Walani ndi shuga mtundu (onani chithunzi). Kupanga ndi kufufuza khalidwe la shuga

Dziko lonse wakhala bwino kuti ife zambiri sumachizindikira zinthu zazing'ono kuti kupanga miyoyo yathu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kumwa tiyi kapena khofi, ife molimbika mtima kutenga shuga zimakometsa. Koma kodi zinthu izi? Kodi mtundu shuga? Kodi kuwala? Ndipotu, pa maalumali mu sitolo amenewa zosiyanasiyana. Zimadalira mtundu wa mankhwala. Ngati ife kulankhula za mtundu wa shuga Krustalo, ndi woyera, ndipo ngati ndodo, mitundu angakhale osiyana.

chakudya chofunika

Pali mitundu ingapo ya sucrose, amene ali kunyumba ndipo anaitana shuga. Iwo ali mtengo wapatali zakudya, monga mosavuta zidyeke chakudya. Kamodzi mu thupi, ndi unagawika zigawo ziwiri (fructose ndi shuga), ndipo nthawi yomweyo akulowa mtsempha wa magazi. Mwa munthu uyu ali ndi moyo komanso shuga - gwero la oposa theka la mphamvu zonse zomwe thupi likusowa kwa tsiku. Koma ndende yake sayenera upambana ponseponse, chifukwa akhoza kuyambitsa matenda aakulu. Shuga zimakhala zosemphana kwa poyizoni kapena matenda ena chiwindi. Iwo ali ubwino thupi, kotero nthawizina jekeseni mwachindunji mu mtsempha wa. M'mayiko ambiri, shuga ndi chigawo chachikulu yokonza mankhwala makampani Confectionery. Mwachitsanzo, caramel, meringues ndi dragees 80-95% zigwirizana sweetener ichi, chocolate ndi candies - 50%, ufa - ndi 30-40%. shuga mtundu akhoza kukhala osiyana, izo zimatengera ku nkhani zimene izo zinapangidwa ndi kaya oyeretsa zina zinachitika.

History of anapeza

India ndi malo amene shuga wokondedwa. Mawu iyoyomwe wakale Indian mizu, koma nacho icho kuchokera Chigiriki Russian. apainiya European mankhwala anali Aroma. Agula kunyumba ndi kupita kwawo. M'khalapakati mu malonda amenewa anachita Egypt, umene panthawi imeneyo unali ndi chigawo cha Ufumu wa Roma. mankhwala amapangidwa kuchokera nzimbe. Choyamba akupanga madzi, ndipo m'kupita kwa chithandizo, panali nyenyeswa wokoma. Mtundu wa shuga, yemwe analandira anali bulauni.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Aroma adayamba kukula nzimbe kum'mwera kwa Spain ndipo Sicily, koma ndi kugwa mkhalidwe wawo kupanga zonse unatha. The shuga Russian choyamba anaonekera zaka XI-XII. Koma iye anadziwa kukoma yekha anasankha, ndiwo kalonga ndi anamuperekeza wake. Peter Ndinaganiza anafunika kupanga mankhwala mu dziko ndipo anatsegula woyamba "Nyumba ya shuga" m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. Koma sizinali zophweka. Ndipotu zopangira anali akadali kunja ochokera m'mayiko kunja. Mu 1809 iye anapangidwa yojambula m'dera lino, monga anapezeka kuti shuga akhoza yotengedwa kuchokera mbewu m'dera muzu - Beets. Kuyambira pamenepo, mankhwala sizibwera ndi tebulo la anthu onse a Russia, ndi kuchuluka kwa mowa kokha kuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse.

bulauni shuga

Monga tanena mtundu uwu maswiti opangidwa kuchokera ku nzimbe. makhiristo okutidwa ndi mchewere (uchi), ndipo izi chifukwa mtundu ndi fungo la shuga. umisiri ndi mwachilungamo chosavuta (madzi anapangidwa, ndipo ndiye yophika), koma iwo ali limatchula zake. Species ya bulauni shuga ndithu kwambiri. Iwo amasiyana kuchuluka kwa uchi kuti alipo mu makhiristo. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa mithunzi enieni a mtundu umenewu amatchedwa "khofi" kapena "tiyi". Opanga ndi kuika mankhwala monga apamwamba ndi Eco-wochezeka, amene kumawonjezera mtengo wake. Koma akatswiri a zinthu zakudya akuchenjeza kuti chifukwa chakuti shuga ndi kutsukidwa, kapangidwe kake zingaphatikizepo zosafunika kosafunika ndi zomwe zili caloric wa mankhwala palibe poyerekeza mwachizolowezi. Nthawi zambiri, kufunika mtundu shuga zimatheka ndi oyeretsa asidi carbonic, kapena woipa sulfure.

