Data ndi mfundo za m'mlengalenga. m'mlengalenga

Mpweya - n'zimene zimathandiza moyo padziko lapansi. Mfundo oyambirira ndi mfundo za m'mlengalenga Tibwerera ku pulayimale. Kusekondale, tinali bwino mfundo izi m'maphunziro madera.

Lingaliro la m'mlengalenga

M'mlengalenga pali si dziko lokha, komanso la zina zakuthambo. Chotero anaitana mpweya envelopu ozungulira dziko. The zikuchokera wosanjikiza izi mpweya losiyana mapulaneti zimasiyana. Tiyeni tione mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi mfundo za m'mlengalenga, mwinamwake kudziwika monga mpweya.

Mbali yofunika kwambiri zigawo zake ndi oxygen. Anthu ena kuganiza molakwika kuti m'mlengalenga wapangidwa kwathunthu kwa mpweya, koma kwenikweni mpweya - ndi mipweya. Amakhala 78% asafe ndi 21% oxygen. Mpumulo wa gawo limodzi zikuphatikizapo ozoni, argon, carbon dioxide, nthunzi. Tiyeni kuchuluka kwa mpweya izi ndi zazing'ono, koma kutumikira ntchito yofunika - kuyamwa mbali yaikulu ya cheza dzuwa mphamvu ndipo potero musataye ndi nyale kusintha moyo wonse pa dziko lapansi kuti phulusa. katundu mumlengalenga zikusintha malingana kumwamba. Mwachitsanzo, pa okwera 65 Km ndi 86% asafe ndi mpweya - 19%.

The zikuchokera m'mlengalenga

• Mpweya woipa zofunika zomera zakudya. Mu mlengalenga, zikuoneka chifukwa cha kupuma kwa zinthu zamoyo, lawola, moto. sanamwe mu zikuchokera mlengalenga akanachititsa kosatheka kuti kuli zomera iliyonse.
• Mpweya - kwambiri pa chigawo anthu a m'mlengalenga. kukhalapo kwake ndi chofunika kuti kuli zamoyo zonse. Ndi pafupifupi 20% ya buku okwana mpweya wa mlengalenga.
• Mpweya umene - ndi absorber zachilengedwe cheza dzuwa ultraviolet, lomwe limakhudza anthu zamoyo. Ambiri ndipamene wosanjikiza osiyana m'mlengalenga - chophimba ozoni. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, zochita za anthu kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti ozoni ndi kuyambira kuphwanyaphwanya, koma chifukwa ndi zofunika kwambiri, ntchito yogwira kusamala ndi kubwezeretsedwa.
• Madzi nthunzi limatchula chinyezi. wokhutira zingasiyane malingana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: kutentha mpweya, malo enieni nyengo. Pa otsika kutentha madzi nthunzi mu mlengalenga, pang'ono kwambiri akhoza kukhala peresenti n'komwe, pamene mkulu kuchuluka kwake 4%.
• Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, mu zikuchokera m'mlengalenga ndi zonse kuchuluka zina zosafunika olimba ndi madzi. mwaye ichi, phulusa, nyanja mchere, fumbi, m'malovu madzi, tizilombo. Kugwa mu mlengalenga, angathe zonse achibadwa ndi opangidwa njira.

The zigawo za mlengalenga

Ndi kutentha ndi osalimba ndi khalidwe la mpweya pa misanje osiyana m'goli. Chifukwa cha ichi, anaganiza kuonetsetsa zigawo zosiyana za m'mlengalenga. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe yake. Tiyeni tipeze chimene zigawo za m'mlengalenga amadziŵika:

