Tiziromboti - izo ... majeremusi: zitsanzo, maina zithunzi

Kukhala dziko la dziko lathuli ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi wapadera. N'zovuta kuti abwere ndi chinthu chokongola kwambiri, wangwiro ndi chodabwitsa. Zomera, nyama, bowa, mabakiteriya - onse a iwo m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti azolowere kuli, ndi mbali zawo zapadera. Lililonse thupi amamuchititsa zatenga ake kagawo kakang'ono zachilengedwe, kukhala mbali ya bwalo wonse wa moyo. Choncho, nakonza moti mungathe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zilipo kutero.

magulu Environmental zamoyo monga mwa mitundu ya coexistence

Kumene, okhala m'dera limene chomwecho ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi ofanana mphamvu zoyendetsera, zamoyo zonse akukakamizidwa lililonse, amaimbirana mogwirizana ndi. Onse tingaone mitundu 9 coexistence wa zamoyo:

1. Neutralism - mitundu musati modalirana ndipo osalumikidwa mogwirizana iliyonse.
2. Mpikisano - interspecific ndi intraspecific. Healthy gwero la kuchepetsa masoka chiwerengero cha mitundu, malo adani mu mitundu ina ya nyama ndi zomera.
3. Kudalirana kapena kudalirana - choyimira cha mitundu ubwenzi momwe matanthauzo kugwilizana ndi mzake. Pankhaniyi, phindu ndi zoonekeratu kuti onsewo. Chitsanzo: mycorrhiza ndi mizu ya mitengo, asafe-chikukonzekera mabakiteriya ndi zomera ndi zina zotero.
4. Interspecific mangawawo. Mtundu ubale, imene nthumwi zosiyanasiyana ogwirizana ndi mdani mmodzi, kuthetsa tizilombo tina wina ndi zina zotero D..
5. Commensalism ndi electrophoresis - moyo wa mbuye zazikulu ndi gwero la pogona kapena chakudya kwa ena mitundu, ang'onoang'ono. Vuto amalandira palibe mmodzi kapena ena, ntchito limodzi amaganiza.
6. Amensalizm - moyo wa aliyense wa thupi amasokoneza kuli zachilendo kwa ena. Chitsanzo: Tree ndi udzu pansipa iye samalandira kuwala kokwanira.
7. Parasitism, pamene wina mitundu - mwini, ena - mlendo, kuchititsa mavuto aakulu kwa thanzi ndi moyo wa chamoyo. Maphunziro a majeremusi ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Chisinthiko zamoyo amenewa anatsatira njira ya mgwirizano. Pakati pawo pali oimira onse maufumu a chilengedwe.
8. Predation - kudya mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri chosalimba. Mtengo waukulu - lamulo la chiwerengero cha mitundu ndi kudziyeretsa oimira kudwala ndi kufowoka.
9. Allelopathy - mankhwala kuvutika maganizo pakati pa mitundu ina ya zomera.

Mmodzi wa akuluakulu, zokhudza thanzi la munthu ndi mawonekedwe a zimachitika pakati pa zamoyo ndi parasitism. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

Tiziromboti - ndani izi?

Ngati akuti kwenikweni anawamasulira, amatanthauza "pafupi chakudya", "pafupi ndi chakudya." Izi kale kwakukulukulu anafotokoza mtundu wa zolengedwa. Majeremusi - zamoyo zimene zilipo likuvutika mwiniwake wa moyo, yothetsa mkati kapena kunja ndi kunyeketsa muli. Kuwononga yaikulu, kawirikawiri amapha.

Tiziromboti - ndi amene amakhala kwa ena mu mphamvu yonse ndi kulemekeza. Pali nthumwi amene kuthetsa anthu, nyama, zomera. Chifukwa ambiri matenda kuyambitsa kuledzera ndi poyizoni pang'onopang'ono kupha khamu thupi kuchokera mkati. Maonekedwe ndi dongosolo mkati ndi majeremusi osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Photos ya ambiri mwa iwo Tingaone nkhaniyi. Sami oimira angatanthauze zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Parasitic zomera.
2. Tizilombo timene.
3. Mogwirizana.
4. Nyama.
5. Bowa.
6. Mabakiteriya.

