Shredinger Ervin: chidwi mfundo, mbiri, anapeza, photos, zolemba. mphaka Schrödinger a

Erwin Schrödinger (zaka za moyo - 1887-1961) - Austria wasayansi, yemwe amadziwika monga mmodzi mwa anthu amene anayambitsa kwadzidzidzi zimango. Mu 1933 iye analandira Nobel Prize mu sayansi. Shredinger Ervin aone kuti pali ndi mlembi waukulu mu chigawo chino si relativistic kwadzidzidzi zimango. Amadziwika lero monga Schrödinger aone kuti pali.

Chiyambi, zaka zoyambirira

Vienna - mzinda chimene tinabadwa, anthu ambiri apadera, kuphatikizapo wasayansi wamkulu Erwin Schrödinger. Mwachidule mbiri yake ndiponso nthawi yathu ndi chidwi chachikulu, osati mabwalo sayansi. bambo ake anali Rudolf Schrödinger, industrialist ndi katswiri. Mayi ake anali mwana wa pulofesa m'dera la Chemistry, University of Vienna. Zinali theka la mngelezi. Ngakhale ngati mwana Ervin Shredinger, chithunzi chimene mudzapeza m'nkhani ino, anaphunzira Chingelezi, iye anadziwa, pamodzi ndi German. Mai wace akhali Lutheran, ndi atate wake - Roma Katolika.

Mu 1906-1910 gg., Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, iye anaphunzira pa Shredinger Ervin Gazenerlya F. ndi F. S. Eksnera. Ali mwana anali ndi chidwi ndi ntchito za Schopenhauer. Ikufotokoza chidwi nzeru za anthu, kuphatikizapo kum'mawa, mtundu chiphunzitso ndi kuzindikira, Vedanta.

Utumiki, ukwati, pulofesa ntchito

Shredinger Ervin anatumikira monga mtsogoleri wa zida zankhondo mu nthawi kuchokera 1914 mpaka 1918. Mu 1920, Erwin m'banja. Mkazi wake anali A. Bertel. mkazi wake anakumana Zeemahe m'chilimwe cha 1913, pamene mayesero kunachitika, zokhudzana ndi magetsi mumlengalenga. Kenako mu 1920, anakhala wophunzira wa M. Wine, amene ankagwira ntchito pa University of Jena. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Shredinger Ervin anayamba kugwira ntchito Stuttgart, kumene iye anali pulofesa. Patapita kanthawi, mu 1921 chomwecho, anasamukira Breslau, kumene adali kale pulofesa zonse. M'chaka cha Erwin Schrödinger anasamukira ku Zurich.

Moyo mu Zurich

Moyo mu mzindawu wakhala opindulitsa kwambiri wasayansi lapansi. Mfundo yakuti osati sayansi ya chikondi kuthera nthawi yawo Ervin Shredinger. Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wasayansi zimaphatikizapo chilakolako chake kwa maulendo kutsetsereka ndi kukwera mapiri. Ndi mapiri pafupi, anam'patsa mpata wabwino kukhala Zurich. Komanso, Schrodinger analankhulana ndi anzake Paulem Sherrerom, Peterom Debaem ndi Germanom Veylem, amene ankagwira ntchito pa Zurich Polytechnic. Zonsezi zinathandiza kuti ntchito za sayansi.

Komabe, nthawi imene Erwin anakhala mu Zurich, anali ndimachita matenda aakulu mu 1921-22. Wasayansi anadwala TB m'mapapo mwanga, kotero miyezi 9 mu Switzerland, m'tauni achisangalalo wa Arosa. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, zaka Zurich mwakuya anakhala zibereke kwambiri Erwin. N'kumene analemba ntchito zake pa zimango yoweyula, amene akhala tingachipeze powerenga. Amadziwika kuti kwambiri Weil anamuthandiza kuthetsa mavuto masamu anakumana ndi Erwin Schrödinger.

Schrödinger aone kuti pali

Mu 1926, Erwin inafalitsidwa mu magazini sayansi ndi nkhani zofunika kwambiri. Iwo anali kuimiriridwa ndi aone kuti pali, tikudziwa ngati Schrödinger aone kuti pali. M'nkhaniyi (Quantisierung ALS Eigenwertproblem) dzinali lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera ndi vuto la atomu wa hydrogen. Ndi kuti Schrodinger anafotokoza sipekitiramu ake. Nkhaniyi ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri mu sayansi m'zaka za m'ma 20. Iwo Schrödinger maziko a malangizo atsopano mu sayansi - yoweyula zimango.

Ntchito University of Berlin

Kudziwika, amene anabwera wasayansi ndi, anatsegula njira ake yapamwamba University of Berlin. Erwin anakhala wakonzekera kuti udindo wa Professor wa Physics ongolankhula. positi anamasulidwa pambuyo Maks thabwa anapuma. Schrodinger kugonjetsa chikaiko, anavomera. Iye anatenga ofesi October 1, 1927.

