Olfactory mitsempha: zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro

Kununkhiza - ndi imodzi mwa zotengeka woyamba omwe akupezeka pa mwanayo. Ndi iye akuyamba chidziwitso cha dziko ndi iye mwini. Kukumana kuti munthu akuona pakudya - ndi mtengo wa fungo, osati chinenero, monga izo zinkawoneka patsogolo. Ngakhale zapamwamba ankanena kuti maganizo athu a fungo angathandize ndi vuto. Monga kwalembedwa mwa JRR Tolkien. "Ngati inu kusochera, nthawi zonse kumene fungo bwino."

thunthu

Olfactory mitsempha cranial amatanthauza gulu komanso chapadera tilinazo misempha. magwero ake amakhala ndi mucosa wa chapamwamba ndipo pakati amphuno ndime. MASANKO maselo neurosensory kupanga kumeneko minyewa loyamba la kapepala kakuti olfactory.

Khumi ndi zisanu mpaka makumi awiri ulusi unmyelinated kudutsa mu M'mimbamo cranial mwa mbale yopingasa la fupa ethmoid. Kumeneko, iwo ndi ogwirizana babu olfactory, omwe ali achiwiri ubongo njira. Kuchokera mababu kupita spines yaitali ubongo, wotumidwa kwa makona olfactory. Ndiye iwo anawagawa m'magulu awiri ndi kumizidwa kutsogolo perforated mbale ndi kugawa mandala. Pali ena njira manyuroni.

Pambuyo wachitatu minyewa njira zimapita kwa kotekisi ubongo, ndicho m'dera la mbedza kwa dongosolo olfactory. Pa malo mitsempha olfactory ikutha. Kaswili izo si kwapafupi, kulola madokotala kudziwa kuyan'anila mu osiyana malo ndi kuthetsa iwo.

ntchito

Kapangidwe la dzina limasonyeza, chimene iwo uli. Ntchito ya mitsempha olfactory ali kugwila zofukiza ndi decoding izo. Iwo chifukwa kudya ndi salivation, ngati zosangalatsa fungo, kapena, pa mwake, imfayo kusanza ndi kusanza pamene fungo osauka.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa mawu amenewa, mitsempha olfactory umadutsa mapangidwe reticular ndipo anatumizidwa ku tsinde ubongo. Kumeneko, ulusi olumikiza mitima wapakatikati, glossopharyngeal ndi misempha vagus. Mu dera lino komanso inali phata la mitsempha olfactory.

Choona chodziwika kuti ena fungo kutichititsa maganizo ena. Choncho, kuonetsetsa kuti anachita zofanana, Ulusi wa mitsempha olfactory imakhudzana ndi subcortical zithunzi chowunikira, ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha ndi dongosolo limbic.

anosmia

"Anosmia" anamasuliridwa kuti "palibe fungo". Ngati chikhalidwe ichi zimawonedwa mbali zonse, ulole kuwonongedwa kwa amphuno mucosa (rhinitis, sinusitis, ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono) ndipo, monga ulamuliro, si kuopsezedwa ndi zotsatira iliyonse yaikulu. Koma imfa mmodzi ndiye amaganiza kununkhiza ayenera kuganizira zimene akhoza chidwi ndi mitsempha olfactory.

Zimayambitsa matenda komanso kukhala vestigial olfactory kapepalako kapena fupa fractures a Chigaza Mwachitsanzo, pa lamina cribrosa. Njira ya mitsempha olfactory ambiri kumagwirizana ndi nyumba fupa a Chigaza lapansi. Ingawononge ulusi ndi makombo fupa pambuyo wovulala m'mphuno, maxillary kanjira. Kuwonongeka kwa babu olfactory ndipo mwina chifukwa choipa cha nkhani ubongo, pamene kugwa pa nape lapansi.

matenda yotupa monga etmoidit Nthawi patsogolo anasungunuka ethmoid ndi kuwononga mitsempha olfactory.

Hyposphresia ndi hyperospheresia

Hyposphresia - kuchepetsa kununkhiza. Iwo angayambe chifukwa zifukwa mofanana anosmia:

• thickening a linga mucous mphuno;
• matenda yotupa;
• neoplasms;
• kuvulala.

Nthawi zina ndi chizindikiro chabe cha aneurysm ziwiya ubongo, kapena zotupa za zapambuyo cranial fossa.

