M'chigawo cha Ufumu wa Roma. Mndandanda wa Roma

Ngakhale kuti Wamkulu Roma kulibenso, chidwi mu nthawi imeneyi dziko la mbiri yakale suzimitsidwa. Ndipotu, koma anali Aroma ndiwo akutoma kwa lamulo zamakono jurisprudence, ndi ndondomeko ya limati ambiri European ndi Mfundo za ndale, ndi lero lino anaphunzira ku yunivesite zapamwamba padziko lonse.

Komabe, ngakhale dongosolo mwachizolowezi a boma lalikulu la Kale ndi chimodzimodzi chidwi. Kodi mukudziwa zimene chigawo cha Ufumu wa Roma chinapangidwa ndi mmene wagawo izi Kupititsa? Ngati sichoncho, ndiye muyenera ndithudi kuwerenga nkhaniyi! Pomwepo anachenjeza kuti nkhani ife adzalankhula za Rome mphamvu umodzi. Kudulidwa ku East ndi West Ufumu zinachitika kulanda wa mzinda ndi CE, Ostrogoths.

The tanthauzo ambiri a

M'lingaliro waukulu ndi "m'chigawo" amatanthauza dziko, wosindikiza ena boma mkulu wa ufumu mu ulamuliro wake yekha. Munthu uyu mu dziko lake anali mutu imperio. Koma ochepa mukudziwa kuti mawu amenewa anali zinayi zokha mfundo zina. Apa iwo ali:

• Monga momwe zinalili yapita, "m'chigawo" akhoza kunena kuti udindo wapadera. Choncho, kulima mutu. maritima ankatanthauza kuti munthu amene anali nawo iwo, ntchito lamulo la zombo Roma.
• Mayendedwe lomwelo lidali la munthu woyang'anira ntchito zina zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, taphunzira. frumentum curare kuyang'anira yobereka mkate.
• Komanso, "m'chigawo" akhoza ngakhale kutchedwa la adani akuyang'anira ena mkulu. Chomwecho Macedonia consulibus provincia decernitur, anapanga pamene anagonjetsa Greece.
• Pomaliza, linali dzina la aliyense kumene anagonjetsa kapena kupatsidwa kwa lumbiro m'dera Roma kuti kale anaika Pax Romania, «kuti Roma."

Tikumbukenso kuti Western Roma akugwirabe njira utsogoleri wa makolo awo. Zonse pano ndi mtsogolo ndi zoona kwa basileus Byzantine.

Komanso citukuko ca "akuzigawo" njira ya moyo

Kale mu zaka za zana lachitatu AD, Aroma adayamba mofulumira thambo zinachititsa mu Ufumu wa Roma, m'dera chawonjezeka kwambiri, kutali kupitirira muyezo pawokha Italy "Nsapato". Posachedwapa, dziko lonse atagona pafupi ndi Nyanja Mediterranean, chasanduka mu chigawo Mroma. Pomaliza, 117 AD anali kukwaniritsidwa kwa mndandanda wa kupambana nkhondo. Mwini ufumuwo anakhala yaikulu kwambiri. Okwana boma pa nthawi imeneyo, panalibe 45 zigawo, osati kuwerenga zigawo 12 Italy.

Monga m'chigawo watsopano unakhazikitsidwa?

Pakuti nthawi zonse kugonjetsa polima njira bwino "maphatikizidwe" a madera atsopano ndi zigawo zina za ufumuwo: poyamba mkulu, amene anagwira dziko latsopano, anachita delineation waukuluwo. Zofunika! Pokambirana ndi Western Roma, ziyenera ananena kuti malire ake a "kanthu" pafupifupi sanali: ntchito zonse m'dziko inkachitikira yekha ndi chidziwitso ndi kukondweretsa mzindawo (Constantinople).

njira malamulo

Bungwe la anthu 10, zoikidwa ndi Senate, ananena "chiwembu dongosolo" kudutsa mu zokhazikitsa legitimizing wolamulira wogwirizira. Mapale yomweyo Ufumuyo ya Senate malamulo ndi ulozhenija malamulo m'deralo (ngati izo zinali). Mwa njira kulankhula ndi kuteteza malamulo wanu ndi chizindikiro cha boma la Roma.

N'chifukwa chake iliyonse chigawo cha Roma (mu nthawi oyambirira a ufumuwo) m'lingaliro anali zimachitika palokha.

nthawi wogwirizira

Popeza boma analimbikitsidwa pa nthawi, ndi malamulo ndi mwachidwi kwambiri pachilichonse. Kufunikira kwa malamulo a m'deralo akugwa mofulumira. Makamaka, 'malamulo a zigawo "amayamba mwachindunji umamangidwa ndi Senate. Pomaliza, ulozhenija kumeneko yekha zonse mbali ambiri kasamalidwe, pamene zinthu zina zonse sizitchulidwa ndi potsatira lamulo la Aroma. Relations pakati pa nzika ya Roma linadzazidwa chigawo cha Ufumu wa Roma, kumutsogolera edictum provinciale, lamulo la bwanamkubwa umene kofalitsidwa potenga udindo.

"Lamulo" zinali zoona zokha mu ulamuliro wa bwanamkubwa, koma nthawi zambiri zinachitikadi kuti kuloŵedwa m'malo ake chikalata sichinasinthe chilichonse. m'chigawocho anali kulamulidwa praetors mphamvu, proconsuls ndi propraetor. Cholinga chawo ankachita nawo Senta, ndi anthu pa maudindo awa atembenuza chaka. Kupereka ndi zochitika, mawu a ofesi akhoza anawonjezera, koma lingaliro pa izo ndi ufulu kutenga Senate chomwecho.

