Ribosome - ndi chiyani ichi? Kapangidwe ka ribosome ndi

M'selo iliyonse la chamoyo chilichonse ali ndi dongosolo zovuta kupanga ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Mwachidule, maselo a dongosolo la

Amakhala Kakhungu, cytoplasm, organelles, yomwe ili, komanso phata (kupatula prokaryotes) imene pali DNA mamolekyulu. Komanso pali zina dongosolo zoteteza pa Kakhungu lapansi. Maselo nyama ndi glycocalyx, mu mpumulo onse - khoma selo. Zomera, izo wapangidwa ndi mapadi, mu bowa - kuchokera chitin, mabakiteriya - kuchokera murein lapansi. Kakhungu tichipeza zigawo zitatu: phospholipid awiri ndi mapuloteni therebetween. Izo pores kudzera amene kulanda zinthu nazo ndi kunja. Near lililonse pore ndi mapuloteni wapadera zoyendera kuti wadutsa mu selo yekha ena zinthu. Organelles maselo nyama zotsatirazi:

• mitochondria, omwe akhale pachiyambi "mphamvu" (imene ndondomeko ya foni kupuma ndi kaphatikizidwe wa mphamvu);
• lysosomes kuti muli michere wapadera kwa kagayidwe;
• Golgi zida kwa osunga ndi kusintha zinthu zina;
• endoplasmic reticulum chimene chili chofunika kwa zoyendera mankhwala;
• centrosome wapangidwa centrioles awiri omwe amene amasamalira fission;
• nucleolus, amene nthawi kagayidwe ndi kutitengera zina organelles;

• ribosomes, zomwe ife bwinobwino m'nkhani ino;
• chomera maselo ndi organelles zina: ndi vacuole, chimene chili chofunika kudzikundikira zinthu mokakamizidwa mogwirizana ndi kulephera kuti linanena bungwe iwo kunja chifukwa amphamvu khoma khungu; plastids, amene anawagawa leucoplasts (udindo kusungiramo mankhwala michere); chromoplasts munali mtundu inki; chloroplasts, amene ndi pamene wotchedwa chlorophyll ndi photosynthesis.

Ribosome - ndi chiyani ichi?

Popeza tikulankhula za izo m'nkhaniyi, m'pomveka kufunsa funso ili. Ribosome - organelle, umene udzakhazikitsidwe pa akunja makoma mbali ya Golgi zovuta. M'pofunika kulongosola momveka kuti ribosome - izo organelles ali maselo lalikulu zedi kwambiri. Munthu angathe kukhala kwa zikwi khumi.

Kodi deta ndi organelles?

Choncho, monga tanenera kale, ribosome - dongosolo kuti ali mpanda wa Golgi zovuta. Komanso akhoza kusuntha momasuka cytoplasm lapansi. Njira yachitatu, sipangakhalenso pabwino ribosome - selo nembanemba. Ndipo anthu organelles amene ali m'dziko lino, pafupifupi musati muzisiyira izo, ndipo n'kupuma.

Ribosome - kapangidwe

Komanso, izi zikuwoneka ngati organelle ndi? Iye amaona ngati foni ndi chubu. eukaryotes Ribosome ndi prokaryotes zigwirizana ndi magawo awiri, mmodzi amene kusiyana ndi ena - zochepa. Koma awiri mwa zigawo zake sali pamodzi, pamene ali pa mpumulo. Izi zimachitika zokha pamene maselo ribosome yomweyo anayamba kugwira ntchito yawo. Nchito nkhani zotsatirazi. Ribosome, dongosolo limene limafotokoza nkhani, komanso yophatikiza Mtumiki RNA ndi kutengerapo RNA. zinthu zimenezi zifunika kulemba pa iwo mudziwe zofunika za mapuloteni cha ndende. Ribosome dongosolo limene ife kuona alibe Kakhungu. kagawo kakang'ono ake (otchedwa iwiri ya theka lake) sizikutetezedwa.

Kodi organelle izi mu cell?

ndi udindo zimene ribosome Kodi - kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni. Zimachitika pa maziko a mfundo zomwe zalembedwa pa otchedwa Mtumiki RNA (asidi ribonucleic). Ribosome dongosolo pamene taona pamwamba, akulowa subunits awiri okha pa mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe - ndondomeko amatchedwa yomasulira. Pa njirayi, ndi apanga polypeptide unyolo inali pakati pa subunits awiri ribosome a.

Kodi iwo anapanga?

Ribosome - organelle, amene analengedwa ndi nucleolus lapansi. njirayi chikuchitika mu magawo khumi, imene mapuloteni pang'onopang'ono anapanga ang'ono ndi lalikulu subunits.