N'zoonekeratu kuti zamoyo ndi pakati ufumu uliwonse. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo kuganizira moyo mbali ya kapangidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa eni.

majeremusi tating'ono

Mamembala zing'onozing'ono magulu izi zachilengedwe a zamoyo. Nthawi zambiri osiyana kwa apoyera. Mbali mu dongosolo la:

• Thupi mawonekedwe nthaŵi zonse, koma siyana chifukwa pakalibe chipolopolo ndi turgor;
• kuchulukitsa onse pogonana ndi asexually (malingana ndi mmene chilengedwe);
• Lili zinthu mwapadera kuti salola kuti iwo m'mimba mwa gulu lake;
• Izo zikhoza kukhala nthawi yaitali mu mkhalidwe anaphonya trimester njira moyo, mtundu wa tulo (cysts)
• kupuma mu pamwamba thupi;
• kusuntha ntchito cilia kapena michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, prolegs.

Mitundu ya mogwirizana parasitic

Tating'ono tiziromboti - ichi kukhala zoopsa, kuchoka anthu ndi nyama ndi mosemphanitsa, kuchititsa angapo matenda aakulu ndiponso zowopsa khamu ake. Zitsanzo ambiri:

• Leishmania;
• trypanosomes;
• Plasmodium falciparum;
• kamwazi amoeba;
• Toxoplasma;
• babesia;
• gregarines ndi ena.

Majeremusi, amene mayina awo ali pamwambawa, iwo apange dzina lofanana ndi matenda anthu ndi nyama, zotsatira amene ngakhale pambuyo chithandizo kukhala aakulu. Zilonda za pakhungu, ndi maonekedwe oipa kwambiri, madera anakhudzidwa ziwalo kunja ndi mkati, kuwonongeka kwa onse boma thupi, kusowa tulo, kukhala osabereka ndi ena ambiri.

Leishmania

Mmodzi wa owopsa zolengedwa zokhala ndi selo imodzi kwa anthu ndi nyama ambiri Leishmania. Chotero tiziromboti - ndi tosaoneka chamoyo ndi chakumapeto kwa thupi la bakiteriya udzakhalire ndi zina - blefaroplast. Chigawo chapakati lili pachimake. Khazikika zilombo izi mu ndulu, chiwindi ndi mafupa. Iwo kudya nkhani za maselo, inhibiting luso moyo. Amatha kuchulukitsa mofulumira, amayamba kuwononga makamu. tizilombo anasamutsa ntchentche zimenezi.

The matenda, omwe amachititsa protozoan tiziromboti otchedwa Leishmania. Iwo angayambe m'njira ziwiri:

• youma;
• kulira.

Iwo akuwonetseredwa mu mabala zamafinya zinangoti pa khungu, mofulumira onse pa thupi. Chithandizo yaitali, olemera, zina nthawi kufika chaka. Main malo yogawa ndi matenda a tiziromboti - India, Italy, China ndi Iran.

trypanosome

Protozoan tiziromboti kuti kumayambitsa matenda aakulu. Ambiri - kaodzera. Trypanosomes kukhalapo mu njira zosiyana. Places malowedwe komanso kuwononga thupi:

• lymph ndi magazi;
• ubongo ndi msana;
• serous madzimadzi.

A chonyamulira cha matenda - ntchentche za kambalame zimafalitsa, nsikidzi. Zimafalikira makamaka Africa. Symptomatology matenda kugona:

• swellings pa khungu, mkati limene kuchulukitsa ndi kukhala ndi majeremusi;
• chizungulire;
• nseru;
• imfa ya mgwirizano;
• ubongo matenda;
• retardation maganizo
• mkulu kutopa;
• chifooke chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi zina zotero.

Mwina m'kupita kwa mawonekedwe kovuta, izo zikutsiriza mu imfa. Kuchiza kwambiri, kwa miyezi ndi zaka. Ndi bwino kuchita kupewa ndi kupanga asanazolowere tiziromboti mu njira mwapadera otukuka.

Majeremusi mwa tizilombo

Palinso ndithu kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zina matenda oopsa kwambiri yoopsa. Ambiri tizilombo:

• nsabwe - akunja thupi majeremusi nyama (kuphatikizapo anthu), angachititse matenda monga Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi;
• utitiri - kuyamwa magazi a zolengedwa magazi ofunda, kuchititsa nthendayo;
• Various ntchentche - chakudya mukhale chopondapo, ndi kuvunda organic zatsalira, chifukwa matenda anthu ndi nyama monga mliri, kamwazi, typhoid, tizilombo ta matenda, chifuwa chachikulu, matenda nyongolotsi parasitic;
• bedi nsikidzi - kuluma kudzera pakhungu, kudyetsedwa ndi magazi, matenda opatsirana, matupi awo sagwirizana;
• malungowa udzudzu - wapakatikati makamu kuti kunyamula plasmodium kuti chimachititsa chitukuko malungo;
• kavalo ntchentche ndi tizilombo timeneto - kumwa magazi a nyama, matenda ndi matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana.

