Ndi nduna ya curiosities chiyani? Kufotokozera, mbiri ndi modernity

"Mudzakhala ku St. Petersburg, onetsetsani kuti akaone Kunstkammer!" - ndi asiyane mawu afika pafupifupi aliyense alendo, mlendo likulu kumpoto. ndi nduna ya curiosities chiyani? Ambiri ndi mawu kugwirizana ndi chinachake chapadera, kawirikawiri ndi zochititsa chidwi. Iwo n'kuliza kwa masiku akale, chinachake kutali ...

Nkhani anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zimene curiosities, mbiri ya chilengedwe chake ndi zinthu zikusinthira.

maganizo

Pali nthano imene Peter Ine poyenda pa Vasilyevsky chilumba anaona awiri chodabwitsa paini: nthambi imodzi mwanjira mosadziwika utakula mwa thunthu ndi zina. Izi chitsanzo zachilendo anakumbukira n'zaka Mfumu. Anaganizira gimmick mu zaka zingapo pamene kuyendera ntchito za mgwirizano wa mayiko pa 1697-1698 biennium. England ndi Holland. Ndiye iye anakomana ndi otchedwa "nduna ya curiosities" pa anthu olemekezeka, kumene iwo anali onse a diva: zaspirtovannye matupi, nyama choyika zinthu mkati, gulu la tizilombo osowa. Awa anali woyambirira Kunstkammer. Mawu amene anawamasulira ku German amatanthauza "luso chipinda".

Mbiri ya chilengedwe, mu Russia

Peter adakonda kwambiri chipinda zodabwitsa, kuti atabwerera kunyumba, choyamba ananyamula mmenenso wa nduna pa nyumba yachifumu. Mu Holland, anaphunzira Chinsinsi cha mtembo, 30 000 guilders Dutch amamuonera lonse "ofesi Ruysch". M'tsogolo, musati skimp, kugula mabuku mwayekha yosowa zida, zida zosiyanasiyana, zakale wapadera ndi zodabwitsa zachilengedwe kunja. Pambuyo iye anapereka lamulo malinga ndi zomwe aliyense wapeza yachilendo kapena osowa item, ndinali pochitika kuti chilengedwe cha "curiosities nduna". Kuchokera ngodya zonse za chilengedwe Russian Ufumu wa ofesi anayamba amapita zinthu zodabwitsa. Posakhalitsa kukhala zambirimbiri moti iwo anayikidwa mu nyumba yachifumu. Chambiri kusungidwa mu kosungira wapadera, adakwiya Peter, amene anali wokonzeka kuika onse curiosities pa kudzionetsera.

Pambuyo kulanda likulu ku Moscow ku St. Petersburg ndipo anasamukira ku nyumba ina, Peter Ine anasamukira ku malo atsopano ndi curiosities ake. Mongoyembekezera, anawaika pa Palace la manyazi Boyar Kikin, amene anali ku ukapolo ku likulu ndi kulandidwa katundu chifukwa chotenga gawo mu ciwembu mfumu. Mfumu inalamula, "Kikin Chambers" kuitana pa makhalidwe yachilendo "nduna ya Curiosities". Izi zinachitika mu 1714. Chaka chino, ndipo ine ndinabadwa mu dziko curiosities woyamba Russian amene chithunzi tsopano imakongoletsa lililonse kalozera Peter.

yomanga nyumba

zosonkhanitsira Petulo mofulumira kwambiri. Mu 1717, kachiwiri mu Holland anali kwathunthu yotengedwa ndi nkhani Seb kwa 15 zikwi. Guilders Dutch. Posachedwa makhalidwe onse akhoza sizikugwirizana ndi "Kikin Chambers." Kuti akomere curiosities awo ndi kuthekera komwe zonse pofuna mfumu inalamula yomanga nyumba wapadera. Iye olekanitsidwa malo apamwamba pa Muvi Vasilevsky Island pafupi ndi nyumba mfumu ndi mabungwe zofunika boma.

Ntchito yomanga nyumba yopangidwa ndi wamanga Mattarnovi. Mwala wa m'tsogolo wa m'nyumbayi wotchuka anakhazikitsidwa mu July 1718. Kenako nyumbayi m'gulu ambuye ngati wotchuka ngati Gerbel, Zemtsov ndi Kiaveri.

Grand kutsegula kwa Kunstkammer unachitikira mu November 1728, pamene kumalizitsa ntchito inatha yekha mu 1734

Mosiyana Russian kunstkamery ku European

Woyamba "makabati a curiosities" anatuluka mu Europe pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano m'zaka 15-16. Kodi nduna ya curiosities, ndiwe wa kalonga olemera, omwe cholinga chawo chinali kuti tisangalatse alendo? Ziri monga chopereka kochitika mwachisawawa zinthu osowa ndi zachilendo, kuwonetsera "chiphunzitso" cha Mwini.

Petro curiosities ndi tafotokozazi, unali pakati osati monga assemblage chuma, koma monga kutolera zakale chidwi kuti atha kutumikira ngati zolinga maphunziro ndi sayansi. Yosungirako ndi systematization amatsogoza wapatsidwa kwa anthu otsalira. Nthawi zina, otsogolera kapena ogwira ntchito za "nduna ya Peter" anali Baiburin, Barthold, Gumilyov, Lomonosov, Struve, Sternberg, Sitimayo inagunda, Severgin asayansi. Anasonkhanitsa chuma ambiri osiyana - si yonyansa, kapena curiosities ndimasewera, koma zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ali lalikulu ethnographic ndi mbiri yakale tanthauzo wapatali m'lingaliro sayansi zosonkhanitsira tizilombo, mbalame modzaza, zokwawa, nsomba ndi nyama, analenga anatomical ndi mineralogical m'madipatimenti.

Pambuyo polenga ya Russian Academy of Sciences mu 1724, magwero chachikulu cha kubwezeretsa kwa nduna ya curiosities anali zinthu anabweretsa kuchokera Maulendo sayansi Miller, Krasheninnikov, Messershmity, Lisiansky, Maclay, Bellingshausen, Kruzenshtern.

ndi nduna ya curiosities Russian chiyani? Ndi zakale, munthu wakale kwambiri komanso wolemera kwambiri mu dziko, chopunthira cha Russian Academy of Sciences.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Kuyambira pa tsiku loyamba la curiosities, chithunzi cha lopatsidwa pansipa, mu dongosolo la Peter Ine linatsegulidwa anthu onse chidwi. Kulowa ndi anayendera zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho anali mfulu.

Peter Ine analenga dipatimenti zachilendo kwambiri m'nyumbayi amene zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi zinyama ndi anthu ndi vuto lobadwa - Cyclops, ambiri-zida syndrome lipenga ndi kuvutika ena. Ndipo padali osati anakonzedwa matupi ndi anthu, komanso moyo dwarves, mizukwa ndi zoopsa zimene zimakhala mu nyumbayi likuvutika chuma pagulu.

Mfumu anadziwa chidutswa chirichonse cha zopereka "mu nkhope" ndipo anali wolondolera kwambiri kuti chisangalalo kuwauza kuti Awapatse alendo ake.

Lero, m'nyumbayi ali 1.2 miliyoni. Akusonyeza!