Olfactory chowunikira: kapangidwe ndi ntchito. Age peculiarities wa chowunikira olfactory

Mothandizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya analyzers mwamuna wachilamulo dziko. Ndi kupyolera kuona, kumva, kununkhiza, ndi ena oganiza timazindikira chilengedwe, timazindikira kuopsa. Munthu aliyense ali analyzers osiyana tingathe kukulitsa sali yemweyo. Tidzayensa kupeza nkhani, kuti ndi dongosolo olfactory. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito yofunika thanzi la munthu ziwalo tanthauzo ali m'nkhani ino.

Khama la limba olfactory

Zambiri za mwamuna dziko amaona mothandizidwa ndi chiwalo cha masomphenya, koma popanda kununkhiza chithunzi sanali yowala bwino.

Dongosolo olfactory lakonzedwa kudziwika zinthu ndi sungunuka lanu osakhalitsa. dongosolo amalenga fano zotengera malingaliridwe mu mawonekedwe a zofukiza ena. Kutanthauza olfactory chowunikira komanso kwagona kuti amatha cholinga aziona khalidwe mpweya, chakudya ndi malo ambiri.

Ngati Tikayerekeza chiwalo cha fungo anthu ndi nyama, tinganene kuti thupi lili ndi tanthauzo lapadera nyama. Koma sangathe anayamba konse chimodzimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, pali njira moyo ndi kachitidwe kawo olfactory kupangika bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya agulugufe mukhoza kupeza mnzanu ndi fungo pa mtunda wa makilomita 8. Aliyense ali bwino galu, zimene kupita pa njira ya munthu, motsogozedwa ndi fungo la zinthu zake.

thupi fungo

Ngati tikulingalira ntchito ya chowunikira olfactory, n'zotheka kudziwa zofunika kwambiri ndi kwambiri:

1. Analysis chakudya pa edible ndi wokongola. Dongosolo ili n'zotheka kudziwa mlingo woyenerera wa mankhwala.
2. Mapangidwe kudya.
3. dongosolo Olfactory mwachindunji nawo kukhazikitsa a dongosolo m'mimba mu processing chakudya.
4. Tanthauzo la zinthu koopsa thupi.
5. Mapangidwe kugonana kuti zikhoza kusintha mchikakamizo cha pfungo.
6. Ndi nawo chowunikira udzachitika lathu anthu chilengedwe.
7. Chidziwitso cha dziko kunja simungakhoze kuchita popanda chiwalo olfactory.

Mwina mwaona kuti anthu amene mosatsata kuona, fungo akhoza kulimbikitsa, ndipo iwo ali bwino kununkhiza kuwathandiza kuyenda mu dziko.

Kapangidwe ka chowunikira olfactory

Ngati tikambirana kapangidwe ka chiwindi kwenikweni, tingathe kuona mabungwe otsatirawa:

1. Zotumphukira. Lili maselo cholandilira mu amphuno mucosa. Mapeto cilia atazunguliridwa ndi ntchofu. Amasungunula ndi zinthu odorous. mogwirizana mankhwala kumachitika, amene n'kukhala zikhumbo mitsempha.
2. Kondakitala dipatimenti tichipeza mitsempha olfactory. Pa ali chizindikiro kwa maselo mu forebrain, kumene olfactory babu. Mmenemo ndi kusanthula yaikulu ya nkhani, ndiye nyemba adzapita ku dipatimenti wotsatira wa chowunikira lapansi.
3. Chapakati Division ili mu lobes kanthawi ndi mazunzo a kotekisi ubongo. Ndi apa kuti anapanga komaliza isssledovanie mudziwe anagwira fungo kuzindikira ndi kwaiye ayankhe komaliza za thupi zotsatira zake.

Dziŵani kapangidwe ndi kugwira ntchito m'madi- zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Mbali zotumphukira wa chowunikira ndi

Poganizira Kapangidwe ka chowunikira olfactory, m'pofunika kuyambira khadi koyamba. Iwo lili m'mphuno. Mu malo awa, Kakhungu mucous ndi unakhuthala pang'ono, pamwamba ali ndi secretions mucous, omwe amagwira nawo ntchito zoteteza, kuteteza ku atayanika kunja, komanso nawo kuchotsa zikuchitika otsalira pambuyo kukhudzana awo.

Iwo uli pano analankhulana pakati odorants ndi maselo cholandilira. The epithelium mitundu iwiri ya maselo:

• Reference. Iwo PALI njira kagayidwe kachakudya.
• Olfactory. Izi maselo iwo wokha, ndi ambiri cilia kuonjezera m'dera kukhudzana.

maselo Olfactory ndi ndondomeko awiri, mmodzi chimene chimafika kwa babu olfactory, ndi ndodo chachiwiri ali mawonekedwe ndi itha vesicle cilia.

dipatimenti wochititsa

mugawo ili cholinga zogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ankaimira Koma mitsempha njira kuti apange mitsempha olfactory. Amakhala mitolo munthu akupita ku thalamus lapansi.

