Mariya Kyuri. Maria Sklodowska-Curie: MBIRI. Marii Kyuri University mu Lublin

Back mu zaka za m'ma 20, pamaso pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, pamene kuyeza ndi pang'onopang'ono akungotuluka nthawi madona ankavala corsets, ndi akazi kale ndakwatira, anali kupitiriza maonekedwe (kwa munda ndi kukhala kunyumba), Kyuri Mariya anali kupereka awiri Nobel mphatso: mu 1908 - mu sayansi, mu 1911 - mu zimapangidwira. Anatenga kwambiri ya woyambayo, koma mwina chopambana - ndi Mariya wapanga kusintha kwenikweni mu chikumbumtima anthu. Akazi pambuyo iye molimba mtima analowa sayansi popanda kuopa gawo la asayansi, wopangidwa pa nthawi ya amuna, kusekedwa chipani. munthu Amazing anali Mariya Kyuri. Wambiri anapereka pansipa kungakuthandizeni kukhulupirira izi.

magwero

Buthulo dzina la mkaziyo anali Sklodowska. bambo ake, Vladislav Sklodovsky ndipo anamaliza mu nthawi yake St. Petersburg University. Kenako anabwerera ku Warsaw kuphunzitsa masamu ndi sayansi ku sekondale. mkazi wake, Bronislava, munali alendo ndi gulu la atsikana sukulu. Anathandiza padziko mwamuna wake, anali kukonda mokhudza kuwerenga. Onse m'banjamo anali ndi ana asanu. Maria Sklodowska-Curie (Manya dzina lake monga mwana) - wamng'ono.

Warsaw ubwana

ubwana wake kutsokomola mayi. Bronislaw anadwala TB. Iye anafa pamene Mariya anali ndi zaka 11 zokha. Chidwi ndi luso kuphunzira osiyana Sklodowska ana onse, ndi Manu anali sangathe kugwetsera kuchokera bukhu. atate wake analimbikitsa kodi kumulakalaka kuphunzira ana awo. Chinthu chokha chimene kusokoneza banja, - kufunika kuphunzira Russian. Mu chithunzi pamwambapa - nyumba imene anabadwa ndipo anakhala ali mwana Maria. Tsopano apa pali owonetsera zakale.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Poland

Poland unali mbali ya Russian Ufumu. Choncho, malamulo ankalamulira akuluakulu onse Russian, onani kuti zinthu zonse zinali mu chinenero cha ufumuwo. Ana anali mapemphero ngakhale Catholic kuwerenga mu Russian, koma osati zawo, pamene iwo anapemphera ndipo analankhula kunyumba. Vladislav chifukwa cha ulesi. Ndipotu, nthawi zina mwana wasukulu, bwino masamu, amene mwangwiro anathana mavuto Polish osiyana, zonse mwadzidzidzi "Tupelo" pamene chofunika kusinthana kwa Russian, zomwe iye sakanati adziwe. Kuyambira ndili mwana, atakawona manyazi izi zonse, Maria moyo wake wonse tsogolo Komabe, ngati anthu ena a boma, chinang'ambika pa nthawi popanda anali patriot aukali ndi ovomerezeka membala wa Parisian fraternities Polish.

alongo zokopa

Mtsikanayo zinali zovuta kukula popanda mayi. Bambo otanganidwa kuntchito nthaŵi zonse, aphunzitsi pedantic ku sekondale ... Manya abwenzi ambiri ndi Zida, mlongo wake. Anagwirizana kuti achinyamata kuti anapidziwadi kuphunzira zambiri, pambuyo pa mapeto a masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi. Mu Warsaw, maphunziro apamwamba kunali kosatheka kuti mu kanthawi akazi, choncho analota za Sorbonne. Pangano linali motere: choyamba Zida adzayamba maphunziro awo monga iye ali wamkulu. Koma Manya amenewa ndalama maphunziro ake. Atamva ndi dokotala, nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuphunzira Manya ndi mlongo wake zidzathandiza zambiri. Komabe, kunapezeka kuti loto la Paris anachedwa pafupifupi 5 zaka.