Izi tizilombo - zitsanzo za zamoyo, kumene inu mosavuta panokha ndi banja lanu, ngati inu kusunga ukhondo, ukhondo ndi kukhala ziweto dongosolo.

mbano

The owopsa mwa tizilombo ndi Chongani ofalitsidwa encephalitis. Ndipotu, monga amatchedwa matenda, chitukuko ndi umene ukuchititsa. Ndipotu, tizilombo amatchedwa "nayonso" ndi "galu mudzichonga". The ochepa nyama, mpaka 4 mm m'litali. Komabe, kuluma ake ndi woopsa kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi malovu magazi anthu afika encephalitis HIV. pofuna kukwaniritsa matenda kudzadalira chitetezo cha wovulalayo. Ngati iye ndi mphamvu zokwanira, matenda bbwino. Ngati ayi, zotsatira zake zingakhale kwambiri. Zotsatira ambiri matenda encephalitic:

• malungo;
• kuledzera;
• ubongo;
• meninjaitisi;
• ubongo matenda;
• mavuto a m'maganizo;
• imfa.

N'zoonekeratu kuti loopsa kwambiri ndi zosasangalatsa anthu majeremusi amenewa. Photo mudzichonga Tingaone pansipa.

zomera Parasitic

zomera zonse ndi njira mphamvu autotrophs. Choncho munthu akhoza kuganiza. Komabe, zikuoneka kuti ena a iwo kudyetsedwa heterotrophically, kusakhala ndi majeremusi kapena zolusa. Mitundu yofala moyo likuvutika mwini ndi mavuto mpaka kalekale, ali:

• broomrape;
• dodder;
• rackwheel;
• mistletoe;
• kulira zazikulu;
• rafflesiaceae nthumwi.

Kuthetsa pa mitundu chikhalidwe zomera, tizilombo chitsanzo pamwamba, kuwachititsa matenda aakulu, nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa imfa ndipo kwambiri kuchepetsa zokolola mbewu. polimbana ndi zamoyo otere kukhala wokangalika munthu.

Mitundu ina osati anakakhala zomera wobzalidwa, ndi wina - mitengo, zitsamba, masamba ndi zina zotero. Ndipo basi chifukwa iwo osiyanasiyana matenda, chotsani zakudya ndi madzi, mosatsata moyo.

mistletoe

majeremusi Chitsanzo pa mitengo - mistletoe. Mtundu ambiri - mistletoe utoto. Izo zikuwoneka ndithu zobiriwira ndi wokongola, koma mwiniwake wa kuti imayamwa utomoni, wotumbululuka kwambiri ndi youma. inayambira mistletoe analemba mu korona wa mtengo ndipo motero kupeza mankhwala onse mchere ndi madzi.

Kunja mistletoe ali mawonekedwe a yobiriwira pooti maluwa chitsamba oyenerera pa nthambi kapena korona wa asilikali. Amene mitengo zambiri anakhudzidwa ndi tiziromboti izi?

1. Zipatso mbewu.
2. Birch.
3. Popula.
4. Maples.
5. Pine.
6. Willow.
7. Dzombe.

Anthu wamba ali ndi dzina "mbalame zomatira" ndi "thundu zipatso."

majeremusi Animal

Mwa nyama, parasitic njira ya moyo makamaka mphutsi: wozungulira, mosabisa, ndi ena. Bwanji m'mapapo, mtima, ziwalo m'mimba, magazi ndi dongosolo lymphatic, chiwindi. Nyongolotsi Amasintha moyo mwa thupi kotero kuti sizingawononge kuzibweza iye mwini. Tiziromboti ali:

• wapadera chipolopolo oteteza ku chimbudzi ndi madzi chapamimba;
• mbedza, slinging kapena kukonza zina likhale ndi gulu;
• chosavuta dongosolo ziwalo;
• luso zikupitiriza ndi amodzi a zikwi mazira pa nthawi.

Mphutsi ambiri kuti infest munthu, motere: njoka zam'mimba za matepi, njoka zam'mimba za matepi Bovine ndi pygmy, Ascaris, Trichinella, Dirofilaria, loiasis, schistosomes, whipworm, ndi zina.

Nthawi zambiri ku nyongolotsi parasitic, sukhala ana, popeza msewu masewera kunyalanyaza ukhondo. Ndi magwero yotchuka kwambiri ya kuipitsidwa - nyama, nsomba ndi zina zomanga thupi, amene osakwanira kutentha mankhwala.