Mu Berlin, Erwin anapeza ngati okonda abwenzi mu nkhope Alberta Eynshteyna, Max Planck, Max Von Laue. Kulumikizana ndi iwo, kumene, anauzira wasayansi. Schrodinger University of Berlin anatsogolera nkhani pa sayansi, anachititsa misonkhano Physics Colloquium. Komanso nawo ntchito zosiyanasiyana gulu. Komabe, ambiri, Erwin anali yekha. Tikutero chifukwa chokumbukira a m'nthawi yake, komanso analibe ana.

Erwin kumanzere Germany, ndi Nobel Prize

Mu 1933, pamene Hitler anayamba kulamulira, anasiya University of Berlin Ervin Shredinger. mbiri yake, ngati inu mukuona, ikusonyezedwa ndi kuwoloka ambiri. Panthawi imeneyi wasayansi sakanakhoza kuchita mosiyana. M'chaka cha 1937 wazaka zapakati Schrödinger, amene sanafune kugonjera ku boma latsopano ndinaganiza zopita. Tikumbukenso kuti kukanidwa kwake cha Nazi Schrodinger konse anasonyeza poyera. Iye sanafune kulowerera ndale. Komabe, Germany zaka kupulumutsa apolitical anali pafupi zosatheka.

Pa nthawi ino, Frederick Lindemann, katswiri wa sayansi ya British, anapita Germany. Iye anapempha Schrödinger kupeza ntchito pa yunivesite ya Oxford. Scientist, kupita ku South Tyrol maholide chilimwe, sakubwerera kwa Berlin. Pamodzi ndi mkazi wake anadza kwa Oxford mu October 1933 atangobadwa kubera Erwin anaphunzira za mphoto ya Nobel Peace Prize (pamodzi ndi Paulo Dirac).

Jobs mu Oxford

Schrödinger ku Oxford anali membala wa Magadala College. Anali ndi ntchito palibe kuphunzitsa. Pamodzi ndi kumayiko ena asayansi kulandira mapulogalamu kuchokera Imperial Chemical Makampani kampani. Komabe, iye sakanakhoza kulowa ntchito malo ozungulira sankadziwa za yunivesite. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa - kupanda bungwe maphunziro, zochokera makamaka pa zamulungu chikhalidwe zaumunthu, chidwi mu sayansi amakono. Izo zinandipangitsa Schrödinger amaganiza kuti iye sanayenere ngati malipilo apamwamba ndi udindo. mbali ina ya kusapeza wasayansi ndi makamaka cikhalidwe, amene anali zonse chofuna ndiponso ikuluikulu. Izi chikundikakamiza ufulu Schrödinger, monga iye anavomereza. izi ndi mavuto ena onse, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama za pulogalamu mu 1936 lankhosa Erwin kuganizira mwayi wa ntchito. Kamodzi Schrodinger anapita Edinburgh, iye anaganiza zobwerera kumudzi.

Homecoming

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1936 wasayansi anayamba kugwira ntchito mu University Graz ngati katswiri wa sayansi ongolankhula. Komabe, anakhala ku Austria sunakhalitse. Mu March 1938, ndi Anschluss anatenga dziko ndipo anakhala mbali ya Nazi Germany. Scientist ndi thandizo kuchokera Rector ya University, analemba kalata wa chiyanjanitso, kusonyeza wofunitsitsa kupirira boma latsopanolo. March 30 inasindikizidwa ndipo anamupangitsa anachita zoipa gawo la anzake ochokera kunja. Komabe, zonsezi kuti sanathandize Erwin. Chifukwa cha kusadalirika ndale, iye anachotsedwa positi wotanganidwa ndi iye. Schrodinger zidziwitso boma analandira mu August 1938

Rome ndi Dublin

Scientist ku Roma monga lopondereza Italy anali ndiye boma basi kulowa chitupa cha visa chikapezeka si chofunika (iwo sakanakhoza kupereka Erwin). Ndi nthawi iyi Schrödinger analankhulana Eamon De Valera lomwe linatuluka koyamba, Irish Nduna. Iye anali katswiri wa masamu ndi maphunziro ndipo anaganiza kukhazikitsa mu Dublin, sukulu. De Valera lomwe linatuluka koyamba ogwidwawo kwa Erwin ndi mkazi wake, polumikizira chitupa cha visa chikapezeka, akutsegula yopitira Europe. Choncho anafika ku Oxford mu chaka cha 1938. Malingana ngati ntchito m'gulu la kutsegula kwa anauza Dublin, Erwin anatenga malo afika Ghent, Belgium. positi zimachokera mwa Afulanki Foundation.

