Kodi magetsi mumlengalenga?

Asayansi amakono ali ndi wambirimbiri kudziwa za m'mlengalenga ndi zosiyanasiyana njira kunachitika izo. Zingatanthauze kuti onse ayenera bwino kuphunzira ndi mosamalitsa amatsatira ankakonda asayansi Laboratories. Komabe, kwenikweni likukhalira kuti mpaka palibe bwino, lomveka chithunzi cha zochitika monga magetsi mumlengalenga. M'malo mwake, pali zitsanzo zingapo, omwe ali pluses ake ndi minuses.

A mbiri pang'ono

The munthu alikuimirira pa chiyambi cha kafukufuku wa sayansi komanso kutsimikizira kuti kuli lenileni la zodabwitsazi ndi otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse ideologist wa United States kukhala - Benjamin Franklin. Ndithudi, magetsi mumlengalenga monga chodabwitsa thupi linali pamaso pa siteji ya kuwerengetsera Wonenedwa. Mmodzi wa makolo kulemba America, woyamba kusonyeza kukhalapo kwake mu mlengalenga, ndipo anafotokozanso chifukwa pakutchulidwa mphezi. Kuganizira kwambiri nkhani imeneyi - chakuti Franklin ntchito mphamba kutsimikizira ndi wapadera wakuthwa waya pa izo.

Kusonkhanitsa Choncho magetsi, iye ali ndi mphamvu, kutsegula pansi zikuluzikulu za chiwembu losavuta. njira yosavuta kutsimikizira kuli particles ndi mlandu mlengalenga Komabe, kodi si angasokoneze nyota za ndale chachikulu ichi ndi wasayansi yoyambirira pansi pa kuganizira apa zochitika za chilengedwe. M'tsogolo, asayansi padziko lonse anayamba kutsimikizira zotsatira analandira zatsopano mwini wa mtundu uwu.

Kodi magetsi mumlengalenga?

Izi osakaniza njira zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa particles mlandu mpweya wozungulira dziko lapansi. Asayansi akhala akufufuza chodabwitsa ngati m'munda magetsi a m'mlengalenga, mwamphamvu ake, Mafunde kulili pankhani imeneyi milandu danga ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nyengo, zinthu zachilengedwe, mmene pa kumabungwe osiyanasiyana amene anthu anthropological: kuyendetsa ndege, makampani, ulimi ndi zina zotero ..

Yabwino thupi kufanizira

lathuli ndi mu chiyerekezo yaukali kwambiri ndi yaikulu ozungulira capacitor. Izi ndi chipangizo yosavuta umene ungawathandize magetsi. Pamene chimphona maelekitirodi capacitor angathe kuonedwa ionosphere ndi dziko lapansi pamwamba lokha. Pankhaniyi mpweya amachita ngati insulator amene zinthu zachilendo, ali otsika kwambiri magetsi madutsidwe. dziko lapansili ndi zoipa mlandu ndi ionosphere - ndithu.

Monga pakati pa zigawo ndi capacitor ochiritsira, pali aumbike minda magetsi ali ndi mikhalidwe yapadera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mwamphamvu ake ndi pazipita padziko, kucheperachepera exponentially ndi kuwonjezeka okwera. Mwa njira, kale makilomita 10 kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja, phindu lake ndi nthawi 30 m'munsi. Pofunika amapanga mu nthaka ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, ogwirizana mu dzina ambiri "mumlengalenga magetsi."

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ambiri mwa zitsanzo ano sayansi dziko. Njirayi imatchedwa chiphunzitso Wilson. Palinso kungoganizira atapereka ndi wasayansi Soviet Frenkel, malinga ndi zimene ionosphere alibe udindo uliwonse kwambiri pa chilengedwe cha munda magetsi. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti aumbike makamaka ndi mogwirizana kwa dziko lapansili ndi mitambo, komanso kugawanika awo.

jenereta zachilengedwe

Koma ngati inu tibwerere ku chitsanzo capacitor, amene amapereka zinthu zofunika koyenera wabwino, koma ndi theoretically n'zotheka kulenga magwero a pafupifupi ufulu mphamvu ya magetsi mumlengalenga akuwonekera yekha mu njira zingapo zofunika. Tiyeni tione zofunika kwambiri.

