Ethmoid fupa: kapangidwe (chithunzi)

Chigaza ndi mafupa mutu amafotokozera. Ndi kopanda nkhope (choipidwa) ndi ubongo kulekanitsidwa. Chakumapeto pali patsekeke. Ndi ubongo.

mwachidule

Front nkhope mafupa ankaimira anthu chachikulu airway zigawo ndi m'mimba chubu. Lilinso ndi Palatine, lacrimal, m'mphuno, zinthu zygomatic coulter ndi ethmoid fupa (Matenda a gawo lino tikambirana hereinafter). Izo ziyenera kuti mabodza masika mu gawo dipatimenti. The oziziritsa lakutali parietal, mazunzo, tapered, ndi occipital, zinthu zosatha. Palinso gawo la fupa ethmoid. Mu dipatimenti lakutali m'munsi ndi denga (mnyumba zanu) chigaza. Ubongo ndi gawo kutsogolo a Chigaza ndi fixedly chikugwirizana, kupatula nsagwada m'munsi. Iwo articulates flexibly mwa olowa mafupa kachisi.

dipatimenti ubongo

Monga mbali ya kuika panopa mafupa mosabisa. Zikuphatikizapo lonse kanthawi ndi occipital ndi mazunzo ndi parietal zigawo zikuluzikulu. Lathyathyathya mbale fupa zigwirizana mankhwala yaying'ono (mkati ndi kunja), lomwe lili pakati pa chofewa ngati siponji dongosolo fupa (diploe). zinthu pawiri denga ikuchitika mwa matabwa. Patsinde pa chigaza ndi - m'munsi chimodzi - lili foramen magnum. Izo zikugwirizana M'mimbamo kwa ngalande msana. Komanso, mabowo ali pano kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Monga m'munsi mbali mafupa protrude zosatha zinthu piramidi. Iwo ali ziwalo za ziwalo bwino kumva. Wakutali mkati ndi kunja mbali ya Chibade m'munsi. Woyamba magawo kumbuyo, pakati ndi kutsogolo dzenje chapakati. Iwo zili m'madera osiyanasiyana a ubongo. M'chigawo chapakati ndi m'katikati ephippium dzenje. Mmenemo muli pituitary England. Kumbali kunja kwa m'munsi m'mbali mwa condyles occipital kugona mabowo awiri. Iwo nawo mapangidwe olowa occipital.

ofesi kutsogolo

Nsagwada chapamwamba ukufanizidwa wophatikizidwa fupa. Mkati ndi pa maxillary nkusani. Kudzera zigawo za ziwalo anapanga ndi m'mphuno zokhazikapo diso, m'kamwa molimbika. Pa mbali ili phiko-Palatine fossa. Iwo amalankhula ndi pakamwa, M'mimbamo m'mphuno, ndipo cranial diso zitsulo. Padziko lino lomweli pano infratemporal ndi fossa mwakanthawi. Front Mu m'mphuno lotseguka maxillary, mazunzo ndi mphero zinthu ndi maselo ethmoid. The articulation la nsagwada m'munsi likuvutika zimfundo temporo-mandibular. Yotsatira chimene chimapanga ethmoid fupa.

Kaswili, malo

mchitidwe uwu chimalisiyanitsanso ndi cranial ndi m'mphuno cavities. Ethmoid fupa, zithunzi ndi kuperekedwa mu nkhani, ndi unpaired. gawo ali ndi mawonekedwe pafupi kiyubiki. Mchitidwe komanso zimaonetsa kapangidwe ka chisa. Ichi ndi chifukwa dzinalo. Lili pakati pa gawo mphero (kumbuyo) kwa fupa mazunzo ndi nsagwada chapamwamba (pansi). Mchitidwe chimafikira pamodzi ndi mzere pakati. Ethmoid fupa alipo mu zone kutsogolo kwa oziziritsa khadi m'munsi ndi gawo kutsogolo. Iwo nawo mu mapangidwe mphuno ndi diso mwake. Mu gawo la mbale alipo. Kuyambira kulondola njira popanda kusochera ake mbali ili. Iwo anaphimba pa kunja vertically anakonza yozungulira padziko (lamanja ndi lamanzere).

Ethmoid mbale wa fupa ethmoid

Izi amafotokozera - gawo chapamwamba gawo lapansi. Malowa ali pamtunda mu latisi kudula mu fupa mazunzo. mbale kumatanthauza mapangidwe pansi mu zapambuyo cranial fossa. Padziko lonse amafotokozera ali wotanganidwa ndi mabowo. Mu maonekedwe izo akufanana ndi sieve, kumene zoona, dzina lake. Kudzera mipata izi kugona mu cranial M'mimbamo misempha olfactory (Cranial oyamba). Midline wa mbale pali cockscomb. Mu malangizo zimakhalira kutsogolo wophatikizidwa mafuta - phiko. mbali izi pamodzi ndi fupa mazunzo, amene amayendetsa patsogolo, delimit dzenje akhungu. Mu njira kupitiriza lokwera mutuluka perpendicular pamwamba. Ilinso ndi osasamba pentagonal mawonekedwe. Iwo imatsogoleredwa downwardly cha m'mphuno. Mu chotengera ichi zone, kunama vertically, mtsikanayu mapangidwe ndi kugawa malo chapamwamba.

kukhotakhota

awiri Izi mapangidwe. Amakhala ethmoid nkusani (cavities pneumatic zomwe kukambirana pakati pawo ndipo ndi malo mphuno). The lamanja ndi lamanzere pamwamba pa wachinyamata zikuwoneka ngati inaimitsidwa. The medial pamwamba mapangidwe zochokera mu m'mphuno ndi umatilekanitsa mbale perpendicular mwa mipata ofukula yopapatiza. Iye, iwonso, ali sagittal (ofukula) ndege. Pa mbali lateral okutidwa ndi labyrinths osalala woonda mbale. Iyi ndi mbali ya padziko medial wa zitsulo diso.

