Neurophysiology - ndi chiyani ichi? Ndizosowa neurophysiology

Neurophysiology - gawo la Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa kuti amaphunzira wamanjenje dongosolo ndi manyuroni, ndiwo waukulu structural mayunitsi ake. Iwo kugwirizana ndi maganizo, ethology, neuroanatomy, komanso sayansi zina zambiri kuti kuphunzira ubongo. Komabe, izi tanthauzo ambiri. M'pofunikanso kuti mukulitse ndi kulabadira zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi nkhani imeneyi. Ambiri a iwo.

A mbiri pang'ono

Zinali m'zaka XVII, ulaliki loyamba la ichi (kulibe ndiye) gawo sayansi monga neurophysiology achita patsogolo. Development ndipo iwo sukanakhoza kukhala, ngati osati kudzikundikira zambiri pa histological ndi anatomical dongosolo ya ubongo. Zatsopano kuphunzira gawo latsopano zachipatala anayamba m'zaka za m'ma XIX - kale kuti panali zokamba chabe. Yoyamba atapereka Descartes.

Komabe, zatsopano Poyamba osati woganizira kwambiri. Woyamba asayansi chinthu (Charles F. Bell ndi Magendie) waphunzira kuti pambuyo pa gawo la zapambuyo mizu msana anataya tilinazo. Ndipo ngati womwewo zichitike kutsogolo - amatha zidzatha.

Koma odziwika bwino kwambiri neurophysiological kuyesera (zomwe, poyamba, amadziwika kuti tonsefe) anatha I. P. Pavlov. Zinali iye amene azindikira bongo wabwino, amene anapereka mwayi kwa cholinga chonse cha njira ubongo kuti chidzachitika kotekisi ubongo. Zonsezi - neurophysiology. Apamwamba mantha ntchito, imene tsopano mu funso, ndipo wakhala kuzindikiridwa mu njira ya zatsopano maphunziro mbali ya gawo zachipatala.

kafukufuku wamakono

Mu neurophysiology, mosiyana ndi ubongo, neurobiology ndi sayansi ena onse, ndi limene lili ndi kulumikiza, pali kusiyana kumodzi. Ndipo ichi: Chigawo chino amachita mwachindunji ndi chitukuko cha ongolankhula neuroscience lonse ambiri.

Masiku ano sayansi, monga mankhwala, ndinaponda kutali kwambiri. Ndipo pa nthawi imeneyi ntchito zonse zimamangidwa mu neurophysiology kuphunzira ndi kumvetsa ntchito integrative ya ubongo. Kodi chimachitika ndi thandizo la pamwamba ndi maelekitirodi anapatsa, komanso matenthedwe zikuchitika CNS.

Komabe, anapitiriza kukula kwa kuphunzira njira ma - komanso zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono microelectrode. Izi si zovuta ndi yolemetsa ndondomeko, chifukwa kuti ayambe kuphunzira, muyenera "moyo" ndi microelectrode mkati minyewa ya. Ndi njira yokhayi imene adzalandire mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza chitukuko cha chopinga ndiponso malemeredwe.

elekitironi wamamamayikirosikopu

Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi asayansi masiku ano. Elekitironi wamamamayikirosikopu amapereka mwayi kufufuza momwe zojambulidwazo ndi ndiyotengera ndi kuwapereka mu ubongo wathu. Ndizosowa Neurophysiology kuliphunzira, ndi chifukwa cha luso lamakono, pali kale malo yonse imene asayansi yesezera Intaneti ubongo ndi manyuroni payekha. Choncho, neurophysiology lero - kumakhalanso sayansi zokhudzana cybernetics, bionics ndi zimapangidwira. Ndipo patsogolo ndi zoonekeratu - masiku ano matenda ndi mankhwala wotsatira a khunyu, ofoola ziwalo, sitiroko ndi matenda a minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo ndi chenicheni.

mayesero matenda

Neurophysiology ubongo (monga ubongo ndi msana) ikufotokoza ntchito yake yeniyeni ntchito njira electrophysiological kayesedwe. Experimental ndondomeko - yekha chifukwa zinthu zakunja n'zotheka kukwaniritsa maonekedwe a Zoyenereza zachititsa. Izi bioelectrical chizindikiro.

njira Izi zimathandiza kuti mudziwe za boma zinchito za ntchito ubongo ndi magulu ake kwambiri, ndipo sitingathe akuyendera. Pakali pano, njira imeneyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito neurophysiology matenda. Cholinga kupeza zambiri pa udindo wa machitidwe osiyanasiyana kwenikweni, monga kukhudza, kumva, kuona. Pa nthawi yomweyo timaphunzira misempha mmene zotumphukira ndi pakati.