Choyamba ndi otchedwa kutayikira panopa. Koma capacitor ochiritsira ndi parasitic zotsatira kuti kuchepetsa nchito zake kukhalabe mlandu. Ngati mlengalenga ndi convective mafunde anapanga Mwachitsanzo, mphepo yamkuntho ndi mphepo malo. mphamvu zawo ukufika zikwizikwi amperes, ndipo, ngakhale, kusiyana ulipo pakati pa padziko lapansi ndi ionosphere si akukumana kusintha kulikonse kwambiri, kukhalabe, mwachibadwa, mphamvu kumunda. B chikukhudza capacitor dera, zimatheka ngati jenereta zina.

Potsatira mfundo, m'pofunika kuganiza kuti kuli zofanana pa nkhani ya m'mlengalenga. Ndithudi, ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera lilipo. Izi maginito ya dziko lathuli, lomwe imazungulira pamodzi ndi mu mtsinje wa dzuwa amalenga jenereta wamphamvu. Mwa njira, pali lingaliro la ntchito mphamvu yake, kupalasa njinga basi mumlengalenga magetsi. Free mphamvu - ndi amazipanga wamphamvu nzothandiza makamaka chitukuko cha ganizo sayansi minda zochita za anthu. Wathunso zimenezi ndi zakuthambo zochitika mumlengalenga. Koma ichi - pang'ono.

thunderstorms

Zotsatirazi chidwi ndi zofunika ndondomeko zikuchitika mu mlengalenga - ndi mphamvu mpweya kumaliseche m'munsili mafunde. Pamene mafunde convective, izi chodabwitsa parasitic mu mawu a capacitor chitsanzo cha m'munda magetsi kwaiye pakati padziko lapansi ndi ionosphere. Ndipo ichi, mwatsoka, si kwa kungasokoneze zodabwitsa kumaliseche mu mlengalenga. Tikumbukenso mphezi pangozi kwa zinthu pansi pa zochita za anthu, kuphatikizapo mavuto aakulu amene mantha ndi katundu matenthedwe kuti ayende zodabwitsazi zoopsa.

mphezi

Umboni wa chikhalidwe magetsi mphezi, kotero elegantly anatsimikizira Franklin, ndipamene funso achilengedwe. Ambiri mwina, iye nkhawa m'nthawi woyamba bambo. Choncho, mumlengalenga magetsi - ndi mkulu kapena otsika voteji?

Malinga ndi kale capacitor chitsanzo, kusiyana ulipo pakati pa maelekitirodi ayenera kupanga mapulaneti lonse munda magetsi. Ndithudi, moyipa mlandu padziko lapansi mbali imodzi ndipo ndithu mlandu ionosphere mawonekedwe lalikulu munda mphamvu. zochitika magetsi m'mitambo kulenga danga yaikulu mlandu basi mu mlengalenga m'munsi. Choncho, munda mwamphamvu padziko lapansi ndi yokulirapo kuposa Mwachitsanzo, pamalo okwera 10 Km.

Nchachidziwikire, magetsi kumunda mwamphamvu amapanga wamphamvu mafunde kumaliseche kuti wosadziwa amatsata kuwona pamene mvula yamabingu wamba mu M'madera a zitunda pakati. Choncho, voteji mu kumaliseche njira ndi mkulu.

moto St. Elmo a

Kuwonjezera mphanvu mu mlengalenga pali ndi kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga kumaliseche, amene, chifukwa cha mwambo mbiri, amatchedwa nyali ya St. Elmo. Ikukhala ngati burashi kapena matabwa wowala pa zinthu mkulu kumapeto, ngati masts ngalawa, nsanja, ndi zina zotero. N. Ndipo mupenye zodabwitsazi zitha kukhala mu mdima. Chifukwa cha moto wa St. Elmo ndi kuonjezera magetsi kumunda mphamvu ya chilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, pamene tikuyandikira kapena pa chiphaliwali, namondwe, mikuntho chisanu ndi T D..

