Arthropod nyama ndi amgwirizano chosokonekera cha thupi: malongosoledwe, makhalidwe

About kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za mtundu Padziko Lapansi ndi arthropods. Iwo amakhala mu madzi atsopano ndi mchere, mobisa ndi pamwamba pake, ndipo ambiri a iwo amasamukira kudzera mu mpweya. Khalidwe arthropods? Zitsanzo za nyama, malongosoledwe awo ndi mbali ya dongosolo la mudzapeza m'nkhani ino.

arthropods ndi ndani?

Arthropods - mmodzi wa magulu ambiri kwambiri ndipo osiyanasiyana mu nyama. Izi zikuphatikizapo pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri mitundu. chiwerengero chawo zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse chifukwa atulukira mitundu yatsopano.

Mu arthropods mndandanda zikuphatikizapo nkhanu, arachnids, tizilombo ndi centipedes. Iwo padziko nyengo zonse za padziko lapansi, kuyambira kotentha otentha, mpaka kuchigawo cha Arctic ndi Antarctic. Oyimira a gulu limeneli moyo m'zipululu, nkhalango, zithaphwi mchere ndi zimadalirana ena. Ena mwa iwo omasuka ndi m'nyumba za anthu.

Popeza arthropods moyo pafupifupi mapangidwe zonse ndi zigawo za dziko lathuli, maonekedwe awo ndipo anatengera kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi osiyana kwambiri. Miyeso osiyanasiyana millimeters kwa mamita angapo. Njira chakudya komanso zosiyana kwambiri. Ena mitundu ali yekha zolusa, ena M'malo mwake, zamiyendo Inayi. Ena majeremusi necrophagia (miimba) kapena filtrates.

Kodi wamba pakati arthropod?

Iwo ali osiyana funso n'lakuti: N'chifukwa chiyani anaganiza mu gulu lomwelo? Ndipotu, arthropods ndi nyama zofanana. thupi lawo ndi miyendo ndi segmented ndi ogaŵikana m'madipatimenti (Tagme), kapena zigawo. N'chifukwa chiyani dzina ndi.

Mitundu ambiri mutu ndi madipatimenti ingapo ophatikizidwa mu chimodzi, kupanga cephalothorax. nthambi kuyambira mbali m'munsi mwa mimba kapena cephalothorax. Iwo kupuma mapapo, trachea kapena makutu. Mitsempha ya magazi si chatsekedwa ndipo zipita M'mimbamo thupi. Iwo kubereka kuika mazira, kapena caviar. Mphutsi amakonda osiyana ndi a anthu achikulire.

Arthropods - nyama ndi amgwirizano chosokonekera. Kunja, lamanja ndi kumanzere amachepetsa matupi awo amaoneka mofanana. Onsewo ndi mafupa kunja. Ndi wochepa thupi koma amphamvu cuticle wa chitin. Iye sakunena kutambasula, ndi kukula kwa nyama resets kuti kukula ina. Zimenezi zimatchedwa moult.

millipedes

Mwina zoipa kwambiri kwa magulu arthropod nyama anthu - centipedes. Zikuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana centipedes, wamba flycatcher, drupes, millipede, ndi zina zotero. D. Ambiri, ang'ono (10 cm), koma mitundu kukula masentimita 35 m'litali.

dzina lawo yilungamitsidwa kwathunthu, chifukwa pa millipedes nthawi zina awiriawiri mazana awiri miyendo. Iwo amakonda malo achinyezi ndi moyo mu nkhalango pansi makungwa a mitengo, pansi Moss ndi miyala ndi nthambi wakugwa, koma angakhale mu youma, m'madera otentha. Kukopa iwo ndi mabafa nyumba.

Masana nyama ndi kubisala nooks ndi usiku tuluka kusaka. Millipedes - adani. Iwo ankadya ntchentche, mphemvu, akangaude, utitiri ndi nyama zina zazing'ono. Poona ngozi, iwo unagwa ndi mphete, ndi pa zopangitsa kumbuyo secrete poizoni kapena kufumbwa kwa adani zinthu: ayodini, quinone acid hydrocyanic. Anthu ndi ziweto njoka awo si owopsa, ngati si matupi awo sagwirizana yekha ndi redness pang'ono amakhalabe ku kuluma.