Popanga ku Beet

Mpainiya m'dera lino amati Andreas Margraf, amene lofalitsidwa ntchito yake 1747. Izo zikusonyeza kuthekera yopezera shuga kwa mbewu Beet mizu. Iye anafotokozanso mmene ndondomeko imeneyi, yomwe watsikira kwa masiku athu. wophunzira wake Achard anayesa kumanga chomera kwa kupanga maswiti, koma zinalephereka. Only mu 1806 pa malangizo a Napoleon, ndondomeko kupanga wakhala anapezerapo. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti izi zingawathandize France kukhala wosafuna kuuzidwa ndi sikudalira pa katundu yachilendo.

Chomera choyamba kwa kupanga nkhaniyi yaiwisi ku Russia inamangidwa 1806, koma mankhwala chifukwa anali oyenera okha distillation mu mowa. Ndipo mu 1897 ku dziko lonse ntchito mafakitale 236, amene pamodzi wapangidwa matani 45 miliyoni a shuga pa chaka kale. The luso kupanga mankhwala a Beet ndi motere: mwa mayamwidwe yotengedwa kuchokera ku muzu wa madzi, ndi imfa kudzera Zosefera kwa kulekanitsa zamkati preheated madzi digiri 60, mmene kulekanitsa madzi owonjezera. Pamenepo madzi oyera ndi laimu acid carbonic. The maganizo chifukwa ndi chamunthuyo mpaka timibulu tsedyat ndipo anaikidwa centrifuge, umene umawalekanitsa mankhwala anakhumba ku mchewere. Nkhani analandira anauma ndi okonzeka ndi woipa osiyana a shuga sucrose.

Kodi mtundu ndi shuga Beet kungakhale zogulitsa? Olondola yankho - woyera, mwina yekha pang'ono kulocha a chikasu.

katundu organoleptic

Organoleptic - njira zimene zimapangitsa n'zotheka kudziwa khalidwe la mankhwala kudzera n'chosangalatsa ndicho kuona, kumva, kulawa, kununkhiza, ndi kukhudza. Nthawi zambiri mu shuga Russian chopangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mchenga. Akatswiri, pamaso kulola kugulitsa mankhwala chopangidwa, kuunikira mtundu wa shuga, kaya ali ndi kudzawala, zimene amakoma ngati. Ngati n'kotheka, ayenera zigwirizana kukula zofanana ndi mawonekedwe timibulu amene anasonyeza nkhope ndi kuwala. Fungo ndi kukoma ngati nkhani youma ndi njira zake akhale wokoma, popanda zosafunika. Sungunulani mu madzi, izo ziyenera kukhala kwathunthu ndi mtundu wa madzi ndi sanasinthe. Mtundu wa shuga - woyera, kuwala mthunzi chikasu n'zotheka. Kuvomerezedwa katundu - fluidity popanda apezeka.

mtanda shuga

Shuga-Boy otchedwa zina woyengedwa shuga mu mawonekedwe a ndalama. Chopangidwa kuchokera kale anafotokoza shuga granulated. katundu ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi katundu wa ake "wachibale". Ndisonyezeni mankhwala kudzera kuyeretsedwa wina bwalo ndi recrystallization. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ngakhale wambiri. Pambuyo imatumizidwa atolankhani, zomwe ndi mipiringidzo olimba, unagawanika mu zidutswa. Mtundu ndi luster a shuga mu nkhani iyi ayenera kukhala woyera ndi kum'chitira bluish zotheka, popanda zosafunika, koma ena mfundo zina si pano. Kukumana ndi fungo ayeneranso ufulu zosafunika, monga wokoma.

