Ndi katundu colligative chiyani?

Njira - ndi homogeneous machitidwe amene amapanga zigawo ziwiri kapena zambiri, komanso zinthu zimene zotsatira zake mogwirizana kwa zigawo izi. Iwo akhoza kukhala olimba, madzi kapena boma gaseous. Taonani madzi akaphatikiza njira boma. Mu zikuchokera lawo kumaphatikizapo zosungunulira ndi mankhwala kusungunuka m'menemo (lomaliza zochepa).

Colligative katundu - makhalidwe awo amene ali mu chiwerengero mwachindunji yekha wa zosungunulira ndi akupanga njira. Iwo akutchedwa gulu kapena nawo. katundu Colligative amaoneka mu zikulumikizana, imene palibe zimachitika pakati mankhwala chikhalidwe cha zigawo zawo. Komanso, kanthu tonse mphamvu pakati pa particles, ndi tinthu wa zosungunulira-zosungunulira ndi kusungunuka mmenemo zinthu zili mu njira yabwino.

katundu Colligative:

1) The nthunzi kuthamanga pa njira n'chozama kupitirira zosungunulira pamwambapa.

2) crystallization wa njira ndi pa kutentha pansi pa crystallization kutentha kwa zosungunulira mu mawonekedwe woyera.

3) Wiritsani njira limapezekanso pa kutentha kuposa kuwira kwa zosungunulira lapansi.

4) The chodabwitsa cha osmosis.

Taganizirani katundu colligative payekha.

The mgwirizano pa mawonekedwe mu dongosolo chatsekedwa: madzi - nthunzi kuthamanga amakhala ndi nthuzi ndi zimalimbikitsa. Kuyambira mu njira pamwamba wosanjikiza gawo wodzala ndi tinthu wa solute, ndi mgwirizano adzakhala atafika pa mtengo wotsika wa zoipazi nthunzi.

The chachiwiri katundu Collegiate - kuchepetsa crystallization kutentha poyerekeza ndi zosungunulira wa njira - chifukwa chakuti particles wa solute kuti kulepheretsa ntchito yomanga makhiristo ndipo potero kuteteza crystallization pa otsika kutentha.

Kuwira mfundo ya osakaniza ndi wamkulu kuposa zosungunulira mu mawonekedwe woyera chifukwa chakuti mumlengalenga kufanana kuthamanga, ndi kuthamanga nthunzi zimatheka pa kutentha mkulu chifukwa gawo la tinthu zosungunulira kugwirizana ndi particles wa solute lapansi.

Chachinayi colligative katundu - chodabwitsa osmosis.

osmosis - luso amasamukira mwa zosungunulira kulekana amene ali permeable kwa particles ena (zosungunulira molekyulu) ndi impermeable ena (solute molekyulu). kugawa Izi alekanitsa njira ndi okhutira mkulu wa solute ku njira zochepa kulimbikira. Chitsanzo cha chotero kugawa semipermeable atha kutumikira ngati nembanemba ya selo lamoyo, Bovine, etc. kuwira. Osmosis chodabwitsa chifukwa cha ndende equalization mbali zonse ankasiyana Kakhungu imene thermodynamically yabwino kwambiri kwa dongosolo. Chifukwa kusamutsidwa kwa zosungunulira mu njira wambiri mu gawo ili la chotengeracho pali kuwonjezeka mu chipsyinjo. Izi kuthamanga kwambiri imatchedwa kuti osmotic.

katundu Colligative njira ya si electrolytes akhoza ankaimira mwamasamu ndi maikwezhoni ndi:

. Δ BP = Ekip ∙ Onani;

Δ T c. = ∙ Kzam Onani;

π = CRT.

katundu Colligative kuchilingalira njira zothetsera osiyanasiyana electrolytes ndi nonelectrolytes njira. Pakuti kale, ali mwanjira yina. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo zimachitika pa dissociation electrolytic, ndi kuchuluka kwa particles kwambiri kumawonjezera.

katundu Colligative ankagwiritsa ntchito kunyumba kuntchito Mwachitsanzo, osmosis ntchito kutulutsa madzi oyera. Mu zamoyo, ambiri kachitidwe ndi Anamanga pa katundu colligative (mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera chomera maselo).