Job aboma

Manya anabwera aboma ku malo a Pike, ana a mwinimunda wachuma m'deralo. eni Sanayamikire maganizo wowala wa mtsikanayo. Pa khwerero liri, iwo anapereka kumvetsa kuti iye ali mtumiki osauka. The Pike mtsikana anakhala zovuta, koma iye anali kuvutika chifukwa cha Zida. alongo onse awiri maphunziro a sekondale ndi n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi. M'bale Yusef (komanso, poyamba, golide medalist) anapita ku Warsaw, analowa Medical luso. Elia komanso analandira Mendulo, koma zonena zake anali wodzichepetsa. Anaganiza zongokhala ndi bambo ake kuthamanga chuma. 4 mlongo akufa mwana mu banja, pamene iye anali akadali moyo, mayi ake. Ambiri, Vladislav angayenerere kukhala kunyadira ana awo alipobe.

Wokonda loyamba

ana asanu anali Maria ntchito. Anandiphunzitsa wamng'ono, koma patchuthi zambiri ankabwera Kazimierz, mwana wamkulu. Iye anafotokoza kuti wotereyo aboma zachilendo. Iwo inali kudziyimira pawokha lalikulu. Komanso, anali msungwana wa nthawi ndi zachilendo, izo siketing'i bwino anakwanitsa ndi nkhafi, skilfully malamulo ndi oyendetsa anakwera. Ndipo komabe, monga kenako anavomereza Kazimierz, kutikonda kwambiri kulemba ndakatulo ndi kuwerenga mabuku pa masamu, amene ankawoneka ndakatulo yake.

Pakati pa achinyamata patapita kanthawi panali kumverera Plato. Manu Inabuka mtima chifukwa chakuti makolo a chibwenzi chake wamwano sibwenzi zinamupatsa yolumikizana likuwayenera ndi aboma a. Kazimierz anabwera tchuthi m'chilimwe ndi maholide, ndi ena nthawi ankakhala ziyembekezo msonkhano. Koma tsopano ndi nthawi kupuma ndi kupita ku Paris. Manya kumanzere Pike mwankhawa - kukhala Kazimierz zakale ndipo anayatsa chikondi zaka zoyambirira.

Ndiye, pamene moyo wa Maria 27 wazaka adzakhala Per Kyuri, nthawi yomweyo amadziwa kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa mwamuna wake. Zinthu adzakhala osiyana ngati naye - popanda maloto zachiwawa ndi kubuka maganizo. Mwina Mary chabe akamakula?

Chipangizo ku Paris

Iye anafika mu 1891 ku France. Zida ndi mwamuna wake, Kazimierz Dlusskiy ntchito monga dokotala, anayamba kumusamalira. Komabe, motsimikiza Maria (mu Paris, iye anayamba kuitana yekha Marie) anatsutsa zimenezi. Iye anavula chipinda wake, ndipo ndinalembetsa Sorbonne, mu mphamvu ya sayansi. Marie anakakhala Paris kotala Latin. Malaibulale, Laboratories, ndi yunivesite khomo pafupi ndi iwo. Dlusskiy mlongo wake potsitsa mkazi wake dzanja galimoto wodzichepetsa katundu. Marie m'pang'ono pomwe kuti athetse ndi mtsikana wina kuti kulipira chipinda zochepa - akufuna kuthana ndi mochedwa ndipo chete. bajeti lake linali 1892, 40 rubles, kapena franc 100 mwezi, mwachitsanzo. E. 3 ndi Franc pang'ono tsiku. Ndipo kunali koyenera kulipira chipinda, zovala, chakudya, mabuku, m'mabuku ndi maphunziro pa yunivesite ... Iye nakonza zakudya zanu. Ndipo pamene iye anagwira ntchito kwambiri, kenako anakomoka bwino m'kalasi. Mnzanga anathamanga kupempha thandizo kwa Dlusskiy. Ndipo iwo anatenganso kuti Mariya kotero kuti iye akanakhoza kulipira zochepa nyumba ndi kudya bwino.