Arachnids

Arachnids kalasi chimakwirira akangaude osati kokha, komanso nkhupakupa solpug, zinkhanira, zhgutikonogov, pseudoscorpions ndi T. D. ambiri anthu ake zapamtunda, ngakhale mitundu ina ya akangaude nthata moyo mu matupi a madzi. Iwo sizachilendo m'madera onse a dziko kupatula Antarctica. Zinkhanira padziko m'dera ndi nyengo yofunda kapena wotentha. Ena akangaude nthata moyo ngakhale kumadera kumalo ozizira ndi subpolar.

Kukula kwa kangaude kufika mazana microns (ena nthata) kwa 20-30 masentimita (zinkhanira, solpugi, tarantulas). thupi lawo lagawidwa cephalothorax ndi pamimba. Iwo yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa nogoschupalets (pedipal), zibwano m'kamwa (chelicerae) ndi awiriawiri zinayi miyendo.

Pa zinkhanira chigawo chachiwiri cha thupi ndi elongated ndipo akufanana ndi mchira. Kumapeto kwa "mchira" ndi gawo laling'ono la singano. Izo limatulutsa poizoni. pedipaly awo anawonjezera ndipo kumathandiza za chiombankhanga kugwila nyama.

Akungodumpha kangaude, ndi mitundu ina ya nthata kudyetsa zomera. Onse a Kangaude - adani. Iwo kudya tizilombo ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono. Ena agwire nyama zawo, akusowetsa ake, ena kumanga misampha mu mawonekedwe a ukonde.

Iwo kutilepheretsa nsikidzi ochitiridwayo, ndiye pafupifupi onse ndi owopsa. Osati ziphe onse amphamvu zokwanira bwanji anthu. Oopsa ndi kulumidwa amasiye wakuda, argiop, tarantulas, akangaude Lalitali mchenga.

tizilombo

Tizilombo - kalasi ochuluka kuposa arthropods, nyama ndi amgwirizano thupi chosokonekera. Tsegulani mitundu yoposa miliyoni. Izi ndi mitundu yonse ya kafadala ndi agulugufe, ntchentche, nyerere, chiswe, mphemvu, njenjete, ziwala ndi zina zotero. D.

Mbali yaikulu ya tizilombo ambiri poyerekeza nyama zina arthropod amatha kuuluka. Dragonflies ndi zina ntchentche kufulumizitsa kuti mamita 15 pa mphindi. Anthu tizilombo mapiko Sakuthamangira padziko kapena kulumpha kusuntha (utitiri, ziwala).

Iwo amakhala m'mabanja chosiyana, ngakhale m'madzi. Ena moyo moyo wake onse (kafadala pamadzi, kafadala whirligig, tizirombo, striders madzi), ena - chabe nthawi zina mu chitukuko (dragonflies, caddisflies, pennywort). miyendo yawo kusinthidwa kotero kuti alole nyama momasuka Wopanda pamodzi ndi pamwamba pa madzi.

Tizilombo moyo singly kapena magulu. Iwo kudya onse zomera ndi nyama chakudya, zamoyo akufa ndi nyama zinyalala chikhalire. Kukafunafuna chakudya Angakugonjetseni mazana makilomita patsiku (dzombe).

tizilombo Social akhoza pamodzi ikuluikulu, amene amagwira ntchito ufumu bwino ndi gulu la ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, moyo nyerere, njuchi, chiswe, njuchi.

nkhanu

nkhanu Gulu chimakwirira oposa 70 000 mitundu, Pakati pali nsomba zazinkhanira, nkhanu, nkhanu, nkhanu za mtundu ndi nyama zina. Ambiri a iwo okhala madzi ndi mchere. Woodlice ndi ena nkhanu amakonda m'madera lonyowa m'dziko.

nkhanu onse ndi mitundu iwiri iwiri ya tinyanga (mlongoti ndi antennule) ndipo ziwalo zawo pa malekezero bifurcated. Iwo kupuma ambiri makutu. Kwa ena oimira kuwombola mpweya amapezeka kudutsa pamwamba pa thupi. Barnacles ndi zipatso zokwana nyanja immobile moyo, pokhala Ufumuyo miyala, miyala ndi pamalo ena.

Ndi chikhalidwe cha mphamvu, nkhanu ambiri - filtrates. Iwo kudya tizilombo ting'onoting'ono monga zomera, detritus. Komanso, kudya nyama zakufa, kuchotsa mchere. Nkhono okha ndi chakudya cha nsomba ndi nyama za m'madzi.

Munthu amagwiritsa iwo chakudya. M'mayiko unali pafupi ndi nyanja, nkhono adzanyamule gawo lalikulu la nsomba lapansi. barnacle A ndi chimodzi mwa zakudya mtengo kwambiri mu dziko.