Kupititsa madzi - kuti ... madzi m'zigawozo la Russia

madzi Kupititsa - ali mbali ya madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja wamng'ono kwa ulamuliro yekha wa State ena. The United Nations zodziwika zone m'lifupi - 12 kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi mtunda, kuchokera mwa nyanja nthawi ya mafunde pazipita.

madzi kumtunda

madzi Kupititsa - izo ndi madzi mkati, kuphatikizapo mitsinje, nyanja, m'malo yopapatiza coves, fjords, etc. Iwo ukugwira ntchito ulamuliro mtheradi, si Kumvetsela ku malamulo a Nyanja panganoli ...

Madzi malo pakati pa zilumba, akamaziwononga ndi kumtunda madzi. Mayiko ambiri (Indonesia, Philippines) ndi yaikulu mkati zone loletsa Ndime ziwiya yachilendo. Pofuna kulepheretsa navigation, adzakwapulidwa ovomerezedwa ndi Boma la kunjira nyanja navigation m'Chingelezi chosavuta.

Kupititsa nyanja

Mwalamulo gawo la nyanja akuti ndi dera lawo (Ocean) amawatenga UN mu zone 12 mailosi. maiko oyandikana ndi nyanja zambiri amavomereza bilaterally pa Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo madera a udindo. Ngati atagwirizana chimodzi simudalandira, malire anatsimikiza ndi mfundo equidistant ochokera m'madera dziko.

Zochita mbali ya boma kutanthauziridwa mu chilamulo chake apanyanja, kuphatikizapo yekha madzi mwayekha m'dera kupitirira nyanja malo. Zimayambitsa mikangano ndi zinthu zamoyo zachilengedwe, njira malo.

zone contiguous

Madzi m'zigawozo boma kuti anali woyendera nthambi contiguous, monga akufotokozera makilomita 12. gawo lotetezedwa A analengedwa kuti ulendo wina. Pano, mphamvu malire mwina mwina kulamulira navigation, kuti akamkole opha nyama ndi achifwamba, kudziwa thanzi, m'dziko ndi miyambo malamulo adaniwo.

Zombo Zankhondo mayiko ena, monga ulamuliro, ayenera kuvomerezedwa kuti akonze zone contiguous ndi boma - kuyenda padziko. Komabe, zofunika si zodziwika bwino ndipo malamulo mbali mwa pangano dera, kapena "chilamulo cha wamphamvu."

zone mwakathithi zachuma

madzi Kupititsa - si 24 mailosi dera udindo wapadera. Nation limati ali ndi ufulu patsogolo chitukuko cha otchedwa zone yekha chuma. Iwo umachokera kwa 370 Km (200 kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi mailosi) kuchokera ku doko mzere (kapena madzi kumtunda), ngati palibe zoletsa Kupititsa mu mawonekedwe a malire apanyanja a maiko oyandikana.

State mu EEZ akhoza payekha (kapena ndi zibwenzi) kuchotsa mchere, kukhala minda hydrocarbon, nsomba ndi nsomba zina, kumanga minda mphepo ndi mphamvu osefukira, kuchita kufufuza ndi zina zotero. D. Ndi ngakhale pomanga zilumba yokumba ndi ntchito zachuma.

Nthawiyi, Chilamulo cha Nyanja limaletsa ulesi ndege ndi ndimeyi mtendere zotengera za maiko ena. Analola gasket pothandiza anthu, mapaipi. Komanso, chipani likuyesetsa kuteteza chilengedwe, kuthetsa masoka zachilengedwe.

zone alumali

The nyanja Kupititsa mulinso gawo la anawonjezera alumali chokhala. Mphamvu States mu zone alumali mwachuluka ofanana ndi mphamvu EEZ lapansi. madera awa mwina alipo, zimene zinachitikira malamulo a mabacteria chuma ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri.

Ngati alumali imafika kupitirira zone yekha chuma ndi zatsimikiziridwa m'madzi kutambasuka kwa gawo chokhala wa dziko, boma ali ndi ulamuliro ndalama zanga zachilengedwe, nsomba, ndi zina zotero. D. Zone ntchito zachuma chimafikira kupitirira EEZ a 200 350 miles kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi kwa katundu wambiri.