Kuzolowerana ndi Pierre

Lina mnzakeyo Mary anam'pempha kuti akaone wasayansi wotchuka ku Poland. Ndiye iye choyamba anaona mwamuna amene anali kuyembekezera ina kupambana kuzindikira lonse. Mtsikana anali 27, ndi Pierre - zaka 35. Pamene Marie analowa pabalaza, iye anaima pakhomo khonde. Iye anayesetsa kufufuza izo, ndipo dzuwa khungu lake. Choncho tinakumana Mariya Sklodovskaya ndi Per Kyuri.

Pierre zoyenera sayansi ndi mtima wanga wonse. Makolo anayesa maulendo angapo kuti kumuthandiza kuti mkazi, koma nthawi pachabe - onse kuti iye ankaona wosangalatsa, opusa komanso wosalabadira. Ndipo madzulo, kuyankhula kwa Marie, iye anazindikira kuti anapeza interlocutor ofanana. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye ankagwira ntchito, analamula Society ake kwa Olimbikitsa a National Makampani, ndi maginito katundu wa sukulu zosiyanasiyana zitsulo. Marie anayamba kuphunzira mu zasayansi wa Hugo Liepmann. Ndipo patsogolo pawo ntchito mu Sukulu ya Physics ndi Chemistry a Pierre wakhala kafukufuku nyese ndi mwayi iwo, "Curie". achinyamata kulankhula za. Pierre Marie anaithamangitsa kuti m'mawa anapita ku minda kukatenga daisies kwa wokondedwa wake.

ukwati

Pierre ndi July 14 Marie, 1895 tinakwatirana ndipo anapita kwa Ile-de-France pa ukwati wawo. Kumeneko kuwerenga, atakwera njinga, kukambirana mitu sayansi. Pierre ngakhale chifukwa cha mkazi wake wamng'ono m'bapfunzisa chinenero Polish ...

msonkhano yovuta

Pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa Irène mwana wawo woyamba, mkazi Marie wakhala kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa wake digirii ndi mkazi wake maphunziro oyamba mu kope ake yunivesite ya Sorbonne. Kumapeto kwa 1897 phunziro la nyese anali atamaliza Kyuri Mariya anayamba kufunafuna nkhani yolembedwa mutu. Panthawi imeneyi banja anakumana ndi Anri Bekkerelem, sayansi. Iye anatsegula chaka chapitacho kuti ureniamu mankhwala zimatulutsa kuwala kwa magetsi yomwe likulowerera kwambiri. Zinali, mosiyana ndi X-ray, zoweta ureniamu katundu. Kyuri Mariya, adatengedwa ndi chinthu chachinsinsi, anaganiza kuliyendera. Pierre kulemba ntchito zawo kuti athandize mkazi wake.

Kutsegula woyamba ndi awarding ya Nobel Prize

Pierre ndi Mariya Kyuri mu chaka cha 1898 anatsegula 2 zinthu zatsopano. Woyamba iwo anamutcha polonium (pambuyo dziko Marie ndi Poland), ndipo chachiwiri - Analandira. Popeza iwo anasankha palibe mmodzi kapena zinthu zina, iwo sakanakhoza kupereka umboni wa kukhalako akatswiri awo. Ndipo zaka 4 banjali yotengedwa Analandira ndi polonium ku ureniamu miyala. Pierre ndi Mariya Kyuri kuyambira m'mawa mpaka ntchito usiku schelyastom khola poyera kuti poizoniyu. Banjalo itawotchedwa pamaso anazindikira maphunziro ngozi. Komabe, iwo anaganiza kupitiriza iwo! Mkazi mu September 1902 analandira 1/10 la galamu ya Analandira mankhwala enaake. Koma polonium analephera kusiyanitsa - monga kunapezeka, anali mankhwala a Analandira kuwonongeka. Kutentha ndi bluish luminescence panamveka Analandira mchere. Ndi chidwi cha dziko ndi zinthu wosangalatsa. Mu December 1903 banjali anali kupereka mogwirizana ndi Becquerel mphoto ya Nobel mu sayansi. Kyuri Mari mkazi woyamba amene analandira izo!