mapulo shuga

Kuwonjezera mitundu odziwika bwino, pali zingapo zimene alinso pa msika. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi mapulo wa shuga. kupanga ake anayamba mu XVII m'ma kum'mawa Canada. Zipangizo iye ndi madzi a mapulo wa shuga. Mu February ndi March za mtengo umenewu makungwa ali mokhomerera kwa kupanga madzi, amene akuyamba kuyenda mwa una. Iwo limapangidwa mpaka 3% ya shuga. kusonkhana ndondomeko amapitirizabe kwa masabata angapo, amene amalola kukhala ndi mwachilungamo wambirimbiri madzi chofunika. Iye ankachita, ndicho evaporation, potero kupeza "zokometsera", ndi kale kwa izo wachotsa chomaliza mankhwala. Mtengo umodzi chaka kubweretsa mapaundi 3 mpaka 6 a shuga.

Anthu kumeneku yaitali zapita kwa sweetener ichi, kuiwala za options kunja. The kwambiri chifukwa kangapo lokoma kuposa masiku. Ngati ife kulankhula za mtundu wa shuga, ndiye ife tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti bulauni, zokometsera chifukwa mithunzi amenewa. Komanso, sweetener izi ndi zothandiza, chifukwa wolemera mavitamini B

jaggery

Kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa Asia kutulutsa mtundu wina wa shuga - kanjedza kapena yagre. Kuti tichite zimenezi, woyenera osiyanasiyana kanjedza. Young mitengo cobs maluwa kupanga mabala, umene umayenda madzi okoma. Nthawi zambiri kupanga amenewa amasankhidwa kokonati mtengo, komanso kukolola akhoza amatengedwa kuchokera Arengo kapena kanjedza. Per chaka ndi mbewu imodzi Tingafinye kuti makilogalamu 250 madzi, ndi sucrose ndende omwe amakwaniritsa 20%. Ngati ogwira ntchito amatha bwino kusamalira mtengo wanu, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito izo kwa zaka zambiri.

Monga mwa njira zamakono ena amagwiritsa evaporation, koma zichitike chipolopolo kokonati kuti amapereka mankhwala mawonekedwe semicircular. Ntchito mokulirapo ndi alimi okha, ndiko kunena kuti anthu a m'deralo. Ngati chidwi, zimene mtundu ndi shuga yotengedwa motere, tingayankhe kuti bulauni. Ngati inu kuwonjezera kwa tiyi kapena khofi NDIDZAKHALA kumwa osati lokoma, komanso kupereka izo ndi kukoma zosafanana.

manyuchi shuga

Kale mu China wakale, mchitidwe kutulutsa sweetener ku manyuchi. Pa American Civil nkhondo England oletsedwa mwa kundipatsako kwa mzimbe shuga mu maiko a kumpoto. Izi zapangitsa kuti kufala kwa mtundu wina, ndicho manyuchi. Koma pambuyo zochitika izi, kupanga alibe zakhazikitsidwa, chifukwa mawu a zopangira ndi chomera ndithu wovuta. movutikira A ndi madzi chifukwa wolemera sucrose komanso mchere salt zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ziletsa mapangidwe timibulu koyera. Koma m'madera chilala kumatenga kwambiri pachaka, manyuchi akhoza kukhala m'malo woyenera kwambiri m'mabuku ena a shuga. Makamaka chifukwa makina wapadera kapena zida safunikira kulima ake. Pa maalumali wa sitolo, mankhwala ndi zovuta kupeza, koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti shuga ayenera kukhala Amber mtundu. Nthawi zambiri izo chogulitsidwa mawonekedwe a madzi.

Choncho, shuga - mankhwala kuti ndi mwamphamvu mu miyoyo yathu. Pofuna kudziwa ubwino wake, akatswiri kulabadira zinthu monga kulawa, mawonekedwe, fungo ndi mtundu wa shuga. Photo kosiyanasiyana angapezeke pa masamba magazini zakudya. Zimenezi zingakuthandizeni kusankha mankhwala bwino. Muyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu wa mchere ndi shuga ndi osiyana kwambiri: zoyera mchere ndi shuga angathe ndi mthunzi wa chikasu kapena kukhala bulauni, malingana ndi mtundu wake.