Ndi chikhalidwe yakale chiyani? pulogalamu ntchito GEF

Siuthenga kuti sayansi ya mmene zinthu anthu aulemu anabadwa nthawi yaitali ndi kusintha m'kupita kwa zaka, komabe anapitiriza kukhala ndi kukhala bwino. Masiku ano, yankho la funso "Kodi makhalidwe a kudziko?" Mukudziwa, ngakhale ana, chifukwa ophunzira wamng'ono item zikuphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu mokakamizidwa. Choncho, kuthana ndi chakuti pali phunziro ofanana kuphunzira pa izo anyamata, zofunika ndi zogwirizana.

ORKSE: ndichiyani?

chidule uwu ukuimira "chikhazikitso cha zikhalidwe chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe yolembedwa" ndipo ndi nkhani kulikonse zoyikidwa ndi a Russian Ministry of Education mu 2012 m'makalasi pulayimale sukulu kudutsa dziko. Pakuti Madera onse a nkhani pa nthawi ino ndi boma ndi chigawo kuvomerezedwa. Zapansi makhalidwe akudziko ndi chipembedzo monga zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi; wophunzira wina pamodzi ndi nthumwi malamulo awo (makolo, Atetezi) amasankha chimodzi chokha nzeru zake yekha liwunikidwenso.

Zolinga

Ngati ndi choncho, kodi makhalidwe a boma, chirichonse chiri bwino, chakudya cha kusanthula lomwe umalimbana oyamba a phunziro sukulu udakalipo. Cholinga padziko lonse kumene ambiri ORKSE monga mapangidwe mtsikana amazindikira khalidwe wamng'ono makhalidwe ndi zolinga kwa iye kuphunzutsa ulemu mwana M'zipembedzo ndiponso chikhalidwe cha anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana a Russia, wophunzira kuphunzira kuchita kukambirana ndi akuluakulu a maganizo osiyana ndi maganizo. Pakuti ntchito kwambiri m'dera allocated kuti maziko a yakale pulogalamu chikhalidwe monga:

• olima mu maganizo a mwana amaonera wamng'ono za kufunika kwa khalidwe labwino ndi malamulo a wolemekezeka kuli payekha, banja, dziko lonse;
• womdziwa ophunzira ndi chikhazikitso zofunika wachikhristu (Orthodox), Muslim, Ayuda, Abuda chikhalidwe, chakudya chifungulo cha kayendedwe lonse achipembedzo ndi makhalidwe;
• systematization wa malingaliro, nzeru ndi luntha zauzimu kutsitsimuka, makhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe, analandira mwana wamng'ono mu sukulu oyambirira a pulayimale, potengera mapangidwe awo nthanthi kufunika ndi tanthauzo, kupereka maganizo logwirizana la chikhalidwe mbadwa ndi mbiri komanso zipambano zawo ndi Buku kuphunzira nkhani zothandiza anthu lathu pa mlingo waukulu (sekondale) sukulu;
• kukhala ophunzira luso kugwirizana ndi kulankhula mu Mipikisano achipembedzo ndi Mipikisano mitundu malo amene mogwirizana wamangidwa pa mfundo za kulemekezana ndi kukambirana pofuna mogwirizana chikhalidwe ndi mtendere.

kukhala nkhani

Choncho, kodi makhalidwe yolembedwa masukulu ndi kuchita zinthu zofunika aliyense izo imatsogoleredwa lero wapezeka. Koma apa pali m'mene oyamba zinachitika mu sukulu amachita latsopano kwathunthu, ana sankadziwika a chilango? Zimenezi ikuchitika mu magawo atatu yaitali:

1. Kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2011, ili m'dera nkhani anayesedwa mu nkhani 21 la Russia.
2. Kuyambira 2011 2014 phunziro polima mosachotsera mu zigawo zonse zitatu za dziko, mothandizidwa ndi limodzi mwa dongosolo la mauthenga ndi kulankhulana matekinoloje, chifukwa mwapadera analengedwera gwero izi Internet amene amapereka gulu ndi methodological ndi mfundo m'munsi pochititsa njira ORKSE.
3. Chomaliza unachitikira posachedwapa - ndicho, yokutidwa nthawi kuchokera 2014 mpaka 2016. Pa nthawiyi, ziyenera zabwino mtima kwa kumayambiriro ngati mwambo zapatsidwa mu sukulu, mogwirizana ndi zomwe chikhalidwe cha makhalidwe akudziko ndi chidziwitso cha chakudya chachikulu zipembedzo za mdziko analowa pulogalamu sukulu monga limodzi, ndi kumanga ndi wosasintha chinthu.

Directions chitukuko tsogolo

Mu gawo lachitatu ilo komanso anakonza pang'onopang'ono chitukuko kugwirizana ntchito ya nthambi za mwachibale kwa nzika za la Russia m'munda wa maphunziro. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi ophunzira ena (nkhani) kwa ndondomeko za maphunziro, akuti:

• makolo kapena nthumwi za malamulo, amene ayenera kupanga kusankha Kudziwitsidwa imodzi mwa zigawo anapereka mkati ORKSE;
• ogwira akatswiri amene bungwe ndondomeko ya m'munda, udindo kukhazikitsa kumene ogwira kuphunzira, ikuthandizira chiphunzitso cha panali zothandizira, ndi zina zotero. d.