Kodi mapangidwe mapuloteni?

The biosynthesis mapulotini chikuchitika mu magawo angapo. The oyamba - ndi kwa amino asidi kutsegula. A okwana makumi awiri kumeneko, ndi kaphatikizidwe iwo m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mukhoza kupeza mabiliyoni mapulotini osiyana. Kwa msinkhu umenewu kwa amino zidulo anapanga aminoalits-tRNA. njirayi sizingatheke popanda nawo ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Komanso ndondomeko izi zimafuna mankhwala enaake a cations. Gawo lachiwiri - ndi mwambo wa unyolo polypeptide, kapena ndondomeko ya kaphatikizidwe wa subunits awiri ribosome ndi yobereka kwa iwo a kwa amino zidulo n'kofunika. Mu ndondomekoyi naonsO angapezekeko ayoni magnesium ndi GTP (guanosine triphosphate). Mbali yachitatu amatchedwa elongation. Izi kaphatikizidwe mwachindunji unyolo polypeptide. Izo njira yomasulira. Kuchotsa - siteji yotsatira - ndondomeko azingokhala ribosomes pa subunits munthu ndipo phasing mwa kaphatikizidwe wa unyolo polypeptide. Kenako sitepe lomaliza - wachisanu - ndi processing. Pa nthawi imeneyi anapanga nyumba zovuta kuti kale okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo mapuloteni yosavuta unyolo kwa amino acid. pochita zimenezi michere yeniyeni, ndipo cofactors.

kapangidwe mapuloteni

Popeza dongosolo ribosome ndi ntchito imene takambirana m'nkhani ino, ndi udindo kaphatikizidwe mapulotini, ndiye tiyeni tiyang'ane pa mfundo dongosolo lawo. Ndi zapulaimale sekondale, ukachenjede ndi quaternary. Kapangidwe yoyamba ya mapuloteni ndi - zinayendera akufotokozera zomwe kwa amino zidulo anakonza kupanga anapatsidwa pawiri organic. Kapangidwe yachiwiri ya mapuloteni ndi ndi polypeptide unyolo anapangidwa kuchokera alpha-helices ndi beta-mapepala. Kapangidwe ukachenjede ya mapuloteni amapereka osakaniza ena a alpha-helices ndi beta-mapepala. Kapangidwe quaternary ndi ofanana mu mapangidwe limodzi mapangidwe macromolecular. Kuti ndi osakaniza alpha-helices ndi globules beta-nyumba mtundu kapena fibrils. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, mitundu iwiri ya mapuloteni tingaone - fibrous ndi globular. Mwa kale monga akitini ndi myosin, minofu limene anapanga. Zitsanzo wachiwiri angathe kutumikira hemoglobin, immunoglobulin ndi ena. mapulotini Fibrillar akufanana ndi filament CHIKWANGWANI. Globular ngati tangle wa kotheratu pakati pa alpha-helices ndi beta-mapepala.

denaturation ndi chiyani?

Aliyense ayenera mawuwo. Denaturation - ndiyo njira chiwonongeko cha dongosolo mapuloteni - quaternary choyamba, ukachenjede ndiye, ndipo pambuyo - ndi sekondale. Nthawi zina, pali ndi kuwonongedwa kwa dongosolo yoyamba ya mapuloteni ndi. Zimenezi angayambe chifukwa kukhudzana ndi kutentha izi mkulu wa nkhaniyi organic. Choncho, denaturation mapuloteni zingaoneke pamene otentha mazira. Nthawi zambiri, ndondomeko izi sizingasinthe. Choncho, pa kutentha pamwamba madigiri makumi awiri akuyamba denaturation wa hemoglobin kwambiri moyo hyperthermia pachiswe. Denaturation mapulotini ku zidulo yeniyeni mkati zingaoneke mu ndondomeko m'mimba, ntchito enzyme cleaves thupi zovuta mankhwala organic kuti chosavuta.

Pomaliza

Udindo wa ribosome ndi zovuta Musaone. Iwo ndiwo maziko kuli maselo. Chifukwa organelles izi, angalenge mapuloteni kuti ayenera zosiyanasiyana ntchito. mankhwala Organic kupanga ribosomes akhoza kumathandiza woteteza zoyendera, ntchito ya chothandizira, kumanga mfundo maselo, enzymatic, zolimbana (mahomoni ambiri mapuloteni dongosolo). Choncho, tinganene kuti ribosome kuchita imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri mchipindamo. Chifukwa iwo ali kwambiri - foni nthawi zonse muyenera mankhwala apanga ndi organelles izi.