Reserve Orenburg: zomera ndi nyama, mbiri yakale komanso ofukula zinthu zakale malo

Orenburg dera ili pa malo malire a m'madera osiyana zoogeographical ndi malo m'mayiko ambiri. Pali zinthu zambiri zinachititsa kuti m'maganizo ndi wapadera wa zomera.

Nkhokwe, pansi pa chitetezero cha boma, maphunziro (mu zachilengedwe), kafukufuku wa sayansi, mabungwe zachilengedwe. Cholinga cha ntchito yawo ndi kusunga ndi kuphunzira kayendedwe chilengedwe cha kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kapena zochitika. Komanso, mu madera a mabacteria izi kudzadza nyama majini thumba la nyama ndi zomera, nkhani kuteteza madera munthu ndi mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera, wapadera kapena mmene machitidwe zachilengedwe. Reserve "Orenburg" - yotero.

mafotokozedwe ambiri

zone Environmental aumbike mwa magawo anayi, okwana dera lomwe ndi lofanana 21,7 zikwi. Ha.

Orenburg Reserve lili:

• "Talovskie steppe" - mahekitala 3200;
• "Burtinskaya steppe" - mahekitala 4500;
• "Aytuarskuyu steppe" - mahekitala 6753;
• "Aschisayskuyu steppe" - mahekitala 7200.

mabacteria onse anakonza pafupifupi pa ufulu chomwecho. Longitude iwo anapatukana ndi 240, 380 ndi 75 Km. Izi kugawikana Kupititsa analola kuti athe kudzapereka Mitundu ya malo anapezeka m'chigawo cha m'dera Orenburg.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Zolinga koyamba kwa gulu la Malo otetezedwa amenewa anayamba kubwerera mu makumi Mu zaka zapitazo. Koma mu 1975 adayamba akuyendera. The kutsogolera anatumikira monga kuphunzira limodzi la Maulendo a, chifukwa imene wapezeka primordial steppe dziko m'dera Orenburg. Pomaliza, m'dera limeneli linakhazikitsidwa mu 1989.

zone nyengo

Pa gawo akulamulira youma chokhala ndi nyengo. Wapakati kutentha kwa 2.5 ° C. The osazizira nyengo ya malo ndi masiku 130. Mvula pachaka ndi 390mm.

Aytuarskaya steppe

gawo ali kudera la mahekitala 6753, izo lili kumanzere gombe la mtsinje. Ural Mountains, kumalire a dziko lathu ndi Kazakhstan. 60-ntchentche za m'ma lomaliza steppes zedi izi awiri wodzichepetsa Chikazaki aul. Steppe ndi dambo timapepala ntchito ngati hayfields, koma zinthu zonse zachuma ndi inaimitsidwa lero. Kupatulapo anali yekhayo kavalo munda, mwapadera kubala mkulu khalidwe Aytuarke kwa koumiss.

Orenburg malo m'dera lino amaona chigawo kwambiri lamapiri. Ndi mbali ya Ural dzanja apangidwe. zomera ikuyimiridwa ndi mitundu 38 ya nyama. M'dera wamba hamsters wamba, loafers, yosavuta slepushonki, mbewa birch, pikas. Ogwirira ali steppe ferrets, nkhandwe. Zitsamba ndi m'nkhalango zake anthu nswala, nguluwe, mbawala.

Chimagwiritsidwa 106 mitundu ya mbalame, izo zadziwidwa kuti 41 mwa zisa. Zambiri Falconiformes, kuphatikizapo kestrel wamng'ono, saker kabawi, lachifumu mphungu, khwangwala, Pallid Harrier, Mphungu. M'dera lino la malo ndi sanapeze bustards, partridges, quails. Tizilombo amene timapemphera zosiyanasiyana mitundu kutchulidwa Red Book of Russia.

Mbiri ndi ofukula za m'mabwinja malo akutsutsa

Mwa malo pali anayi amene ndi awiri chitunda m'manda. Pafupi ndi malire malo okwana 16 barrows mofatsa.

Aschisayskaya steppe

Dera limeneli lili pa malo mahekitala 7200 omwe Svetlinskoye m'deralo. Poyamba steppe anali ochepa msipu ng'ombe katundu, malo ena ntchito ngati udzu.

M'dera thandizo mosabisa, mosabisa, pang'ono mumbali. Wokongola Mosiyana Aschisayskoy steppe kupereka ovuta relict, zitunda, zitunda, sali pansi mitsinje ndi nyanja ntchito.

Hydrographic steppe m'maenje ndi ochepa ndi nyanja, potsata kudzazidwa buku la madzi thawed vernal. Ambiri a iwo ndi mawonekedwe anamaliza. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri, chomwe chili chikhalidwe malo "Orenburg".

Kuti kutetezedwa m'dera lino?