Apa asayansi napeza Wachiwiri World nkhondo. Alowererepo De Valera lomwe linatuluka koyamba anathandiza Erwin (amene, pambuyo Anschluss ankaona nzika German, kuti ndi mdani wa dziko) kudutsa England. Iye anafika ku likulu la Ireland, October 7, 1939

Ntchito pa Dublin Institute zaka lomaliza

Institute Dublin kwa Studies mwaukadauloZida inali yololedwa anatsegula mu June 1940, Erwin anali Professor loyamba Physics ongolankhula - m'nthambi awiri oyambirira. Komanso, anaikidwa mkulu wa bungwe lija. Other ndodo, inatulutsidwa mochedwa (pakati pawo W. Heitler, Yanoshi L. ndi C. Lanczos, komanso ambiri a sayansi achichepere), akhoza kudzipereka kwathunthu kwa kafukufuku.

Erwin anatsogolera msonkhano, nkhani anayambitsa chilimwe kusukulu anayambitsa, amene anapita sayansi wotchuka kwambiri Europe. The chidwi chachikulu sayansi zaka Irish Schrödinger anali chiphunzitso yokoka, komanso nkhani zimene kugona pamphambano ya sayansi awiri - sayansi ndi zamoyo. Mu 1940-45 gg. ndi kuyambira 1949 mpaka 1956 wasayansi anali mkulu wa gulu la Physics ongolankhula. Ndiye iye anaganiza zobwerera kwawo, anayamba kugwira ntchito pa yunivesite ya Vienna pulofesa wa sayansi ongolankhula. Patatha zaka 2, wasayansi, yemwe panthawiyo anali ndi zambiri odwala, adaganiza m'tchalitchichi.

Schrodinger anakhala zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Alpbach, Tyrol m'mudzimo. Wasayansi anafa chifukwa aggravation TB ku chipatala cha Vienna. Zinali January 4, 1961 Alpbach anaikidwa Erwin Schrödinger.

mphaka Schrödinger a

Mwina munamvapo za kuli zodabwitsazi. Koma anthu kutali sayansi, kawirikawiri pang'ono amadziwika za iye. Tiyenera kulankhula za izi pamene anapeza zofunika kwambiri ndi chidwi anapangidwa Ervin Shredinger.

"Schrödinger a mphaka" - wotchuka ganizo kuyesera, amene ankanena Erwin. Scientist ntchito anafuna kusonyeza kuti kwadzidzidzi zimango ndi chosakwanira, pamene particles subatomic ku kusintha kachitidwe macroscopic.

Nkhani Erwin kufotokoza kuyesera anaonekera mu 1935. Izo ntchito kufotokoza phwando poyerekeza, wina akhoza kunena, ndi zina zofanana. Wasayansi limati pali mphaka ndi bokosi limene pali njira kupanga chidebe mpweya woipa ndi nyukiliya atomiki phata. Mu zimenezo, magawo amasankhidwa kuti azingokhala phata ndi Mwina 50% pa ola zimachitika. Ngati kugwa popanda, ndi chidebe mpweya adzatsegula ndi mphaka afa. Komabe, ngati izi sizichitika, nyama adzakhala ndi moyo.

Zotsatira zimenezo

Choncho, kusiya nyama bokosi, kudikira ora, ndi funso la ngati mphaka ndi moyo kapena ayi? Malinga ndi zimango kwadzidzidzi, atomiki phata (choncho nyama) ndi imodzi mwa mayiko onse (kwadzidzidzi superposition). Dongosolo la "mphaka - pachimake" pamaso kutsegula kwa bokosi ndi mwayi 50% mu "mphaka ndi akufa, anakomoka pachimake" ndi Mwina 50%, "ndi mphaka ndi moyo, pachimake si wosweka." Iwo likukhalira kuti nyama mkati, nthawi yomweyo nafa ayi.

Malinga ndi Copenhagen kutanthauzira, ndi mphaka adzakhala adakali kapena moyo kapena wakufa, popanda limati aliyense wapakati. Boma la kuvunda wa phata la amusankha, osati pamene bokosi tidutse, ndipo ngati akulowa phata mu chowunikira lapansi. Pambuyo kuchepetsa ntchito yoweyula mu nkhani iyi si ogwirizana ndi bokosi ndi Kulingalira (munthu), ndi pakati bwana (chowunikira).

Apa pali kuyesera chidwi imachitika Ervin Shredinger. Inayambira izo linapereka kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa sayansi. Pomaliza, Ndikufuna kufotokoza mfundo ziwiri zomwe iye ndi:

• "Izi - ndi chinthu chokha chimene alibe mapeto."
• "Ine ndikutsutsa otaya, koma kusintha otaya malangizo."

Pomaliza kumayambiriro kwa wasayansi wamkulu dzina - Erwin Schrödinger. Quotes, pamwamba, kulola pang'ono kuti awulule dziko mumtima mwake.