Chotero kumaliseche angakhale N'zosavuta kuti kunyumba. Ndithudi, mumlengalenga magetsi ndi manja awo - ndi wosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza vula juzi wake ndi kupanga anayamba kumubweretsera singano. Ndi mtunda wina pa nsonga yake adzakhala kukwaniritsa zomwe zingaoneke bwino mu mdima.

fireball

mawonetseredwe wina mafunde - mpweya kumaliseche, kawirikawiri ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Ndipafupifupi fireball ndi, amene ali wapadera komanso yosowa kwambiri zachilengedwe. Asayansi sangathe kubwera pamodzi mu ongolankhula kulungamitsidwa chokwanira kuli zodabwitsazi. Koma mpaka 2012 panalibe umboni zopelekedwa wa zenizeni za mpira mphezi. Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, ndi chinsinsi ina ya m'mlengalenga, pa amene adakali kumenya asayansi.

chinthu zachilengedwe

Tanena kale za mmene mphezi pa zosiyanasiyana zochitika za anthu. Atmospheric magetsi monga chinthu zachilengedwe ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri, yomwe ayenera kusiya. Kuchokera kaonedwe ka chitukuko zosiyanasiyana anthu ogwira ntchito anapereka kwa iye dziko lapansili, chilengedwe mpweya chimam'thandiza kukhala zolengedwa mitundu.

Pamaso pa minda ya magetsi mu mlengalenga ali zotsatira zambiri zosasangalatsa ntchito anthu. Ena mwa iwo ndi chabwinobwino ndithu, koma zizindikiro zambiri zimene akanatha zomangamanga maganizo kubwera ndi njira chotheka pofuna kusangalatsa asilikali oopsa a chilengedwe.

Umoyo ndi chitetezo

Atmospheric magetsi ndi kutetezedwa izo - nkhani yaikulu kwambiri kuti kukamba pa nkhani ya zachilengedwe. Mwachibadwa, ndi owopsa - ndi nsakali amphamvu kwambiri ngati mphezi. Ndipo izi akugwira ntchito osati mitundu nthaka. Intracloud mphezi nkhondo yotere kwa boma ndi asilikali kuyendetsa ndege. Lang'anani pa zochitika zonse pang'ono mumlengalenga imvera kutseka polojekiti ndi kupewa kuvulaza. Iwo zikugwira ntchito yapadera zomangamanga mofanana ndege, shipbuilding kapena mphezi chitetezo cha nyumba, maofesi mphamvu ndi zina zotero. N.

Free mphamvu

Pomaliza tiyeni tibwerere ku funso pafupifupi ufulu mphamvu zimene zingathandize magetsi mumlengalenga. Tesla, wotchuka mbuye mphezi, anakhala kuchuluka yaikulu kafukufuku kwa kugwiritsa ntchito chodabwitsa zachilengedwezi. khama lake sanali pachabe. Akatswiri amakono Maluso njira zosiyana kupanga mphamvu mogwirizana ndi chakuti pali amphamvu magetsi kumunda pafupi padziko lapansi.

A chitsanzo chapadera ndi vertically wokwera dera ndi wochititsa chinakhazikika, pakati pa malekezero chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi limene kusiyana angathe zikuoneka chifukwa kukhalapo kwa munda womwewo. The mphamvu opangidwa ndi iwo, akhoza yotengedwa kupanga kutha pamwamba wochititsa womwe kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga kumaliseche. Chifukwa, kondakitala akhoza kusungidwa panopa, choncho mosavuta kugwirizana kwa izo makasitomala.

Choncho, magetsi mumlengalenga, ngakhale kuopseza zochitika adalinso, komanso atsegula chiyembekezo chachikulu kwa anthu onse pafupifupi ufulu mphamvu.