Dongosolo loyamba mbendera - ndichiyani? Woyamba dongosolo chizindikiro cha munthu malinga Pavlov

Dziko lonse timazindikira kudzera m'magulu awiri: loyamba ndi chizindikiro chachiwiri.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za boma la lake ndi malo kunja kwa dongosolo loyamba chizindikiro amagwiritsa onse oganiza wa munthu: kukhudza, kuona, fungo, kumva ndi kukoma. The chachiwiri, wamng'ono, Alamu dongosolo zimathandiza kuzindikira dziko mwa kulankhula. chitukuko akupezeka pa maziko a ndi molumikizana ndi woyamba mu njira ya chitukuko cha anthu ndi kukula. M'nkhaniyi tiona zimene dongosolo loyamba mbendera, momwe akufotokozera ndi ntchito.

Monga izo zimachitika mu nyama?

nyama zonse akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito Gwero limodzi lokha la nkhani zenizeni ozungulira ndi kusintha boma, lomwe ndi loyamba dongosolo chizindikiro. Kunja dziko anapereka kudzera zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zosiyanasiyana katundu mankhwala ndi thupi monga mtundu, fungo, kuumba neri Al., Tumikirani chizindikiro ngati zowongolera yochenjeza thupi la kusintha kuti muyenera atengere. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la mbawala dozing dzuwa, fungo la chilombo obisalamo mwadzidzidzi mivi kuchokera ndipo athaŵila. The nzothandiza anali chizindikiro cha kuyandikira ngozi.

Choncho, nyama apamwamba choyamba (wabwino reflex) kusonyeza dongosolo - ndi chinyezimiro molondola kunja kwa dziko lapansi, ndi kulola pomwe kuwathandiza kusintha kwa iwo. zizindikiro zake zonse ikukhudzana bwanji ndi chinthu yeniyeni ndipo konkire. Zowongolera bongo maziko a pulayimale nkhani kupatsa nyama maganizo, popangidwa ndi dongosolo imeneyi.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha dongosolo anthu ukugwira ntchito chimodzimodzi ngati kuti nyama apamwamba. Osiyana lidzigwira ntchito zake kokha makanda, chibadwire mpaka m'badwo wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ngati mwanayo ali malo yachibadwa chikhalidwe. Mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo chachiwiri chizindikiro analengedwa mu ndondomeko ndi chifukwa cha maphunziro ndipo ankachita chikhalidwe pakati pa anthu.

Mitundu ya ntchito wamanjenje

Man - munthu zovuta kale chitukuko mbiri mwa kusintha lovuta onse anatomical ndi thupi, ndiponso maganizo kapangidwe ndi ntchito. Lonse zovuta za njira zosiyanasiyana ku thupi lake, yotengekatengeka ndi kulamulidwa ndi machitidwe kiyi thupi - mantha.

Ntchito ya dongosolo lagawidwa m'munsi ndi apamwamba. Kayendetsedwe ndi kasamalidwe ka ziwalo zonse za mkati ndi kachitidwe ka thupi la munthu limafanana otchedwa ntchito m'munsi mantha. Kucheza ndi zinthu ndi zinthu zenizeni mwa njira neuro-maganizo ndi asilikali, monga nzeru, maganizo, maganizo, chinenero, kukumbukira, chidwi, amene amati apamwamba mantha ntchito (GNI). mogwirizana Izi zimachitika kudzera zimakhudza mwachindunji zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolandilira Mwachitsanzo, Makutu kapena zithunzi, ndi kufala zina mwa zizindikiro analandira ya ubongo, mfundo processing ulamuliro - ubongo. Ndi mtundu uwu kusonyeza Russian wasayansi I. P. Pavlovym dzina lake dongosolo ma siginalo choyamba. Zikomo kwa iye, kunatheka zikamera ndi kukula kwa dongosolo chachiwiri chizindikiro wapadera kwa anthu ndi kugwirizana ndi lomveka (kulankhula) kapena looneka mawu (magwero olembedwa).

Kodi dongosolo chenjezo lotani?

Potengera zolemba za wotchuka Russian physiologist ndi wasayansi I. M. Sechenova reflex ntchito mbali apamwamba a ubongo, I. P. Pavlov anayamba chiphunzitso cha GNI - ntchito apamwamba mantha wa munthu. Monga mbali ya chiphunzitso ichi anali kukonza ndi m'mbali kuti dongosolo ma siginalo. Iwo anazindikira kuti n'kupanga kutumphuka (isocortex) ubongo maofesi wabwino kugwirizana reflex monga chotsatira cha nyemba zosiyanasiyana Zofika kwa chilengedwe kapena ku ziwalo ndi kachitidwe. Kuti ndi ntchito ya dongosolo loyamba ma siginalo umalimbana kutsatira mawunikidwe ndi kupanga wotuluka kuzindikira chizindikiro kwa ziwalo imalandira ya zinthu za mdziko kunja.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chitukuko ndi chinenero chikhalidwe kupeza adanyamuka kusanduka dongosolo chizindikiro chachiwiri. Ndi kukula ndi chitukuko cha psyche mwanayo pang'onopang'ono luso kumvetsa kenako kubalana kulankhula monga chotsatira cha zikamera ndi kuphatikiza limasonyeza associative, zikumveka kapena mawu ndi zidindo kwenikweni kwa zinthu za chilengedwe kunja.

