Thupi la munthu: chiwembu. Amene sayansi kuphunzira thupi la munthu?

Kodi mkati mwa thupi kuchokera mkati, anthu osangalatsidwa ndi nthawi amakezana. Ngakhale pamene malamulo zofunika imene anthu ankakhala, anali mpingo, choletsedwa kuphunzira Kapangidwe ka thupi, anali asayansi ndi naturalists, amene ngakhale onse kuligaŵa mitembo ya zinyama ndi anthu komanso kuchita amaganizira komanso kuphunzira mbali zonse chidwi.

Iwo sakanakhoza kuchotsa chidani izi chilakolako m'dera kudziwa. Choncho, pa nthawi, koma chinapezeka, mmene thupi la munthu. Chitsanzo dera dongosolo lililonse limba ndi analemba za akatswiri, testers, madokotala, asayansi, chifukwa ndi sayansi angapo alipo lero.

Kukula kwa nzeru za Kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu

Mu V m'ma BC mu craton anali munthu dzina lake Alkemon. Iye ndiye anali woyamba anasonyeza kuti akufuna kuphunzira dongosolo mkati mwa zamoyo, kotero kugaŵa nyama zakufa. Kupambana chachikulu - kopanda izi za ubale wa mphamvu ndi ubongo.

Kenako, kuchokera pafupifupi 460 BC, amayamba modekha ndi tima kukula kwa chidziwitso mbali imeneyi. A chopereka chachikulu kumvetsetsa zimene thupi (chiwembu cha dongosolo zake, zimachititsa chilumbachi ziwalo mkati akhala anafotokoza), anapanga asayansi awa:

1. Hippocrates.
2. Aristotle.
3. Plato.
4. Gerofil.
5. Klavdiy Galen.
6. Avicenna.
7. Leonardo da Vinci.
8. Andreas Vezaly.
9. Uilyam Garvey.
10. Casparo Azelli.

Zikomo kuti anthu awa anali wasenza chiwembu wamkulu wa Kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu. chidziwitso pafupi zinchito mbali, kachitidwe, ziwalo, zimakhala ndi kufunika kwake, komanso zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri.

XVII m'ma kwa sayansi onse anali m'nyengo stagnation, si sanaphedwe ndipo dera kuonedwa ndi ife. Koma patapita thupi chithunzi (Chithunzi mungathe onani pansipa) kwambiri Polemeretsedwa inu, zikomo woyengeka ndi kusandulika kwa atulukira ambiri. A njira yatsopano kuti amalola kuphunzira microstructure wa zitsulo intensively ntchito njira komanso chidwi, poyerekezera. Chopereka opangidwa mwapadera ndi:

• Charles Darwin;
• Schleiden ndi Schwann;
• Descartes;
• Lomonosov;
• Protasov;
• Shymlanskaya;
• mikate;
• Lesgaft;
• Mukhin;
• Carl Baer;
• Wolff;
• Pander;
• gawo;
• swordsmen;
• Pavlov ndi ena.

Choncho, anali kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mwa thupi, chiwembu anali wathunthu ndi kulingaliranso ziwalo zonse ndi kachitidwe. Today, aliyense wophunzira kuonedwa kuti zimachititsa chilumbachi, ndi nkhani ya aliyense mbali ya thupi kufufuza ntchito anachita ndi dongosolo mkati.

Chiwembu ambiri a "munthu - Zamoyo"

Ngati ife kulankhula zimenezi chiwembu, tisaiwale, chimodzimodzi chimene chiri mmenemo. Choyamba, izo zikhoza akuimira mu embodiments osiyana. Ena zithunzi izi ndi zithunzi ali yekha mafotokozedwe mawu, gulu la nyumba mkati mwa anthu kusonyeza ubwenzi wawo ndi ntchito. Komabe, ena mulibe kufotokozera aliyense, koma zikusonyeza mtunda malo ziwalo m'thupi, kusonyeza kuonetsa mgwirizano, angamulambirire dongosolo. Apa analembedwa ndi machitidwe limba. Ngati inu kuphatikiza options onse, ngati chiwembu adzakhala kwambiri wolemera, ndi ovuta kuwamvetsa. Mtundu wachiwiri ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Choncho, chiwembu ndi "Man - ndi zamoyo" zikuphatikizapo chifaniziro cha ziwalo izi kachitidwe thupi (ngati anapereka ndi buku zonse za thupi lonse):

1. Mtima ndi limfoobrazovatelnaya. Pali Chithunzi matupi anasonyeza mwatsatanetsatane ndi njira anthu.
2. Dongosolo m'mimba.
3. Minofu ndi mafupa, kapena minofu ndi mafupa.
4. Ubereki.
5. Excretory (mkodzo wotchedwa ophatikizana Ziwalo zoberekera ndi excretory a dongosolo).
6. Mantha ndi endocrine kachitidwe.
7. Imalandira, kapena mphamvu komanso kumvetsa.

