Dziko udindo wa zomera: ndichiyani?

Dziko udindo wa zomera akhala zatsimikizira asayansi ambiri. A udindo wapadera mu kuphunzira kwa ndondomekoyi zatenganso Russian kafukufuku Kliment Timiryazev. Ndipo Iye anatsimikizira kuti ndondomeko imeneyi n'kofunika kwambiri. Pa zimene mbali ya kapangidwe zachokera ndi katundu wapadera wa zamoyo ndi zomera zakutchire?

Space udindo wa zomera zobiriwira

zamoyo zonse yodziwika ndi zizindikiro zina. Koma onse ayenera mpweya kwa kupuma. Space zomera ndi udindo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zamoyo zonse mankhwala ofunika. zomera zokha angathe kubala mu ndondomeko wapadera wotchedwa photosynthesis.

oimira chomera: khalidwe mbali structural

N'chifukwa chiyani si zamoyo zina kubala mpweya pa moyo wake? Koma zomera ndi mbali yapadera structural. Choyamba ndi kukhalapo mu maselo a plastids wobiriwira chloroplasts. Padziko lamkati la organelles amatenga ikani ndondomeko ya photosynthesis, amene anatsimikiza ndi udindo dziko la zomera. Mbali khalidwe la oimira ufumu wa chikhalidwe ndi kukhalapo kwa zimam'patsa mapadi mpanda selo. Nkhanizi amapereka mphamvu ndipo stiffness wa zida pamwamba. Monga michere kubwerera mu cytoplasm selo waikamo wowuma granules. polysaccharide Izi aumbike mwa mamolekyulu angapo a shuga apanga ndi dzuwa. Zomera, monga yodziwika ndi kukula malire. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndondomeko ya kusintha kachulukidwe zidzachitika moyo.

Akamanena za ndondomeko ya dzuwa

Choncho, danga gawo la zomera anawonetseredwa mu njira ya photosynthesis. Dzina la ndondomeko izi zikusonyeza dzuwa nawo cheza mu izo. Ndithudi, dzuwa ndi mapangidwe zinthu organic kwa mchere phunziro kwa kupezeka kwa quanta kuwala. Zimachitika okha chloroplasts wobiriwira plastids. Padziko awo mkati anachitira ndi madzi, mpweya. The mankhwala a wapadera mankhwala anachita ndi monosaccharide shuga ndi oxygen. Thunthu ntchito koyamba mu mbewu monga gwero mphamvu zamoyo. Ndipo mpweya zochitika pa njira ya kupuma mwamtheradi zamoyo zonse.

Terms of zosayembekezereka wa dzuwa

Kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala organic ndi mpweya, amene ali ndi udindo danga la zomera padziko lapansi, Zimatheka pamaso pa dzuwa. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti ndi kuchuluka umadalira pa mlingo wa dzuwa. Izo kumawonjezera kuti kuwunikira pa 15,000 lux, ndiyeno apita mu kuchepa. Nyundo ndi kuchepa chibadwidwe kuchuluka kwa dzuwa. Chifukwa, masamba kusintha mtundu ndi kuguluka. Akamanena za ndondomekoyi ndi kusintha kwa plastids mu wobiriwira chikasu ndi mlangali, wotchedwa chromoplasts. Pepala sangathenso kuchita ntchito moyo wawo oyima. Listopad ali ndi phindu zoteteza zomera pa nthawi yozizira, chifukwa ndondomekoyi pafupifupi mabasi transpiration. Ndipotu, kutaya chinyezi pa kuchepa ake ndi opanda nzeru kwambiri.

cheza dzuwa Ndikofunikira pa gawo loyamba la photosynthesis. Iyo imatchedwa - kuwala. Pa nthawi imeneyi panali kudzikundikira mphamvu kuthamanga zosiyanasiyana zovuta mankhwala ndi kutsegula kwa chlorophyll. Pambuyo pake, kuwala ndi sanalinso ofunikira. Apo pakubwera gawo mdima, imene kudzikundikira chakudya chikuchitika. Komanso zinthu kuvomerezedwa dzuwa otaya ndi kukhalapo kwa madzi ndi mpweya.

Photosynthesis: dziko udindo wa zomera

Zomera anachita mkombero chodabwitsa. Iwo amapanga mpweya, zamoyo zonse ntchito mankhwala kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni zinthu organic, chifukwa mu kumasulidwa mpweya. Kuti ndi choyambilira ndi reagent mu ndondomeko ya photosynthesis. Angathe zomera uno wokha. Ndi mtundu wa chakudya ali autotrophs, wokhoza paokha kubala organic. Space udindo wa zomera wobiriwira ndi kuonetsetsa zinthu zofunika kupulumuka kwa zamoyo. Ndipo, ngati kale akukhulupirira kuti nkhalango ndi "mapapo dziko", ndi makamaka gawo yaikulu ya mpweya opangidwa ku dziko nkhani zomera za m'madzi.

Choncho, udindo wa danga mmera pochita ndondomeko ya photosynthesis. Patapita ake mu chloroplasts plastids pamaso pa madzi ndi mpweya amapezeka maonekedwe zamatsenga a shuga ndi mpweya wofunikila kupuma a zamoyo zonse akukhala biosphere lapansi.