Komanso, zakonzedwa kulamulira chochitika, kulola kudziwa luso la kuphunzitsa za nkhaniyi mu oyang'anira tauni ndi boma mabungwe maphunziro ambiri la Russia. Ankalamulira zapansi Ethics yolembedwa ndi ntchito adzatuluka mu Federal boma muyezo maphunziro, mu nkhani iyi - koyamba maphunziro (Leo). Kusintha ndi kuwonjezapo adzapatsidwa kutenga nkhani maphunziro a munthu wa Concept wa nzika Russian ndi kukula muuzimu ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Kodi zinalembedwa GEF Leo?

Ntchito GEF pulogalamu za chikhalidwe m'mabuku phunziro wokakamiza wa nkhaniyi, mwachitsanzo, mu sitandade 4, pasanathe maola 34 maphunziro kwa chaka lonse maphunziro. Pafupipafupi nkhani 1 ntchito masiku 5; makonzedwe amenewa anali ovomerezeka ndi boma RF pa January 28, 2012, ndi wotetezedwa kalata wapadera ku Unduna wa Maphunziro ndi Science ndi makonzedwe wapadera ndipo ngakhale kale - mwamsanga August. Poyamba, nkhani wotchedwa "ndizosowa chikhalidwe zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe a anthu a Russia", koma dongosolo la Utumiki wa Education ku December 2012 kusintha linapangidwa mu GEF, chimene nkhani wasintha dzina lake kale tatchula pamwambapa ORKSE.

Pa funso "Kodi chikhalidwe ndi boma sukulu?" Zopinga ku chidziwitso sayenera tsopano adzasiyidwa. Komabe, ngati chilango akuyendera makoma a lililonse, sukulu munthu? Muyezo mu nkhani iyi ndi okhulupirika: bungwe paokha kupanga dongosolo yaikulu yophunzitsa curricula ndi ntchito ndandanda za chikhalidwe boma, mmodzi wa mayunitsi a constituent amene Mwachitsanzo, maphunziro. Pankhaniyi, kasamalidwe komabe ayenera kudalira zikalata zina. Izi normative zochita malamulo a ku Russia Unduna wa Maphunziro ndi Boma, chakudya cha chilamulo boma ndi ndondomeko akhakula pulogalamu zofunika maphunziro a GEF pa ndizosowa makhalidwe a dzikoli.

Kodi polojekiti ndi chiyani Kumafunikira?

Zingaoneke kuti ORKSE - mutu ndi zolakwika kwambiri, wamkulu monga masamu kapena sayansi, pamene pali mitunduyi, malamulo ndi theorems zatsimikiziridwa. Kodi onani chidziwitso mu Zikatero, sikutheka? Izi si choncho. Pa GEF lili ndichisangalalo malinga ndi zomwe mlingo dera ndi boma aliyense phunziro la Russia chaka itatu iriyonse kuwunika kudziwa wophunzira (mapepala miyambo mayeso, mayesero, etc.). Iwo amalola kuti:

• kuona ngati zofuna za nzika za la Russia, limodzi ndi ndalama zina Buku;
• yerekezerani ndiponso kupangitsa zinachitikira maphunziro amadza mwa kuphunzitsa ndi "mnyamata" mwambo;
• kudziwa zotsatira Mkhalidwe wa pulogalamu, kumanga vekitala cha kusintha kwake.

Kenako, zotsatira polojekiti ndi kukonzedwa mu mwapadera analengedwa kuti mudziwe-mawunikidwe dongosolo makina (lalifupi - IAS). deta zasungidwa ndi pang'onopang'ono kupanga Nawonso achichepere umodzi.

zigawo

A phunziro pa ndizosowa makhalidwe a boma kuti mwana wake wosankhidwa ndi makolo kapena aliyense nthumwi za malamulo, amene pa fomu olembedwa ndi kupereka ku sukulu. Zokopa zigawo 6 - zingakhale maziko:

1. Chibuda chikhalidwe.
2. Orthodox chikhalidwe.
3. chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu.
4. chikhalidwe cha Chiyuda.
5. Adziko makhalidwe.
6. World achipembedzo zikhalidwe.

Pankhaniyi, makolo a graders lachitatu zimaperekedwa ntchito wofunsira, chimaphunzitsa, exploratory m'chilengedwe, kuti athe kupanga yaufulu, free, kuuzidwa kusankha ndi gawo bwino mwana wanu. Malinga ndi lamulo monga njira ya kukhazikitsa yokha ndi thandizo kudziwa oimira malamulo akhoza ndipo chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi zokhudza zogwirizana mabungwe centralized achipembedzo.

A mtengo zabwino

ORKSE Inde amalola ana kuphunzitsa mu dziko lawo, chikondi, kuphatikizapo dziko laling'ono, nthumwi zake ndi ntchito zawo, kuthandiza internalize makhalidwe abwino ndiponso kukhala ndi makhalidwe monga ulemu kwa Zikhalidwe zina, kulolerana, kulolerana. ORKSE Inde Cholinga kukhala metasubject ndi zotsatira zanu, zomwe akhala akugwira mu pofuna kukwaniritsa mwana monga aphunzitsi ake a.

Komanso, ndi mwa mwambo abwera inalowa banja sukulu: makolo komanso akuluakulu ena kuthandiza ana kumvetsetsa ndi molondola kumasulira magulu osiyana (chikondi, ubwenzi, okoma, kutsutsika, makhalidwe abwino, khama, ndi ena.), Inadzaikidwa zili nkhaniyi. Kuphatikiza a khama la onse otenga mbali mu ndondomeko maphunziro walola kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira yabwino kwambiri: chitukuko cha luso mwana kuganizira zimene zawo, kusonyeza maganizo ndi makhalidwe Kuyankha, ntchito mu timu.