akatswiri.

Panopa chitukuko cha njira yatsopano yomanga dongosolo lalikulu la ntchito methodical a zamaganizo ndi aphunzitsi. Mfundo yaikulu ya ntchitoyi ndi kusamutsa ophunzira maluso kuti awapatse mpata waukulu bwino kusukulu, dongosolo kudziwa bwino kuzisunga kukumbukira ake.

Personal wokonda njira NDI Yakimanskaya monga zikulu- kufunika kuchitira chitukuko cha psycho-pedagogical dongosolo la mapangidwe wophunzira payekha, kulembetsa mokakamiza makhalidwe wake, payekha.

Chotero malo kutsatira zachokera zofuna ndi zosowa za mwana aliyense izo amaganizira chitukuko maganizo.

Lingaliro la thanzi maganizo ndi maganizo a ana, akufuna IV Dubrovin, wosasamalira ngati osiyana nkhani nkhani ya ntchito ya zamaganizo mavuto onse zokhudza mapangidwe umunthu mu malo osiyana maphunziro.

sukulu zokhudza umoyo maganizo, awaonera kutukula yachibadwa mwanayo. Patsogolo zapatsidwa kwa kupewa mavuto omwe munapeza, kuphatikizapo polojekiti, maphunziro danga uphungu.

Akutukuka maphunziro DB Elkonin zachokera kufunika kupanga m'malo amene mwanayo osati akhoza kuphunzira nzeru ndi luso, komanso kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi luso kwambiri anthu.

Ndi sukulu mu malo oyamba amakhudza boma maganizo a ana, choncho posachedwapa chotero kusamala kwambiri linaperekedwa kwa polojekiti sukulu. The zamaganizo mgwirizano mwana ndi aphunzitsi kusukulu, makolo, ana amalola chizindikiritso yake ya mavuto osiyanasiyana, kupeza njira zomveka za kuwonongedwa awo ndi kupewa mkulu amasankha.