Pa gawo imafalira pa 20 mtundu wa nyama, 53 Mbalame za mitundu kukaikira mazira. Mwa oimira zinyama (zinyama), mitundu kwambiri khalidwe ang'ono gologolo, akatumbu, steppe polecat, marmot, nkhandwe. Mwa mbalame anaganiza kuonetsetsa ndi belladonna, steppe mphungu, lark. Steppe nyanja chisa Ogar, chimeza, bittern.

Luso la mtengo mbiri yakale komanso ofukula zinthu zakale

Pa dera la malo pali chitunda, malinga ndi kafukufuku, ndi cha mabanja a mochedwa akale wongosamukasamuka. kutalika kwake ndi 1 m, awiri - 20 m.

Burtinskaya steppe

Malowa ali mu Preduralsky Orenbuzhya m'dera agwilitse malo 4,500 Ha. Steppe m'nyengo Soviet mwina opareshoni monga udzu. Zoni gawo lotetezedwa tichipeza saline ndi dambo timapepala karst nyanja Koskol.

steppe ili mu Urals kum'mawa Choncho foredeep anapereka akakhala steeply mumbali mtunda. malo amakono anayamba mapangidwe ake mu Pliocene ku malo a m'chipululu. Mawonekedwe chachikulu cha madzi kulekanitsa yachonde anali Mueldy.

The miyala lalikulu awa akuimira chokhala conglomerates wofiira polymictic. Dothi n'kupanga miyala zosiyanasiyana. Pa otsetsereka ndi wofatsa alipo eluvial miyala ya kapangidwe lolemera.

Mwa malo chowululidwa mitundu khumi dothi. Chifukwa cha nthaka kupanga kum'mwera wakuda nthaka chiyambi. The humus kaja ukufika za 38 cm, m'mene zili humus abwera 8%.

Maukonde hydrographic bwino kwambiri anayamba ndi yodziwika ndi otaya zonse. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi malire chapamwamba cha mitsinje yaing'ono, magwero, madzi zosakhalitsa. Mu zone chitetezo, pali nyanja ziwiri Koskol ndi chiyambi karst. madzi slabomineralizirovannaya.

Orenburg Reserve, kumene Kaynar masika (mu Burtinskaya steppe), ndi kumidzi zidzasintha. Gwero kwambiri anawonjezera kuti chidwi chachikulu. Malo a padziko madzi 15 m². Ndi amphamvu, zozizwitsa mtundu masika voklyuznogo amaundana ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira.

Burtinskaya steppe imatengedwa ndi miyeso yolinganizira Preduralsky steeply mumbali, mitunda mapiri. m'dera anapereka chigwa-mtengo, mezhsyrtovo m'chigwa, syrt-zomwe zili mitundu mtunda.

The zomera za steppe omwe afunsidwa zingapo zakale ndi gornostepnyh edemikov, monga clove Ural, astragalus Guelma, scratchy gornokolosnik ndi ena.

State Natural Reserve "Orenburg" mu Burtinskaya steppe akuzisunga oimira ambiri a nyama ndi zomera. A zosiyanasiyana wapadera ndi chuma cha zinyama zosiyana. Zimapezeka pansi pafupifupi 120 mitundu ya mbalame, kuphatikizapo mitundu 51 kukaikira mazira m'tsogolo. Oimira kwambiri mmene amaonedwa bustard pang'ono, steppe mphungu, demoiselle Crane, kestrel, ndi belladonna, red-footed kabawi, harrier, wakuda grouse.

Mwa nyama anapeza 24 mitundu: agologolo, marmots, loafers, hamsters, voles, pikas. Zapoizoni akhoza taonera steppe mamba ndi bog kamba.

Mbiri ndi ofukula za m'mabwinja malo akutsutsa

Mu gawo manda chitunda zomwe wa Sarmatian chikhalidwe VII-III zaka. d. N. e. chipilala ili pa chikweza pafupi Mueldy chizindikiro kafukufuku "420,9 m." Iwo aumbike mwa n'chodabwitsa 13 awiri amene makamaka lalikulu ndi kufika kutalika kwa 2.5 mamita awiri ndi 40 mamita n'chodabwitsa Other pafupifupi ofanana :. Msinkhu wa 0,8 mamita ndi awiri a 10 20 m.

Talovskaya steppe

Malowa ali pa chigawo Choyamba dera, ndipo chimakwirira kudera la mahekitala 3200. Mpaka 1988 apo unachitikira ndi zolimbitsa odyetserako akavalo, ndi nkhosa ndi ng'ombe. Komanso, pali yotentha magalimoto nkhosa odyetserako pafupi zomwe kuwononga zomera ndi nthaka anapezeka.

Relief osiyana kumveka maonekedwe, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa makamaka Mesozoic. Modern mtundu wa m'dera anapeza m'nthawi Quaternary mchikakamizo cha njira denudation imene inachititsa kuti kuwuka kwa gawo.

Ndimapanga miyala akupereka lililonse ukachenjede clays saline nyanja. The Malo otetezedwa ili pa kusintha kwa chernozem kuti mdima dothi mgoza. Pa otsetsereka wofatsa ndi watersheds akhoza kupanga dothi sing'anga-Mbali yokhala ngati.