Choncho, chiwembu limapereka mudziwe zambiri za Kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu ndi malo ziwalo zake. Komanso, pali zambiri matebulo osiyana ndi zithunzi, zithunzi, zimene zimaonekera microstructure mwatsatanetsatane chiwalo chilichonse. Limafotokoza mbali zonse za mlathowo kugwira ntchito ndi malo.

Ngati inu kuphatikiza zojambula onsewa, inu kupeza buku lonse. mabuku amenewa amatchedwa "zamoyo anthu matebulo ndi matchati" ndipo nthawi zambiri kwambiri ndi moyo wosalira zambiri chifukwa ana, ana asukulu ndi aphunzitsi. Ndithudi, mwachidule awo, mwachidule ndi momveka bwino ndizosowa zonse zofunika kumvetsa ambiri a kapangidwe ka anthu.

lymph dongosolo lomenyera

A udindo wapadera kukhala umoyo wa dongosolo masewero kuti thupi la umunthu. Koma ndi chiyani icho? Iwo likukhalira kuti dongosolo lymph, chomwe ndi womuyenerera zofunika ziwalo mtima. Mu akuphatikizapo - maselo, ndipo amatchedwa "maselo." Iwo ndi mbali ya kumbuyo lake zamoyo mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya, particles ena ndi onse achilendo.

Dongosolo lymphatic wa munthu, amene anapereka m'munsimu chiwembu angapo a nyumba kuti kupanga izo:

1. Makungwa ndi ducts.
2. Capillaries.
3. Ziwiya.
4. Lymph mfundo.

Pamodzi iwo amapanga Intaneti kuti si kutsekedwa, monga kuyenera mtima wa. Komanso m'dziko lino palibe chapakati ulamuliro thupi. Lymphatic madzimadzi (lymph) ndi mankhwala komaso malo intercellular, amene opanikizika wofatsa akamayendetsa ziwiya ndi mfundo, capillaries mitengo ikuluikulu.

Pa matenda, monga chimfine, aliyense angathe kupeza kutupa lymph mfundo za chamoyo. Iwo zili pansi nsagwada m'munsi mwa m'khwapa, groin m'deralo. Palpate iwo mosavuta zokwanira. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti mwa iwo pali nkhondo yaikulu ndi matenda. Choncho, chotchinga waukulu matenda - lymphatic dongosolo la munthu. Chiwembu limatisonyeza mmene ziwalo zonse structural zili ndi momwe iwo cholukanalukana.

dongosolo alimentary

Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri m'thupi. Ndipotu, ndi kuyamika ntchito yake munthu alandira zakudya kukula, chitukuko, mphamvu zako moyo. Popanda zakudya n'zosatheka kusuntha, kukula, amaganiza ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo aliyense ndondomeko amafuna mphamvu, ndilo nsinga mankhwala mamolekyulu thanzi.

Chiwembu zikusonyeza anthu dongosolo m'mimba, ziwalo umene maukonde aumbike.

1. The m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano, kuphatikizapo mano, lilime, m'kamwa ndi mkati mwa minofu tsaya.
2. The pharynx ndi kum'mero.
3. M'mimba.
4. zopangitsa m'mimba secreting zinsinsi kugaya chakudya.
5. Intestine, chomwe zigawo zingapo: ndi duodenum waung'ono intestine ndi m'matumbo.

mitsempha ya magazi

Bwaloli makope awiri, wopangidwa mwa thupi chachikulu - mtima - Ndi m'mithunzi therefrom mitsempha, ziwiya, capillaries. Onse magazi buku la munthu wamkulu pafupifupi 5 malita. Komabe, mlingo zimasiyanasiyana malinga thupi.

Mtima - ndi ulamuliro waukulu, akhoza kutenga rhythmically, kukakamiza magazi mu njira pa kufinya ena. Amakhala ndi zipinda zinayi, mwatcheru cholukanalukana.

Mantha dongosolo anthu

Chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri. Amakhala:

• ubongo;
• msana;
• maselo mitsempha;
• zimakhala.

Pafupifupi chidutswa chirichonse cha thupi maselo mitsempha. Amaonera zikuchitika, kupereka ululu, ndi kuchenjeza za ngozi. Kapangidwe awo ndi achilendo ndithu. Ubongo ndi msana monga angapo zigawo, aliyense amene amachita ulamuliro mokwanira cha machitidwe a gawo makamaka za thupi.

dongosolo imalandira

Anthu asanu:

1. Zooneka chowunikira.
2. Kumva.
3. Khungu ndi minofu tilinazo.
4. Olfactory ziwalo.
5. Kukoma chowunikira.

Onse a iwo limodzi ndi amapanga thupi la munthu. chithunzi limasonyeza dongosolo la mbali zina za dongosolo kachipangizo aumbike, amene ali mbali mu kapangidwe ndi zimene zimagwira ntchito zimagwiridwa.