• Troposphere - wosanjikiza mumlengalenga wapafupi dziko lapansili. kutalika kwake - 8-10 kuchokera pamwamba mitengoyo ndi 16-18 Km - mu kotentha. Pali 90% ya okwana madzi nthunzi kuti alipo mu mlengalenga ali, pali yogwira mtambo mapangidwe. Komanso mu wosanjikiza iyi pali njira monga kayendedwe ka mpweya (mphepo), kugwedezekagwedezeka, convection. Kutentha osiyanasiyana monga madigiri 45 masana mu nyengo yofunda mu kotentha digiri -65 mizati.
• The stratosphere - ndi remoteness wachiwiri kuchokera pansi wosanjikiza m'mlengalenga. Inali pamalo okwera 11 50 Km. Mu wosanjikiza m'munsi mwa stratosphere kutentha pafupifupi -55, malangizo kuchokera kwa dziko lapansi izo limatuluka kuti + 1s. Kudera limeneli limatchedwa inversion ndi kumalire a stratosphere ndi mesosphere.
• mesosphere ili pamalo okwera 50 90 Km. Kutentha pa malire ake m'munsi - za 0, mu malire chapamwamba -80 ...- 90 C.? Meteorites kulowa m'mlengalenga, kwathunthu combusted mu Mesospheric, chifukwa umuna mpweya zimachitika pano.
• Thermosphere ali ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 700 Km. Mu wosanjikiza ichi, m'mlengalenga nacho Aurora borealis. Iwo amaoneka chifukwa cha mpweya ionization ndi cheza dziko ndi cheza wochokera dzuwa.
• Exospheres - woyendera nthambi kupezeka mpweya. Apa, mpweya ndende ang'ono ndi achire awo pang'onopang'ono amapezeka mu malo interplanetary.

The malire pakati pa mlengalenga ndi danga expanses Dziko Lapansi ankaganiza mzere 100 Km. Mbali imeneyi imatchedwa Karman mzere.

kuthamanga mumlengalenga

Kumvetsera Mapa, kaŵirikaŵiri timamva kuwerenga mumlengalenga kuthamanga. Koma kodi mavuto m'mlengalenga, komanso mmene zingakhudzire ife?

Tinkaganiza kuti mpweya ndizo mpweya ndi zosafunika. Aliyense wa zigawo izi kulemera yake, choncho mlengalenga si ndiwachabe, iwo anakhulupirira mpaka m'zaka XVII. Atmospheric kuthamanga - mphamvu zimene zigawo zonse za m'mlengalenga opanikizika pa dziko lapansili ndi nkhani zonse.

Asayansi phunziro kuwerengetsera zovuta natsimikizira kuti mita imodzi lalikulu mpweya wa amayikanikiza ndi mphamvu ya makilogalamu 10.333. Choncho, thupi la munthu akuwululidwa kwa mpweya, kulemera lake matani 12-15. Bwanji timaona? Kumatithandiza kukakamiza mkati amene amakhala kunja. Munthu angathe akukakamizidwa mumlengalenga pa ndege kapena mu mapiri, kuyambira zoipazi mumlengalenga pa okwera a m'munsi. Pankhaniyi, mwinanso kusapeza, kuika makutu, chizungulire.

Chidwi nkhani ndi mfundo

M'mlengalenga azinga lonse, tikhoza kunena zinthu zambiri. Ife tikudziwa za izo kwambiri mfundo chidwi ndi ena mwa iwo ngati zodabwitsa:

• m'mlengalenga lapadziko akulemera 5 300 000 000 000 000 matani.
• Izo facilitates kufala kwa phokoso. Pamalo okwera kuposa 100 Km katundu izi atayika chifukwa kusintha zikuchokera mumlengalenga.
• Movement wa mlengalenga chikwiyire ndi Kutentha m'goli a padziko lapansi.
• Kuti mudziwe kutentha mpweya ntchito thermometer, ndipo kudziwa mphamvu mumlengalenga kuthamanga - barometer.
• Pamaso pa mlengalenga amapulumutsa lathuli ku matani 100 a meteorites tsiku lililonse.
• Air zikuchokera anali atathana ochepa miliyoni zaka mazana, koma anayamba kusintha ndi chiyambi cha ntchito yovuta kupanga.
• Amakhulupirira kuti mpweya imafika mpaka okwera 3000 Km.

Kutanthauza mumlengalenga kwa anthu

Thupi m'mlengalenga zone 5 Km. Pamalo okwera mamita 5000 pamwamba pa nyanja, munthu amayamba kumawonetsera kusowa kwa mpweya, chifukwa mu kuchepa mu ntchito yake ndi kuwonongeka wa thanzi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti munthu sangathe kupulumuka mu mlengalenga, pamene pali kusakaniza lodabwitsali mpweya.

Onse zambiri ndi mfundo za m'mlengalenga koma kukhulupirira kufunika kwake kwa anthu. Zikomo pamaso ake ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo padziko lapansi. Kale lero, ndipo akuona mmene mavuto amene anthu amatha zochita ntchito wopatsa moyo mpweya, tiyenera kuganizira zochita zina kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa m'mlengalenga.