Chaka chatsopano ku Russia: mbiri ya maholide

Chaka chatsopano ndi tchuthi chokondwerera m'mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Kalekale, anthu onse amagwiritsa ntchito chibwenzi chake, nthawi yake yofunikira m'mbiri kapena nthano. Mwambo wokondwerera chaka chatsopano unalipo kale m'zaka chikwi chachitatu BC. Kuwerengedwa kwa zaka zatsopano kuchokera pa January 1 kunakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo mu 46 BC. Julius Caesar. Tsikuli linaperekedwera kwa mulungu wa kuyambira konse, kulowa ndi kutuluka - Janus.

Kodi mukudziwa kuti mbiri ya chikondwerero cha chaka chatsopano m'dziko lathu ili ndi zaka zoposa mazana atatu? Tiyeni titembenuzire mbiri ndi kulinganitsa momwe Chaka Chatsopano ku Russia chikukondwerera lero ndi momwe chikondwererochi chinachitikira zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo.

Pokondedwa ndi ana onse a dziko lapansi, holideyo inabweretsedwa ku Russia kuchokera ku Ulaya ndi Peter Wamkulu. Ku Russia, chikondwerero cha chaka chatsopano chasinthidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi tsiku loyamba lakumapeto. Kuyambira mu 1700 ku Moscow, idayamba kukondwerera pa January 1, pang'onopang'ono mwambo unafalikira m'dziko lonselo. Zikondwerero, monga lamulo, zinayamba usiku wa December 26 (Khirisimasi pa kalendala ya Julia).

Chaka Chatsopano ku Russia chakhala chikukondwerera mwamphamvu, mokweza komanso mokondwera. Misewu yapakati ya mizinda ndi nyumba zinali zokongoletsedwa ndi nthambi za mkungudza, pine ndi spruce. Ntchito Zopembedzedwa zaumulungu zinkachitikira m'mipingo ndi mipingo ya dzikoli. Chotsatira cha Chaka Chatsopano - Santa Claus, Snow Maiden, saladi ya Olivier ndi champagne, adawonekera pang'ono. Koma zida zozizira ndi zikondwerero zamtambo - zikondwerero za Peter Wamkulu, zinakhala zozoloŵera kwa a Muscovites kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18. Zithunzi zochititsa chidwi ndi nyenyezi zambirimbiri zozizwitsa m'mlengalenga zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadera akulu ndi akuluakulu, gawo lapadera m'mapangidwe a malowa anapatsidwa zokongoletsera zapadera monga mawonekedwe a arbors, ziboliboli, zamadzi ndi ziboliboli. Pamene chaka chatsopano chikuyandikira, iwo anafotokoza mapulogalamu ambiri a kanki.

Chaka Chatsopano ku Russia Nthawi za Petro zinakhala zovuta kuposa za tchuthi. Monga tikudziwira, Petro ankakonda kusangalala kwambiri, zomwe zinkawopsya komanso kunyoza atsogoleri achipembedzo ambiri. Anali mfumu yachinyamata yomwe inayang'ana moyo wa ku Ulaya womwe unayambitsa zosangalatsa ku Russia ndi mavina ndi mowa kwambiri. Chaka Chatsopano mipira yamakono ndi misonkhano yakhala yowonongeka. Iwo anali oyamba kupatsidwa ufulu kwa akazi mu zovala ndi khalidwe. Tsopano mzimayi wolemekezekayo amakhoza kuwoneka pagulu "chovala chochititsa manyazi" ndipo samanyazi. Chaka chatsopano ku Russia pansi pa Peter Wamkulu chinapeza tanthauzo lapadera, ndipo chikondwerero chake nthawi zonse chinkaperekedwa ku nkhondo zakugonjetserako, kapena kusindikiza mgwirizano wamtendere.

Kwa zaka mazana awiri, chikondwerero cha chaka chatsopano sichinasinthe. Kupanduka kwa 1917 kunabweretsa mavuto ndi chisoni kwa anthu, iyi inali nthawi yomwe palibe aliyense ankafuna kuseweretsa. Pokhapokha mu 1935, atachiritsidwa, anthu a dziko lathu adayambanso kulankhula za chaka chatsopano ngati tchuthi, osati za tsiku la kusintha kwa kalendala. Chaka chatsopano ku Russia m'mayiko a Soviet sichikanakhoza kuchita popanda zidole zagalasi ndi tizinesi zodzikongoletsera ndipo popanda nyenyezi yofiira ikukwera pamwamba pake, kuimira Kremlin. Ndikusintha kwa 1917 , kalendala ya Western Gregorian inadza kwa ife , koma Orthodox yonse idapitiriza kutsatira miyambo ya omwe analipo kale. Choncho, lero timakondwerera chaka chatsopano kale kawiri: molingana ndi kalembedwe ka "wakale" ndi "chatsopano".

Momwe mungakondwerere Chaka Chatsopano ku Russia lero, aliyense akudziwa. Mu mzinda umodzi, holide siingathe kuchita popanda kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtengo wa Khirisimasi pakati pa chisangalalo cha ana ndi kumanga tauni ya ayezi, nkhondo ya ola pakati pausiku ndi kuyamikira kwa purezidenti. Mwina munthu wamakono wokondwerera chaka chatsopano m'nthaŵi ya Petro adzawoneka wosasangalatsa, koma udalinso wapadera pa nthawi imeneyo!