Imfa ya mwamuna wake

Mwana wachiwiri, Hava anabadwa nawo December 1904. Ndi nthawi vuto ndalama zimene munthu ali bwino kwambiri. Pierre anakhala katswiri wa sayansi pa Sorbonne, ndi mkazi wake anachita kwa mwamuna mutu wa zasayansi. Chochitika zoopsa zinachitika mu April 1906. imfa Pierre kunabweretsa pansi adalira. Maria Sklodowska-Curie, mwamuna wake anamwalira, mnzake ndi mnzake wapamtima, anali wachisoni kwa miyezi ingapo.

The chachiwiri Nobel Prize

Koma moyo ndinapitirira. Mkazi kuganizira pa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa Analandira zachitsulo maonekedwe koona, osati mankhwala ake. Iye analandira mankhwala mu 1910 (mu mgwirizano ndi A. Debirnom). Mariya Kyuri anapeza kuti natsimikizira kuti Analandira - chinthu mankhwala. Pa izo ngakhale ankafuna membala wa French Academy of Sciences chotsatirapo cha bwino kwambiri, koma kutsutsana ndi zinachitika, anayamba baiting womkanikizawo, ndipo pambuyo pake analandira machismo. Mu 1911, Marie anali kupereka 2 Nobel Prize mu Chemistry. Iye anakhala munthu woyamba kuti kupereka kawiri.

Jobs Radievskom Institute

Kuti mudziwe mpweya wa poizoni unakhazikitsidwa Radievsky Institute atatsala pang'ono First World nkhondo. Curie ntchito pano mu munda wa lofunika mpweya wa poizoni kafukufuku ndi ntchito zachipatala. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo iye ophunzitsidwa nkhondo zachipatala Radiology Mwachitsanzo, kudziwa mu thupi la shrapnel ndi X-ray, aziwapatsa kunyamula makina X-ray pa kutsogolo. Irene, mwana wake wamkazi, anali mmodzi mwa madokotala, amene anaphunzitsa.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Ngakhale patapita zaka anapitiriza ntchito yake Mariya Kyuri. Mwachidule yonena za zaka amalembedwa motere: iye ntchito ndi madokotala, ophunzira kulemba kafukufuku, komanso anamasulidwa yonena za mwamuna wake. Marie anapita ku Poland, zomwe potsiriza ufulu wodzilamulira ake. Nayenso anapita United States, komwe anakumana ndi kupambana ndi kumene anapereka kupitiriza kuyesera 1 galamu ya Analandira (mtengo wake, ndi njira, zofanana mtengo wa makilogalamu oposa 200 zagolide). Komabe, mogwirizana kwa zinthu nyukiliya chidakupangitsani lokha anamva. Thanzi lawo linayamba kuipa, ndi July 4, 1934 Kyuri Mariya anafa khansa. Zimenezi zinachitika French Alps, mu chipatala laling'ono limene lili Sansellemoze.

Marii Kyuri University mu Lublin

Mu Curies ulemu otchedwa mankhwala mchitidwe curium (№ 96). Ndi dzina la mkazi wamkulu Mariya moyo imeneyi mu dzina la University of Lublin (Poland). Iye ni mmodzi wa yaikulu mu Poland, mabungwe maphunziro apamwamba wachokera ku boma. University of Marii Kyuri-Sklodowska University anakhazikitsidwa mu 1944, pamaso pa chipilala, tikuonera chithunzi pamwambapa. The rector woyamba ndi kulinganiza wa bungwe maphunziro anakhala Gwirizanani Professor Genrih Raabe. Lero, tichipeza zotsatirazi 10 zochitachita:

- Chemistry.

- Biology ndi Ukadaulo Wazamoyo.

- Tirhana.

- Zachidziwitso.

- Philosophy ndi Sociology.

- Pedagogy ndi Psychology.

- Earth Sciences ndi okhudza malo Planning.

- Masamu, Physics ndi Informatics.

- The ufulu ndi ulamuliro.

- Political Science.

- Pedagogy ndi Psychology.

University of Marii Kyuri zophunzira ophunzira oposa 23,5 zikwi, 500. iwo -. Alendo.