Ndi chinenero cha Aesop Kodi, ndipo kodi kufunika kwake mabuku chi

Tamva nthawi zambiri mawu akuti "chinenero Aesop." Kodi mawu amenewa amatanthauza ndipo kodi kudzachitika liti? Sizikudziwika ngati munthu wina ankakhala, kapena fano losonkhanitsidwa. Pali nthano zambiri za iye, mbiri yakeyinso inalembedwa mu Ages Middle. Malinga ndi nthano ina, iye anabadwa mu BC VI atumwi. e. mu Asia Minor ndipo anali kapolo wa Lydia mfumu Croesus Komabe, malingaliro mochenjera, pothana ndi kuchenjerera anathandiza apeze ufulu ake ndi wotchuka kumibadwo yambiri.

N'zoona kuti anali bambo kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira imeneyi kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi ntchito chinenero cha Aesop. Zitsanzo chimatithandiza nthano pamati Croesus, atamwa kwambiri, anayamba kutsimikizira, ngati angathe kumwa nyanja ndipo anapanga uliwonse, kuika pa mtengo ufumu wake wonse. Mmawa wotsatira, wodzisunga, mfumu andithandize mtumiki wake, nalonjezana naye kuti adzampatsa ufulu wake ngati apulumutse kamwanako. mtumiki wina wanzeru anamulangiza kuti: "Ine analonjeza kumwa yekha nyanja, palibe Mitsinje kuti kuyenda mu izo. Tseka iwo, ndi Ine adzakwaniritsa lonjezo langa. " Ndipo popeza palibe munthu anakhoza kukumana chikhalidwe ichi, Croesus anapambana ndalama.

Monga kapolo, ndiye womasulidwa, munthu wanzeru analemba nthano, amene amanyozedwa kupusa, dyera, chinyengo, ndi makhalidwe ena oipa anthu ankadziwa - makamaka kale anali mbuye wake ndi anzake kapolo kukhala. Koma chifukwa iye anali munthu yokakamiza, ndiye iye wobvala Nkhani zophiphiritsa wake, periphrasis, ankayesetsa nthano, ndipo akatswiri awo anadziŵa pansi maina a nyama - nkhandwe, afisi, akhwangwala, etc. Ichi ndi chilankhulo cha Aesop. The zithunzi nkhani zoseketsa anali mosavuta kuzindikira koma "prototypes" Sindikanachita chili chonse kupatula mwakachetechete mkwiyo. Pomaliza, adani anabzala Aesop anabedwa ku kachisi wa chotengeracho, ndi ansembe a Delphi adamnenera Iye kuba ndi kulemekeza zinthu zopatulika. Tchire anapatsidwa mwayi kulengeza kapolo - mu nkhani iyi, mwiniwake anali kulipira okha chabwino. Koma Aesop amakonda kukhala omasuka ndi kulandira chilango. Malinga ndi nthano, anaponyedwa kuchokera phompho pa Delphi.

Choncho, chifukwa n'zolakwika, koma allegorically syllable Aesop wake anakhala tate wa mtundu wanyimbo zolembalemba, monga nthano ndi. Masiku wotsatira wa olamulira ndi siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la ufulu wa kulankhula nthano mtundu wanyimbo anali wotchuka kwambiri, ndi mlengi wake anali ngwazi weniweni kukumbukira mibadwo. Tikhoza kunena kuti chinenero cha Aesop kutali otha mlengi wake. Choncho, Vatican owonetsera zakale awasungira Zotolera zakale mbale unatengera hunchback (by nthano, Ezop wogwidwa maonekedwe yonyansa ndipo anali hunchback), ndipo Fox, limene likusimba chinachake - otsutsa amakhulupirira kuti kholo mbale akuonetsedwa nthano. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amati mu chosema wakuti "Zisanu Anzeru" mu Athens pafupi ndi fano la Aesop wodula Lysippos. Ndiyeno panali mndandanda wa wolemba nthano, analemba anonymous.

Mu Middle Ages, chinenero Aesop anali wotchuka kwambiri: wotchuka "nthano za Fox" wapangidwa kuti njira allusive kalembedwe, ndi mafano a nkhandwe, ndi nkhandwe, tambala, bulu ndi nyama zina chipongwe lonse chigamulo osankhika ndi atsogoleri a Mpingo wa Chiroma. mwanjira imeneyi kulankhula zingaoneke, koma umapereka ndi poignantly, anali Lafontaine, Saltykov-Shchedrin, wodziwika slagatel Krylov ndi nthano, Chiyukireniya fabulist Glebe. Miyambo Aesop linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri, iwo analilemba mu nyimbo. Ambiri a ife kusukulu wotchuka nthano khwangwala ndi nkhandwe, ndi nkhandwe ndi mphesa - nkhanizi lalifupi moralizing nkhani anatulukira koma yakale yoyendera tchire.

Sitingathe kunena kuti chinenero cha Aesop, amene phindu pa nthawi ya mode kumene kufufuza akulamulira, lero sikuthandiza. Allusive kalembedwe musatchule mwachindunji zikhudze wa Zotengera chake, "kalata" ngati angatembenuke ku m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu osasinthika ndi "mzimu" - owerenga. Popeza moyo yotsirizira mu zenizeni zimene pansi anaphimbidwa kutsutsa, n'zosavuta kuzindikira izo. Ndipo kuposa kuti: njira quirky kunyozedwa, wodzala allusions chinsinsi zofuna otgadki zizindikiro zobisika ndi zithunzi zambiri zochititsa chidwi owerenga kuposa mwachindunji ndi zoonekeratu akuluakulu choneneza zolakwa aliyense, choncho zinthu za chinenero Aesop anadza ngakhale anthu olemba ndi atolankhani amene alibe kalikonse mantha. ntchito zake tikuona za utolankhani, ndi utolankhani, ndi timabuku pa nkhani ziliri ndale ndi chikhalidwe.