Anawona mogwirizana ndi dongosolo limbic, lomwe limafotokoza pamaso pa mtima m'kati maganizo ndi zofukiza. Mwachitsanzo, ena fungo zingachititse zosangalatsa, ndi ena - kudana ndi zina zotero.

Dipatimenti chapakati chowunikira ndi

Chigawo Izi zikuphatikizapo babu olfactory. Iyi ndi dipatimenti mu lobes a zosatha ubongo.

Yonse inali kutsogolo kwa lobes peyala woboola wa kotekisi m'chigawo cha hippocampus lapansi.

limagwirira fungo

Mosavuta maganizo irritants mamolekyulu awo ayenera woyamba wa zonse kupasuka mu mamina lozungulira maselo cholandilira. Ndiye pali mogwirizana ndi mapuloteni yeniyeni anapatsa selo nembanemba.

kukhudzana zinthu zimenezi, ngati mawonekedwe a kuwalimbikitsa ndi limafanana ndi mawonekedwe a mapuloteni molekyulu. Slimy mankhwala akulamulira kupezeka kwa maselo pamwamba pa mamolekyulu zinthu odorous.

Pambuyo nzothandiza molekyulu Anakumana ndi lilime mapuloteni, kusintha kapangidwe yamasika, umene ndi sodium ion njira yotseguka Kakhungu lapansi. Sodium ayoni kudutsa ndi kulenga milandu zabwino zimene zimachititsa Kakhungu depolarization.

Kuchokera anamasulidwa mtundu cholandilira selo, zikubweretsa maonekedwe a mitsempha mopupuluma kuti mbali zina za ulusi mantha. Choncho, monga olfactory mitsempha mopupuluma malemeredwe liyamba opatsirana ziwalo zina chowunikira lapansi.

Ntchito ya dongosolo olfactory

Ngati inu Taganizirani mmene anthu olfactory chowunikira, ntchito zonse zikhoza kugawidwa mu magawo angapo:

1. Kukwezeleza odorous kuwalimbikitsa kuti maselo lilime, limene itha pawiri ndi mapuloteni cholandilira.
2. Kutembenuka mankhwala oopsa odorant ku zikhumbo mitsempha. Umayamba gawo ili ndi inalowa kwa cholandilira kuwalimbikitsa ndiponso umatha ndi mankhwala kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha.
3. Kupita ndi mitsempha kugula ku malo m'munsi mitsempha. Iwo akhoza kuwerenga monga gulu motsogozedwa babu olfactory.
4. Kugunda kusintha babu olfactory.
5. Kukwezeleza zikhumbo mitsempha mu malo apamwamba olfactory.
6. Ntchito yomanga kuyabwa mu mawonekedwe a fungo yeniyeni.

masiteji onse awa sequentially kutsatira mzake. Ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto kapena matenda pa chimodzi cha izo, tikhoza kunena kuti maganizo a fungo wathyoka.

Osokoneza olfactory chowunikira

Makamaka anthu olfactory chowunikira tinakambirana, komanso Dziwani kuti dongosolo kachipangizo akhoza atengere. Izi zidzachitika kukhudzana yaitali kuti nzothandiza lapansi.

chowunikira anatengera angayambe masekondi angapo, ndipo nthawi zina pamafunika kuti mphindi zisanu. Izi zidalira pa zinthu zingapo:

• Kutalika kwa kukhudzana ndi zinthu odorous.
• Anthu ambiri nzothandiza lapansi.
• Mpweya.

Pali zokwanira lalikulu gulu la odorant dongosolo olfactory amene Amasintha msanga. Pamafunika nthawi yochepa kwambiri, ndi fungo salinso anamvera. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi anatengera kwambiri ndi fungo la thupi lake, chipinda zinthu.

Ena irritants osokoneza anapanga pang'onopang'ono kapena okha pang'ono. Atadziŵa chofooka olfactory nzothandiza makamaka nthawi yochepa zizolowezi angayambe mawonekedwe a kuwonjezera tilinazo chowunikira lapansi.

Kale izo anakhazikitsa kuti anatengera chitukuko sichichitika mu chigawo choyamba cha chowunikira, ndi yamasika, ndiyo kotekisi. Nthawi zambiri, pamene kukhudzana kwa odorant chomwecho yaitali, mu kotekisi oziziritsa anapanga kulimbikira kukuchitika wa chisangalalo. Pazochitika izi, kununkhiza kumachitika ndi atadziŵa zikuchitika ena. Nthawi zina kumverera akhoza kukhala zosasangalatsa ndipo zikuoneka ngakhale pakalibe zikuchitika. Pankhaniyi tinganene kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo kapena zachinyengo.