The ntchito njira lodziwikiratu. Madokotala infomeshoni cholinga mwachindunji ku thupi. Kuchotsa kufunika kumufufuza wodwalayo. Kodi makamaka zilili ndi ana kapena anthu ndi mkhutu manyazi, amene chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo kapena chikhalidwe sangathe kufotokoza maganizo anga mawu.

opaleshoni

Tcheru tisaiwale, ndi nkhaniyi. Pali chinthu monga neurophysiology opaleshoni. Ndi, mwa mawu ena, "ntchito" ukulu. Iye ankachita madokotala neurophysiologists amene mwachindunji pa opaleshoni akuona mmene wamanjenje dongosolo la wodwalayo. Kusintha kumeneku, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi maphunziro electrophysiological ena dongosolo chapakati mantha mwa madera ntchito. Izi, ndi njira, limatanthawuza kuti ndi yaikulu matenda mwambo wotchedwa neuromonitoring.

Njira zachititsa Zoyenereza

Za iye asauze kwambiri. Neurophysiology - mwambo kuti amalola kuti ndipeze zambiri zofunika kuti angathandize mankhwala wodwala. Ndipo njira Zoyenereza zachititsa ntchito kwa zithunzi, lamayimbidwe, Makutu, ndi somatosensory ntchito transcranial.

Akamanena za izo ndi izi: dokotala amasankha ndipo ndi zaka za Zoyenereza anafooka kwa ntchito bioelectric ubongo, amene akutsatira afferent zikuchitika. njira ndi odalirika, chifukwa ikukhudza ntchito aligorivimu umodzi kutanthauzira.

Mwa kufufuza ngati likukhalira kudziwa matenda wodwalayo ubongo wa osiyana, komanso matenda amene anamenya sensorimotor kotekisi ubongo, diso njira conductive, kumva ntchito ndi zina zotero. D. Komanso, kuthekera kuwerengera zotsatira za mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi pa thupi lamunthu kukhala weniweni. Tsopano, pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, likukhalira kuti asa- munthu, kulosera chitukuko ndi kuwerengera Nkosatheka imfa ya ubongo.

specialization

Madokotala, asayansi si madokotala kokha, komanso ndi akatswiri. Maphunziro osiyanasiyana katswiri kungatithandize kudziwa mmene kwambiri mkhutu chapakati mantha dongosolo. Ichi chimapereka njira kukhazikitsa matenda zolondola ndi poika woyenera, chithandizo zolondola.

Mwachitsanzo, ndi mutu wamba - zingakhale ndi zotsatira za spasms mtima ndi kuchuluka intracranial kuthamanga. Koma nthawi zambiri ndi chizindikiro cha chotupa osauka kapenanso ngakhale kukomoka. Mwamwayi, lero pali njira zingapo imene madokotala akuyesera kuti apeze zimene zikuchitika ndi wodwalayo. Pa iwo mukhoza kunena mapeto.

mitundu ya kafukufuku

Choncho, choyamba - ndi akugwirira kapena rheoencephalography monga patchedwa ndi madokotala. Ndi khunyu akugwirira matenda, zotupa, zoopsa, yotupa, ndi matenda cerebrovascular. Chosonyeza kuti rheoencephalography ndi khunyu, zopweteka, nkhani ndi kuyenda akagona, komanso posachedwapa kulephereka ziphe poizoni. Akugwirira ndi phunziro kokha chomwe tingachite ngakhale wodwalayo anakomoka.

REG (electroencephalography) Zimathandizanso kudziwa zimene zimayambitsa pathologies oziziritsa mtima. Chifukwa cha kuphunzira izi likukhalira kuphunzira oziziritsa magazi. Kafukufuku ndi kudutsa ubongo minofu ya chofooka mkulu-pafupipafupi panopa. Yovomereza opanikizika okwera kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi mutu waching'alang'ala. zimatenga sabweretsa chisoni komanso otetezeka.

Electroneuromyographic - atsopano kafukufuku otchuka. Iwo electroneuromyography, amene amafufuza akavulala bwanji zotumphukira neuromotor zida. Zizindikiro ndi miosteniya, myotonia, osteochondrosis, komanso osachiritsika, poizoni ndi yotupa matenda.