Mitundu: kapangidwe ndi malongosoledwe a zigawo

Maluwa ndi kusinthidwa mphukira lalifupi, amene kusinthidwa kupanga spores, gametes (maselo nyongolosi) ndi mtanda kubereketsa zomera ikuchitika. Pambuyo ndondomeko ici ulikubala mbewu ndi zipatso. Maluwa, dongosolo lomwe ndi losavuta mokwanira mu zamoyo chidwi kwambiri chinthu kuphunzira.

mbali structural

Ku maganizo a njira ya sayansi, mbewu iliyonse - ndi dongosolo kuti alipo malamulo yake. Maluwa ndi kapangidwe zotsatirazi. Tsinde la iwo - osakaniza pedicel ndi cholandirira umene masamba (iwo mwasayansi amatchedwa tsvetolistiki). Ndi tsvetolistikam ndi sepals, stamens ndi NYENJE ndipo pamakhala. Nthawi zambiri, zigawo zikuluzikulu zimenezi mozungulira likulu la mizere angapo. Ngati mbewu ali stamens ndi NYENJE, iwo amatchedwa bisexual, kapena ziwaloziwiri. Ndife dioecious kapena stamens (mu nkhani iyi, ndi maluwa amuna) kapena NYENJE (akulankhula za Movement wa Amayi).

Perianth - izi ndi chigawo wina amene ali ndi maluwa. Kapangidwe amenewa kuti amachita monga mtundu wa mtetezi ndi mbewu yaikulu amakopeka mungu. Perianth angakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana (mu nkhani iyi ndi awiri), ndipo akhoza utoto yekha mtundu wina - Pankhaniyi tilankhula za zosiyanasiyana yosavuta. Stamen, ndilo gawo wamwamuna wa mbewu zikuphatikizapo filament staminal ndi anther. Mu mtima wa maluwa ndi pistil (lomwe, ndi njira, pangakhale zingapo). Amakhala wa n'kuwasanganiza, kalembedwe ndi manyazi. Features kapangidwe maluwa amenewa kuti manyazi nawo Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa madzi mamina ndi zomwe kothawira ndipo anapitiriza mungu mbewu. Motero, aliyense imakhala duwa:

• munsi;
• stamens;
• corolla;
• pamakhala;
• epicalyx;
• cholandirira;
• mfundo;
• interstitials;
• pedicels.

Maluwa, amene dongosolo mogzhet amasiyana, amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mbali, malo awo ndi mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ambabzala ndi stamens ndi pistil nthawi yomweyo amatchedwa bisexual. Ngati pali kapena stamen kapena pistil, duwa ndi mwasayansi amatchedwa kuti gay. Chomera chingakhale wa maluwa angapo omwe anasonkhana mu inflorescence, ndipo zikhoza kukhala wosakwatiwa. Ndithudi, ngati icho chidzakhala inflorescences mofulumira mungu, pamene maluwa ndi zochepa kuonongeka ndi mmene zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe. Inflorescence, nayenso akhoza kukhala a mitundu iwiri: chosavuta (duwa lili olamulira chachikulu) kapena zovuta (yokhudza malamulo angapo maluwa).

Biology maluwa dongosolo Mzimuyo zida momwe ziriri zosokonezeka, imene imakhudza zigawo zake zonse mwakamodzi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene okhwima mungu, Maluwa ayamba anayamba, kuchititsa mungu ndi manyazi a pistil ndiye. Ndi apa kuti kubereketsa zomera. Mwa njira, zikhoza kuchitika kwa kuwoloka amapezeka nthawi zambiri, koma nthawi zina zimachitika ndi selfing. The peculiarity a njira ya mtanda ndi mungu adatengedwa ndi mphepo, madzi, tizilombo, mbalame ndi zina zotero.