Tikhonza kunena motsimikiza kuti ngati pali anatengera kwa fungo umodzi wokha, zilibe bwanji maganizo a zikuchitika ena, kuyambira zikuchitika zonse kuchita zolandilira osiyana.

Chiphunzitso cha fungo kuzindikira

Panopa pali oposa 10 zikwi odorants. Onse a iwo akhoza yagawidwa makalasi isanu ndi iwiri ya zofukiza zikuluzikulu:

• Flower.
• Timbewu.
• Musky.
• Foni.
• Lonunkha.
• Camphor.
• Zikuwononga.

Ngati pali kusakaniza mafuta onunkhiritsa angapo, chowunikira ake olfactory Tingaone ngati amakambirana zatsopano. Mamolekyulu zinthu zosiyanasiyana amadziŵika ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, mwachitsanzo, camphor fungo ali molekyulu zozungulira, ndi musk - ndi chimbale. Komanso, ngakhale ndi mlandu magetsi: amenewa ndi abwino, ndi zina - negative.

Pali maganizo ambiri amene amayesera kuti afotokoze limagwirira nzeru ndi zofukiza. Panopa ambiri ndi stereochemical, limanena kuti maselo nembanemba cholandilira ndi malo mitundu yambiri. Iwo amasiyana dongosolo lawo ndi electrophilicity. Akhoza kuzindikira mamolekyulu odorous wa mawonekedwe ena ndi kukula.

Zosiyanasiyana matenda olfactory

Komanso, chowunikira olfactory anayamba konse sali yemweyo Komanso anaona ndi ena monyanyira ndi zolakwika mu ntchito yake:

• Anosmia kupanda wathunthu luso kuzindikira zofukiza.
• Hyposphresia - kuchepetsa kununkhiza.
• Hyperospheresia M'malo mwake, pali okwera olfactory tilinazo.
• Parosmiya amadziwika kuchepa maganizo ndi zofukiza.
• Violation zosiyanasiyana.
• Maonekedwe a kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo olfactory.
• Olfactory agnosia aikidwa mu choncho, ngati munthu angathe fungo, koma simungathe kuzindikira izo.

Tikumbukenso kuti ndi zaka pali kuchepa pang'onopang'ono olfactory tilinazo. Olfactory chowunikira sangathe kuzindikira fungo momveka ndipo mwamsanga. Asayansi amati ndi zaka 50 kununkhiza srednestaticheskogo munthu yafupika ndi theka poyerekeza ndi achinyamata.

Olfactory chowunikira ndi zaka mbali

Woyamba pa yoopsa Kukula kwa chowunikira olfactory amayamba gawo zotumphukira. Izi zakhala zikuchitika sabata 8 chitukuko. Pakutha mimba, kukhala yeniyeni, cha kumapeto kwa miyezi 8, chowunikira ichi kale athanzi.

Kale yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa angaone ayankhe ongobadwa kumene zofukiza. Izi anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a magulu a nkhope, kusintha mu mnofu mtima, mlingo kupuma, malo thupi.

Kudzera kununkhiza kuyenda amaphunzira fungo la mayi wake. Chiwalo tanthauzo ndi yofunika zikuluzikulu za mapangidwe bongo alimentary. Pang'onopang'ono, ngati mwana chikamakula, pali ponso luso chowunikira ndi kusiyanitsa ndi zofukiza. The fineness ndi mphamvu ya ndondomeko imeneyi kumawonjezera kwa 4 mwezi.

Ngati mukuziyenereza kutha kuzindikira ndi kusiyanitsa fungo ana zaka 5-6 zakubadwa ndipo akuluakulu, tinganene kuti yotsirizira ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

Awa ndi makhalidwe m'badwo wa chowunikira olfactory. Mungathe kunena kuti zotsatira za maphunziro mwadongosolo akhoza kwambiri bwino kuona fungo, koma osuta akhoza kusiya kwa sharpness nzeru, monga zigawo zikuluzikulu constituent utsi wa fodya kungasokoneze pa maselo a. Komanso pafupipafupi matenda yotupa wa m'mphuno thandizo kuchepetsa fungo.

Apa takambirana dongosolo olfactory. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito anafotokoza ndi kugula kwambiri. Tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti ziwalo zonse ziri zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu. Ngati muli mavuto chowunikira chimodzi, kenako tikhoza kunena kuti adequacy za maganizo a dziko yafupika, anataya chidzalo zomverera za moyo. Dzisamalire ndi mphamvu zanu.