Features a dongosolo loyamba ma siginalo

Mu dongosolo ili ma siginalo monga njira ndi njira zolankhulirana, ndi mitundu ina yonse ya khalidwe zochokera maganizo mwamsanga ozungulira zenizeni ndi poyankha zopempha therefrom pa nyemba mogwirizana. Woyamba dongosolo chizindikiro cha munthu - ndi zimene chinyezimiro konkire kwenikweni amene amadza pa zolandilira pa mbali ya dziko.

Choyamba, pali kumverera mu thupi la zochitika aliyense, katundu kapena zinthu adazindikira mwa maselo a munthu kapena zambiri mwa ziwalo. Ndiye akataya n'kukhala akalumikidzidwa zovuta zambiri - maganizo. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo dongosolo chizindikiro chachiwiri udzakhazikitsidwe ndipo anayamba, n'zotheka kulenga osati womangidwa ndi item makamaka mitundu umboni wa kusinkhasinkha, monga maganizo ndi mfundo.

kachitidwe kutanthauzira ma siginalo

Pa ntchito za masiku onse machitidwe awiri kusonyeza malo udindo mu hemispheres ubongo. Phwando ndi processing wa mauthenga dongosolo loyamba ma siginalo amapereka Chigawo bwino. Pamene maganizo ndi processing mtsinje zambiri dongosolo chachiwiri chizindikiro amapanga Chigawo kumanzere ndi udindo ya kulingalira. The chachiwiri (kuposa wina) Alamu dongosolo la ubongo wa munthu zimadalira structural kukhulupirika ndi kugwira ntchito.

Kubverana kachitidwe mbendera

Wachiwiri ndi chizindikiro choyamba monga machitidwe Pavlov ali mogwirizana zonse ndi cholukanalukana ndi ntchito. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pa maziko a koyamba anatuluka ndipo anayamba dongosolo chizindikiro chachiwiri. Kubwera kwa chilengedwe ndi m'madera osiyanasiyana thupi la chizindikiro choyamba ali mogwirizana mosalekeza ndi zizindikiro chachiwiri. Pa mogwirizana ngati ndi zikamera wa bongo wabwino dongosolo apamwamba, amene analenga zinchito ubwenzi therebetween. Mogwirizana ndi anayamba maganizo ndi njira chikhalidwe cha moyo wa munthuyo kwambiri anayamba chachiwiri dongosolo chizindikiro.

siteji kakulidwe

Mu ndondomeko ya munthu chitukuko maganizo ana obadwa pa akuti, woyamba dongosolo chizindikiro uyamba mawonekedwe mwa masiku angapo pambuyo pa kubadwa. Pa zaka masiku 7-10, mapangidwe a bongo woyamba wabwino. Choncho, mwana zimapangitsa kayendedwe wakuyamwa ndi milomo yake ngakhale pamaso anaika pakamwa nipple wake. bongo wabwino zikuchitika Makutu akhoza kupangidwa pa chiyambi cha mwezi wachiwiri wa moyo.

Akulu mwanayo amakhala, mwamsanga momwe Iye anapanga bongo wabwino. Kukhala woyenera kwa grudnichka mwezi panali kugwirizana osakhalitsa, m'pofunika kuchita zambiri kubwereza zimakhudzira unconditioned ndi wabwino zikuchitika. Mu miyezi iwiri atatu mwana chabe reps ochepa kukhazikitsa kugwirizana kanthawi.

The chachiwiri dongosolo chizindikiro uyamba mawonekedwe ana a zaka zapakati pa wina ndi zaka theka, pamene pambuyo mobwerezabwereza anangotchula zinthu, pamodzi ndi chionetsero ake, mwana amayamba amalabadira mawu. Ana, izo zifika Amaonetsa ndi zaka 6-7.

kusintha maudindo

Motero, m'kupita kwa maganizo ndi thupi chitukuko cha ana paubwana ndi unyamata, pali kusintha tanthauzo ndi chofunikila pakati pa kachitidwe kusonyeza. Pa zaka sukulu ndipo mpaka chiyambi cha kutha msinkhu, wachiwiri dongosolo chizindikiro akubwera patsogolo. Akangotha msinkhu kumene, chifukwa kusintha kwakukulu m'thupi ndi thupi mu thupi la achinyamata mu nthawi yaing'ono ya dongosolo loyamba ma siginalo akutsogolera kachiwiri. Ndi sekondale, wachiwiri dongosolo chizindikiro kachiwiri amatsogolera ndi amasunga malo ake kutsogolera miyoyo yawo zonse zinasintha osauka.

mtengo

Woyamba dongosolo mbendera ya anthu, ngakhale kuchuluka akuluakulu wachiwiri, n'kofunika kwambiri zinthu zimenezi anthu ngati masewera, luso, maphunziro ndi ntchito. Popanda izo, sizingatheke ntchito woimba ndi wojambula, wosewera ndi munthu wothamanga akatswiri.

Ngakhale kufanana kwa dongosolo lino anthu ndi nyama, mu dongosolo ma siginalo woyamba a munthu - ndi zambiri zovuta ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa kapangidwe, monga zimachitika nthawi zonse ndi amgwirizano chachiwiri.