Madzi m'zigawozo Russia

Ku Russia, asaaonerera m'madera ambiri nyanja. Malirewo umachokera kwa 38.800 Km. Madzi kumtunda monga Nyanja White, Chosha Bay, Pechersky mlomo. Nyanja ya Okhotsk, chifukwa cha unyolo Kuril, ndi mbalinso ya madzi Kupititsa ndi malo wokwanira udindo. Ndi zoletsedwa kukawedza m'mayiko ena popanda chilolezo chapadera.

Zoni zachuma chimakwirira oposa 4 Km ^2. Pamafunikanso nyanja lonse:

• Kara;
• Laptev
• East Siberia;
• Okhotsk;
• White.

Gawo la:

• Black;
• Azov;
• Caspian;
• Baltic;
• Barents;
• Chukchi;
• Bering;
• Japanese;
• Pacific Ocean;
• Arctic.

Kudera limeneli m'tsogolo adzakhala sitima ya chuma. chuma enieni madzi kwambiri. Maalumali wolemera mchere ndi miyala zipangizo, mafuta ndi gasi. Anakonza yomanga m'madzi robotic m'mizinda mafakitale, amene udzabala, mayendedwe, mwina pokonza mphatso za dziko lapansi.

mikangano

Kupititsa madzi - m'dera limene, Kumvetsela malamulo Nyanja Convention. Koma si nzika zonse ndithu kutsatira madalitso ake. Nthawi zambiri delineation wa Kupititsa nyanja pakati pa anansi anamasuliridwa mu mgwirizano wa mayiko, mikangano ngakhale asilikali.

Mwachitsanzo, United States ndi Libya kawiri (1981, 1989) anakumana nawo ku mkangano pa Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo cider Bay. Iye juts kwambiri m'dziko la Africa, koma lonse zokwanira kukhala phunziro kwa ulamuliro yekha a m'derali, koma Libya imatengedwa wake. M'zaka zaposachedwapa simungathe kugawaniza malire a madzi m'zigawozo Nicaragua ndi Costa Rica. Mkangano zamtendere limodzi ndi kuopseza nkhondo asilikali.

mikangano osatha zimachitika pakati Turkey ndi Greece, Japan ndi China, Indonesia ndi Timor. Gawo la South China Sea zingakubweretsereni ndi zikuluzikulu nkhondo pakati China, Vietnam, ndi Philippines, United States ndi zipani zina.

Nkhondo kwa Arctic

mikangano wakhala nthawi yaitali pakati zikuchitika m'mayiko circumpolar. Mwachitsanzo, madzi m'zigawozo mayiko Russia-okondedwa ndi Russia yokha ndi demarcated mosiyana. Ku Russia amaona kudera zone zinthu njira ya malire kunja kwa Region Murmansk ndi Chukotka ku North Pole. Norway, Canada, United States ndi nambala ya kufunika zina kuchepetsa dera, malinga ndi malamulo a Convention. Pakali pano, United States ndi Canada okha momasuka kumasulira malamulowa pankhani zofuna njira.

Maalumali ali olemera mu mchere, kotero ndi nzika za mikangano lonse. Mwachitsanzo, hydrologists Russian mu 2000s anali kuphunzira wapadera kutsimikizira umwini wa m'madzi zitunda Mendeleyev University ndipo Chukchi Plateau ku Asia chokhala alumali. Pa mbali ya gawo ankati ndi Greenland (Denmark). Maulendowa 2007 chinalepheretsa zalembedwa zokonda chuma Russia m'dera Arctic.

Kuyambira chaka cha 2010, patsogolo alumali chokhala ankati ndi Canada likuvutika kozizira undersea m'madera. Makamaka, amaona mbali ya Mendeleev kutambasuka kwa North America. Zilibe aleke zodzinenera zake ndi Denmark. Pochita zimenezi, zapangitsa Russia kutsitsimutsa zapansi asilikali pa zilumba kumpoto Novosibirsk, Frantsa Iosifa, Dziko Latsopano ndi zina kuteteza zofuna za. Pazokambirana 2015-2016 safunika akatsimikizire njira kukondera pa mndandanda alumali.

mikangano zimenezi zikuchitika mu madzi Antarctic, chiwerengero cha mayiko (Chile, Argentina, Norway, etc.) Kodi gawo la gawo mfumu ya kumtunda. Izi zikusiyana mwaubwino UN, amadziwa achisanu Africa ndale nthambi. Ambiri, maiko khumi atatu chonena kuti Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo malire apanyanja.