The puloteni catalase: zinthu zofunika

Catalase - puloteni anapeza zamoyo pafupifupi amoyo onse. Ntchito yake yaikulu - kuti catalyze kuwonongeka kwa hydrogen peroxide wosavulaza kwa chamoyo. Catalase ndi zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa maselo, monga amaziteteza ku chiwonongeko mwa mitundu zotakasika mpweya.

mwachidule

The puloteni catalase chikukhudza oxidoreductase - kalasi lonse za michere kuti catalyze kulanda ma elekitironi ku kuchepetsa molekyulu (wopereka) kwa oxidant molekyulu (acceptor).

The pH akadakwanitsira kwa catalase mu thupi za 7 Komabe, mlingo anachita sasintha kwambiri pa mfundo za index wa hydrogen kuchokera 6.8 kuti 7.5. The pH akadakwanitsira kwa catalases zina zapakati pa 4 ndi 11, malingana ndi mtundu wa chamoyo. Kutentha akadakwanitsira ndi osiyana munthu za 37 ^° C

Catalase - mmodzi wa michere yachangu. kam'bulu kamodzi kokha amatha kusintha mamiliyoni ake mamolekyulu wa hydrogen peroxide kwa madzi ndi mpweya pa mphindi. Kumbali ya enzymology kutanthauza kuti ambiri kusintha khalidwe la enzyme catalase.

kapangidwe enzyme

Catalase ndi tetramer unyolo polypeptide anayi, omwe ali oposa 500 kwa amino zidulo m'litali. The puloteni wapangidwa ndi magulu anayi wa heme porphyry, ndi mwa zomwe amachitira ndi mitundu yogwira oxygen. The oxidized heme apulasitiki gulu ndi catalase.

History of anapeza

Catalase sankadziwika asayansi zaka 1818 mpaka Louis Jacques Thénard sayansi anapeza maselo a hydrogen peroxide wamoyo osati adafotokoza kuti kwe chifukwa zochita za chuma chosadziwika kwachilengedwenso.

Mu 1900, ndi sayansi German, Oskar Leo koyamba za "catalase" mawu amenewa ponena chachinsinsi mankhwala decomposing peroxide. Iye anatha kuyankha funso, kumene enzyme catalase uli. Chifukwa cha zatsopano zambiri Oskar Leo anasonyeza kuti enzyme izi ndi khalidwe pafupifupi onse nyama ndi zomera. Maselo, komanso michere ena ambiri, catalase ali peroxisomes.

Mu 1937 iye anali woyamba kuwumitsa catalase ku ng'ombe chiwindi. 250 kD - maselo kulemera kwa enzyme ndi anatsimikiza mu 1938. Mu 1981 asayansi analandira zithunzi za dongosolo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena za Bovine catalase.

The catalysis wa hydrogen peroxide

Ngakhale mfundo yakuti hydrogen peroxide - mankhwala njira zambiri zachibadwa kagayidwe kachakudya, si vuto lililonse kwa thupi.

Kuteteza chiwonongeko cha maselo zimakhala, hydrogen peroxide ayenera mofulumira n'kukhala zina, kupatula oopsa kwa thupi. Ndi kusamuka ndi uzigwirizana enzyme catalase - izo linawola ndi peroxide kuti zamoyo ziwiri mamolekyulu madzi ndi okosijeni.

Zimene hydrogen peroxide kuwonongeka m'zinthu zamoyo:

2 H ₂ O ₂ → 2 H ₂ O + O ₂

Limagwirira maselo a pogawanikana pamawere enzyme wa hydrogen peroxide ndi catalase sanayambebe ndendende anamvetsa. Amaganiza kuti zimene zimachitika magawo awiri - gawo loyamba linali ndi chitsulo catalase gulu apulasitiki amakondanso ndi mpweya atomu a peroxide, ichi amapanga kam'bulu kamodzi ka madzi. Mu ndime yachiwiri ya heme oxidized zimavuta ndi molekyulu wina wa hydrogen peroxide, potero kupanga molekyulu wina wa madzi ndi molekyulu mmodzi wa oxygen.

Kudzera mwa zochita za enzyme catalase kwa hydrogen peroxide, kukhalapo kwa chinthu mwakhama toyesa minofu mosavuta zotsimikizika. Kuti izi kuwonjezera zokwanira mayeso kuyesa pang'ono hydrogen peroxide ndi kusunga anachita. Pamaso pa enzyme auza mapangidwe thovu oxygen. Zimenezi ndi zabwino chifukwa sikutanthauza zipangizo zapadera kapena zida - izo Tingaone ndi apoyera.

Dziwani kuti ion wa zitsulo aliyense lolemera akhoza kuchita ngati woletsa noncompetitive wa catalase. Komanso, tonse cyanide kudziwika ndi khalidwe ngati woletsa mpikisano wa catalase, ngati zimakhala zambiri hydrogen peroxide. Arsenates zinthu monga activators.

ntchito

Action wa enzyme catalase linawola hydrogen peroxide lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito makampani chakudya - ntchito enzyme izi atachotsedwa mkaka H ₂ O ₂ yokonza tchizi. Wina ntchito - wapadera ma CD chakudya amateteza mankhwala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Catalase amagwiritsidwanso ntchito makampani nsalu za kuchotsa hydrogen peroxide kwa nsalu.

Izo ntchito mu ukhondo wa magalasi kukhudzana zedi yaing'ono. Ena disinfectants ndi lopangidwa hydrogen peroxide ndi catalase ntchito unagawanika chigawo ichi pamaso reusing magalasi.

ntchito

Ntchito ya catalase enzyme zimadalira m'badwo wa chamoyo. The zimakhala wamng'ono wa ntchito enzyme ndi apamwamba kuposa mu chakale. Ndi m'badwo anthu ndi nyama catalase ntchito pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa chifukwa cha kukalamba, zimakhala ndi ziwalo.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku amene anachitika posachedwapa, kuchepa kwa catalase ntchito ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe zotheka tsitsi graying. Wa hydrogen peroxide amapangidwa mosalekeza mu thupi, koma sizingawononge - catalase linawola mwamsanga. Koma ngati mlingo wa puloteni imeneyi yafupika, n'zoonekeratu kuti si hydrogen peroxide zonse catalyzed ndi puloteni lapansi. Choncho, discolors kuchokera mkati tsitsi ndi Kutha utoto achilengedwe. Izi chinapezeka mosayembekezereka panopa akuyesedwa ndi ofufuza, ndipo mwina amagwira nawo ntchito chitukuko cha mankhwala, kusakhulupirira graying tsitsi.