Dongosolo excretory wa munthu

Kapangidwe ka dongosolo ndizo matupi zotsatirazi:

• impso;
• ndi chikhodzodzo;
• ureters.

dzina lina dongosolo lino - excretory. The Ntchito yaikulu - kuchotsa mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya, kuthetsa thupi la muli poizoni.

Science kuphunzira la munthu

Anthu ali zikuluzikulu. Ngakhale chiwerengero chawo chawonjezeka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. Ichi ndi sayansi monga:

• thunthu;
• Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa;
• umoyo;
• chibadwa;
• mankhwala;
• kuwerenga maganizo.

Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa akulingalira zokhudza ntchito kwa dongosolo. Imeneyo ndi ntchito yake kuti muyankhe funso ili: "Kodi zimenezi zimachitika" Mwachitsanzo, ndi chilangochi pa njira ya kugona ndi kusintha maso, mbali Anaphunzitsidwa za ntchito apamwamba mantha.

Chibadwa ndi thanzi la munthu

Chibadwa wakhala kuphunzira njira ya cholowa mbali zina, komanso zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za kusintha kwa anthu chromosomal zida. Ndi sayansi, anthu aphunzira kulosera kwambiri kuvutika kwa maselo a mwana wosabadwayo, kulamulira ndondomeko izi ndipo ngati n'kotheka, kuthandizapo ndi kusintha njira zake.

Ukhondo amathandiza kuti muyankhe funso ili: "N'chifukwa chiyani ukhondo ndi mmene kukwaniritsa thanzi" phunziro ili mwatsatanetsatane malangizo kusunga ukhondo wa thupi, za kufunika kwa ndondomeko za njira mthupi amene mwachindunji amadalira index a ukhondo, mlingo wa mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina. chilangochi ndi mwana, koma n'kofunika kuposa wina aliyense.

Psychology ndi Medicine

Psychology - zovuta yowawitsa sayansi kuti likulowerera chikumbumtima ndipo apamwamba ntchito mantha a umunthu. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti afotokoze njira zofunika zipangizo choganiza anthu. Pali zigawo zamaganizo kuti kuthana ndi mavuto onse chikhalidwe zokhudza anthu (zamaganizo a m'banja zaka, komanso ndi zina zotero).

Health - sayansi lofunika kwambiri limene likuchita ndi thanzi la munthu. Mwachibadwa, chimakhudzana M'mphepete amalanga ena onse: Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, thunthu zinthuzo, ukhondo komanso sayansi.

Kuweta Medicine anachokera mtundu wa anthu. Chifukwa, mwatsoka, anthu nthawi zonse odwala. Nthawi zonse, pafupi ndi iwo anali mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina, kumtundu (majini) matenda ndi matenda ena. Choncho, ino - imodzi yofunika kwambiri pankhani kupulumutsa moyo ndi thanzi.

Pali magawo ambiri, lopinda mankhwala mu chimodzi: opaleshoni, Oncology, hematology, madokotala, khungu, zoopsa, ndi ena. Onsewo ali apadera kwambiri pa nkhani yeniyeni, ndi njira zawo za kuphunzira vuto ndi kuthetsa nkhaniyo.

Nthawi zambiri, sayansi onse kuphunzira thupi ndi gulu limodzi. Pajatu zimagwirizana pamodzi ndi cholinga wamba - kufufuza, kufufuza, kufotokoza mbali zonse za thupi lathu, kukhala odziletsa kuti chiwalo chilichonse ndi mbali iri yonse yochepetsetsa ya thupi.

Kaswili ngati sayansi yaikulu

Kumene, woyamba, mbiri munamutcha nzeru za munthu ndi matabwa ake - ndi thunthu. Ndi chifukwa cha chitukuko cha chilango chimene anthu atadziwa zimene mabungwe ali mu thupi la munthu, iwo zili pamenepo (zimachititsa chilumbachi) zoti ndi mfundo imene zochokera ntchito zawo.

Pamwamba Takambirana yaikulu yachitika m'mbiri yakale chitukuko cha nzeru za anthu. Izi ndi thunthu la magawo chitukuko. Anthu amene maina mukuimira - oyambitsa ndi makolo chilango yaikulu komanso yofunika.

Ntchito thunthu wakhala munthu nthawi zonse - kuphunzira dongosolo mkati ndi kunja makhalidwe morphological ziwalo zonse ndi kachitidwe, komanso nsalu. Osati kanthu anatome Greek - "kudula".