mphuno chipolopolo

Kumbali medial selo okutidwa ndi yokhota kumapeto woonda mbale Bony. Iwo ali pakati ndi chapamwamba mphuno chipolopolo. M'munsi mapeto a aliyense wopachikidwa momasuka kagawo lapansi. Ilo liri pakati perpendicular kwa mbale ndi yokhotakhota. Mbali chapamwamba lililonse chipolopolo amamangiriridwa pamwamba medial a awatulutsira ndi yokhotakhota. Top amamangiriridwa, motero, chipolopolo chapamwamba, pang'ono m'munsimu ndi pang'ono anteriorly akudutsa pafupifupi. Nthawi zina, ndi mbali yachitatu ndi wapezeka. Iye amatchedwa "chipolopolo wapamwamba" ndi ofooka Yekha. Pakati pa zipolopolo pakati ndi chapamwamba lagona ndimeyi m'mphuno. Iye ankayimiridwa ndi kusiyana yopapatiza. Njira pafupifupi ili pansipa yokhota kumapeto mbali lolingana turbinate. Iye yochepa kuti pansipa gawo kumtunda kwa mphuno m'munsi chipolopolo. Pa m'mphepete ake kumbuyo alipo hamulus ndichotse kunsi. Iye ali pa chigaza articulates ndi latticed mafuta anakafika ku chipolopolo pansi. Zapambuyo mapangidwe bulges mu njira pakati pa kuwira chachikulu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa cavities waukulu womwenso fupa ethmoid. Kumbuyo ndi pamwamba pa kuwira zazikulu ndi mafuta mbedza woboola pakati kutsogolo ndi pansi pa kusiyana Tingaone. Iwo ali nyuzi mawonekedwe. Kudzera kusiyana imeneyi ikuchitika uthenga wa nkusani mazunzo ndi meatus pakati. Izi ndi thunthu yachibadwa ya fupa ethmoid.

Mitundu zimfundo

Kapangidwe ethmoid pawiri kumafuna mamembala angapo a Chigaza lapansi. Makamaka, ali ndi malo olowa ndi zigawo izi:

1. Kutsegula. Ndi ethmoid mchitidwe zikugwirizana gawo chapamwamba m'mphepete kutsogolo.
2. Chapamwamba pachibwano. Mphambano ikuchitika kunja anthu wamba lateral ndi zisa ndondomeko mazunzo ndi dera m'munsi-lateral ndi gawo la kumbuyo la m'mphepete mkati padziko yozungulira.
3. The mazunzo fupa. Kulumikiza kumachitika abutting m'mphepete patsogolo mchitidwe wa perpendicular kwa msana m'mphuno. Komanso theka maselo m'madera lateral ndi mbale yopingasa articulates ndi theka-khungu mu latisi ndi kudula kunja. Mu msoko ili gawo akudutsa.
4. Sphenoid fupa. Kumbuyo m'mphepete mwa yopingasa mbale pafupi trellis msana. Kugwirizana kusintha aumbike gawo ili. M'mphepete kumbuyo kwa mbale ofukula articulates ndi Crest lapansi. Pa nthawi imeneyi, msoko akudutsa. Kumbuyo m'mphepete mwa misa lateral pafupi ndi mbali yakunja Predné-gawo. Choncho aumbike pa msoko.
5. Palatine fupa. Mphambano The ikuchitika pa mlingo wa mbali pansi pa makona lateral misa.
6. M'mphuno mafupa. Articulation amachita m'mphepete kutsogolo kwa gawo choimirira.
7. Lacrimal fupa. Mu pawiri izi kutengela lateral pamwamba pa misa ofanana.
8. Cartilaginous mbali ya m'mphuno septum. Kugwirizana wapangidwa mbali m'munsi-kutsogolo kwa mbale choimirira.
9. Pansi lakuya mphuno. Ethmoid fupa linanena nazo ndi N mphambano ndondomeko hooklike pakati pa M'mimbamo ku nthambi ya turbinate otsika.

mapangidwe

Ethmoid fupa ali chichereŵechereŵe (sekondale) chiyambi. Akufotokozera mitima anayi chichereŵechereŵe mu kapisozi m'mphuno. Malinga ndi mbali ina gwero alipo mu ofukula mbale, cockscomb ndi misa lateral. Ossification kufalikira oyamba turbinate lapansi. Pambuyo ndondomeko amatenda mbale gululi. Mwana akabadwa, miyezi sikisi, pali ossification a pamwamba yozungulira, ndipo patapita zaka 2 - cockscomb. Ofukula mbale ndondomeko amangonena moyo chaka 6-8. Polankhula yokhotakhota potsiriza anapereka kwa zaka 12-14.

kuvulazidwa

Chifukwa chakuti dongosolo porous la fupa ethmoid, gawo ndi atengeke kwambiri kuvulala. fractures amayambira ku ngozi, kugwa, ndewu, patsogolo m'mwamba nkhonya kwa mphuno. Splinters fupa momasuka adutsa mbale gululi mu M'mimbamo cranial kwenikweni. Izi kungakhale liquorrhea (ingress CSF) mu dera mphuno. Chifukwa uthenga chigaza ndi cavities m'mphuno amakwiya lolemera, n'zovuta kuthetsa matenda a CNS. Ethmoid fupa ali pa ubwenzi wabwino ndi mitsempha olfactory. Ngati kuonongeka mchitidwe akhoza poipa kapena kutha kwathunthu kudziwa zofukiza.