Hyperospheresia (kuchuluka kapena unakula kununkhiza), anamuona pa anthu maganizo labile, komanso mitundu ina ya chipwirikiti. Kuchuluka kudziwa zofukiza anati anthu amene pokoka mpweya mankhwala, monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nthawi zina hyperospheresia chifukwa chakuti olfactory mitsempha innervation ndi anagawira dera lalikulu la amphuno mucosa. Anthu amenewa nthawi zambiri kukhala antchito a makampani mafutawo.

Parosmiya: olfactory kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo

Parosmiya - izo olakwika maganizo kununkhiza, zimene zambiri amapezeka pa mimba. Pathological parosmiya zina anamuona pa akuchita misala, kugonjetsedwa kwa madera subcortical kununkhiza (a gyrus parahippocampal ndi mbedza), mu chipwirikiti. Odwala ndi akusowa chitsulo magazi m'thupi zizindikiro anati ofanana: kusangalala ndi fungo la petulo, utoto, phula, choko.

Zotupa za mitsempha olfactory mu Lobe zosatha zimayambitsa aura zenizeni pamaso khunyu ndipo amachititsa kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo mu maganizo.

Njira kuphunzira

Pofuna kudziwa chikhalidwe cha kununkhiza wodwalayo, katswiriyu akuchita mayesero apadera pa kuzindikira fungo osiyana. Chizindikiro onunkhiritsa sayenera nkhanza, kuti tisasokoneze chiyero zimenezo. Wodwala amafunsidwa kukhadzikika, kutseka maso anu ndi kukanikizana chala mphuno zanu. Pambuyo yachiwiri mphuno pang'onopang'ono thireyi tikumanunkhiza mankhwala. Iwo akuonetsa ntchito bwino kwa fungo anthu, koma kupewa amoniya, vinyo wosasa, kuyambira inhalation awo koma olfactory, ndipo sakusangalala trigeminal mitsempha.

dokotala nkhani zotsatira za mayesero ndi kuwamasulira iwo wachibale mwakale. Ngakhale ngati wodwala dzina thunthu, Khrisu kununkhiza kukusalani kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.

Zotupa a ubongo ndi kununkhiza

Mu zotupa ubongo localizations osiyana, hematomas, ngalande za mowa chintchito ndi njira zina kuti compress ubongo mankhwala kapena atolankhani pansi kuti mapangidwe chigaza fupa. Pankhaniyi amatha kuswa umodzi kapena iwiri amaganiza kununkhiza. dokotala ayenera kudziwa kuti ulusi mitsempha ndi anawoloka, ngakhale ngati malo a chotupa pa dzanja limodzi, hyposphresia awiri amaganiza.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha olfactory ndi mbali kraniobazalnogo syndrome. Iwo amakhala ndi psinjika osati wa medulla, komanso ischemia ake. Odwala kuyamba kudwala woyamba awiriawiri sikisi misempha cranial. Zizindikiro akhoza m'goli, pali osiyana ma.

chithandizo

Kudwala kwa mitsempha olfactory mu gawo loyamba zake ziri ambiri m'dzinja ndi yozizira, pamene pali zochitika chachikulu matenda pachimake kupuma ndi fuluwenza. Long nthawi ya matenda adzitaya wathunthu wa fungo. Ayambe ntchito mitsempha amatenga miyezi khumi pa chaka. nthawi yonseyi njira mankhwala kukondoweza njira regenerative ayenera kuchitika.

Mu pachimake gawo ENT anapereka physiotherapy:

• mayikirowevu mankhwala mphuno ndi maxillary sinuses;
• UV kukhudzana wa amphuno mucosa, ndi mphamvu biodozy 2-3;
• magnetotherapy mapiko a mphuno ndi nkusani la nsagwada chapamwamba;
• cheza infuraredi ndi pafupipafupi 50-80 Hz.

Mukhoza kuphatikiza woyamba njira ziwiri, ndi awiri otsiriza. Izi kufulumizitsa ayambe ntchito anataya. Pambuyo kuchira matenda, kukhazikitsa ndi physiotherapy mankhwala ikuchitika motere:

• electrophoresis ntchito mankhwala "No-spa," "Neostigmine", komanso asidi nicotinic kapena lidazy;
• phonophoresis mphuno ndi sinuses kwa mphindi khumi tsiku lililonse;
• wofiira laser cheza sipekitiramu;
• endonasal electrostimulation.

Aliyense Inde mankhwala ikuchitika masiku khumi ndi intervals wa masiku khumi ndi makumi awiri asanamvetsetse kubwezeretsa zonse za ntchito ya mitsempha olfactory.