Zaka zomalizira za ufumuwo

Mu zaka otsiriza pamaso kugwa kwa chigawo Rome kuthamanga ndi nthumwi kale ndi praetors. Iwo anali a mphamvu cheni m'chigawo ankalamulira. Ikufotokoza mlingo kuchepa kwathunthu ndi katangale ndi kulephera wathunthu wa Mabwana ambiri amene achita ntchito, kusangalala ubwenzi wabwino ndi kazembe. Nthawi imeneyi, ndi Syria chomwecho, kamodzi m'chigawo olemera mu Ufumu wa Roma anali pafupifupi mundilanda olamulira ake, ndi dziko mayi gawo tizilembo timeneti misonkho anasonkhana. Zonsezi inapita yokha kugwa kudza kwa boma kamodzi kwambiri.

Mndandanda wa Roma ndi zaka asayembekezere

Choncho, tikungotchula chigawo chachikulu umene unali kum'mawa Roma. The chibwenzi a m'munsi si sequentially, monga nkhondoyo awo a nthawi osiyanasiyana a ndale mu mbiri ya boma la Roma. Woyamba "mu phiko" wa Rome anaima Sicily, kenako - Sardinia ndi Corsica. Izo zinachitika mu 241 ndi 231 BCE motero. Pambuyo iwo anagonjetsa kutali ndi pafupi Spain.

Izo zinachitika mu 197 GD. N. e. Tikumbukenso kuti mu zaka 27 Chikhristu chisanayambe wa Komanso Spain anali allocated m'chigawo cha Lusitania. zaka ziwiri zitatha izi, dziko wakula m'chigawo cha Galati. Monga mukuonera, ndi chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano ya khadi Roma chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwake. M'chaka 120 BC. e. Iwo unagonjetsedwa Gau Narbonne. Aquitaine, Belgium ndi chigawo Lugdunskoy ndi Numidia anali linalanda ku Roma 50 BC, koma osiyana, nzika zonse za ufumuwo linayamba m'chaka 17 a m'nthawi yathu ino. Province wa Rhaetia ndi Noricum - '15 BC.

Choncho, tiyeni tipitirize. Alpes-Maritimes linagwirizana mu '14 (Kottiyskie Alps anakhala mbali ya Rome yekha pa tsikuli Nero). About nthawi ya kulowetsedwa ku Rome Peninskih Alps ndi ena samadziwika, koma wina akhoza kuganiza kuti izo zinachitika osati kale kuposa zaka 200.

Upper ndi wotsika Germany anali anapambana mu '17. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'chigawo linakhazikitsidwa Kapadokiya.

Britain, ndi kum'mawa Roma potsiriza anagonjetsa yekha mu '43, koma loyamba outposts anakhazikitsidwa kale kwambiri. Upper ndi wotsika Pannonia anagonjetsedwa pafupifupi 10 chaka. Poyamba anali m'chigawo limodzi, koma mfumu Trajan (kuzungulira 105 zaka) iwo unagawidwa pawiri chifukwa chomasuka kasamalidwe. Chinthu chomwecho chinachitika ndi Upper ndi wotsika Miziey. Anagonjetsa '29, kupatukana zinachitika mu ulamuliro wa Domitian, tsiku la chochitika sakudziwika.

Zigawenga Thrace anakhala Roma mu 46. Dacia namtsata iye pambuyo zaka 100 zokha, ndipo kuseri kwake - Arabia, Armenia ndi Asuri. Ndiye Aroma analenga chigawo ndi dzina ... Asia. Dalmatia Aroma "katswiri" pakati pa zaka 159 ndi 169, ndipo zaka khumi m'chigawo chawo cha Africa anakhazikitsidwa. Makedoniya ndi Akaya manyazi pa mozungulira nthawi yomweyo (kupereka kapena kutenga khumi). Epir tsiku m'chigawo si ndendende kudziwika. Mbiri posachedwapa Ufumu wa Roma limati mwamsanga chimene chachitika pa ulamuliro wa Mfumu Vasipashani.

Komanso "kupeza"

Egypt anagwa 30 BC. e. Chidwi mbiri ya chigawo ndi Vifiya Pont. Anapambana pa zaka 74 pamaso pa kubadwa kwa Khristu (molumikizana ndi m'zigawo za Cyrenaica ndi Krete), iwo anali kukodzedwa kwambiri pambuyo zaka zinayi zokha. Pomaliza, zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino malire awo kachiwiri kwambiri mizu. Pafupifupi chinthu chomwecho chinachitika ndi Lycia ndi Pamfuliya. Last anapambana ngakhale mpaka zaka 25 asanabadwe Khristu, ndi kuukira pa Lycia anakwanitsa kumaliza okha 43 BC. e.

Yogonjetsa dziko la Kilikiya linayambira ku 64 BC kuti 67 chaka pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa Khristu. Cyprus ndi Syria analephera nawo pozungulira nthawi yomweyo. Mesopotamia akhoza m'gulu boma mwamsanga chaka 115, koma m'chigawo latsopano anataika angapo zaka. Bwezani anali theka zaka mtsogolo.

M'pofunika kumaliza mndandanda Tingitanskoy Kaisareya Mauritania, amene anakhala mbali ya boma zaka 40 pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa Khristu. Choncho, mbiri ya ufumu wa Roma ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi kugonjetsa maiko atsopano njira imene mzinda inali njira onse kuwonjezeka patsogolo, ndipo n'kothandiza adani champhamvu kwambiri.