Orenburg Nature Reserve yosiyana steppe Talovskaya ofooka anayamba hydrography. Intaneti mtsinje awa akuimira mitsinje yekha zosakhalitsa. Ndi imachokera kwa mitsinje ndi Malaya Talovaya Sadomna, mkati m'deralo, iwo alibe otaya zonse. Komanso palibe mawonetseredwe a pansi.

Talovskaya steppe ndi miyeso yolinganizira Zavolzhskaya-Ural steppes. Thupi kapangidwe dera anapanga syrt-plakor, undulating interfluvial ndi chigwa-mtundu girder.

Mbiri ndi ofukula zinthu zakale zipilala gawo

Pa gawo pali mulu manda, amati chikhalidwe Sarmatian. Angapezeke pa malire kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa malo pa mlingo wa 198,9 m. Izi ndi wapadera phindu pofukula, womwenso malo "Orenburg".

Director wa Malo otetezedwa

Dongosolo la nduna ya Natural Resources ndi Ubale wa dziko August 19, 2013 woyang'anira malo wakhala anasankha Rafil Talgatovna Bakirov. Izi ndi katswiri lalikulu, PhD, wotsogolera wa ntchito UN steppe maiko oyandikana, kucheza pulofesa mutu wa mu Dipatimenti ya Zamalamulo ya University m'dera ulimi, umene collaborates Reserve "Orenburg". Bakirov losiyana chidwi mwa kupambana kwa ntchito. Kodi chibadidwe Luso ndi mphamvu zopanda malire; choncho Malo otetezedwa kokha patsogolo.

Orenburg State Reserve ali m'manja. Palibe kukaikira Luso kudzipereka kwa wotsogolera latsopano. Ndi ntchito imene imachitika mu malo angapezeke pa TV. Iwowa anatchula njira zachilengedwe kunachitika steppe ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, mpikisano, kufalitsa ndi malonda. Chifukwa ili malo chikhalidwe amakopa alendo ambiri.

mapulogalamu ulendowu

Mukadzapita ku chikhalidwe wapadera akutsutsa anthu osati timudziwe bwino zikhalidwe wapadera chilengedwe malo otetezedwa. Paulendo, alendo mutha kuzindikira fragility ubale wake, mosavuta destructible mchikakamizo cha munthu.

Pakali pano, malo akhoza kudutsa maphunziro ndi nkhani maulendo anayi ulendowu. Izi "chosasintha World" Trans-Urals, Trans-Volga dera, kum'mwera Urals, Urals.

nyama

Reserve "Orenburg" ali ndi zinyama zomwe amaona mmene dera m'deralo. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu zotsatirazi nyama steppe:

• Lun.
• Kestrel.
• Belladona.
• Bustard.
• Lemming.
• Slepushonki ndi zina zotero.

Orenburg Reserve, nyama ndi zomera zomwe kukuteteza wapadera, mulinso ambiri mitundu khalidwe la zone deciduous nkhalango. mbewa izi European Hedgehog, yoongoka, amphaka, kestrel, katundu-nkhunda, grouse, Scops Kadzidzi, matabwa njiwa. Komanso, mu malo kusamala anthu oimira theka chipululu, makamaka, kuleza opindika m'makona hedgehog, mbalame yaing'ono. Nthawi zina pali nthumwi yowala mitundu Titafika pamalo - achisanu kadzidzi.

Modern gawo zinyama ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo ndi olemera. Nawa anapereka nyama - za 48 mitundu, mbalame - 190 mitundu ya chokwawa - 7 mitundu ya achule - 5 mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba - 6 mitundu, mitundu 1,000 tizilombo. Orenburg Reserve, amene chithunzi chili m'munsimu, kusamalira topezeka lonse.

Pakuti nyama monga mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya zimadya, 23 - makoswe 3 - mileme 9 - zolusa 4 - artiodactyla, 2 - lagomorphs. 15 mitundu ya nyama zimenezi wamba m'madera onse a zone kutetezedwa. Pakati pawo, marmots, agologolo pansi, voles, mbewa, lemming, mbewa birch, mbewa yoyenda modumpha, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, kalulu, akatumbu, polecat, weasel, Korsak.

Flora

Reserve "Orenburg" lili oposa 600 mitundu Kukhala mbali ya dziko mbewu. chithunzi ichi ndi 40% ya chiwerengero cha mitundu ya zomera kukula zonse zatha m'munda. Pakati pawo nthawi kwambiri ntchito imene yatsala pang'ono kutha. Mu Red Book wa dziko mitundu 23 ya zomera. mitundu ya zomera zimene zimakhala malo oteteza zachilengedwe, amanena phiri-steppe Petrophytes mwachitsanzo kopeechnik serebrolistny, cloves Ural, astragalus Guelma, Silene Bashkir.

Reserve "Orenburg" ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera kwa dziko lathu. Pa m'gawo lake anatha kusunga wapadera dongosolo zachilengedwe a steppe woyendera nthambi zomwe zili mitunda. Ndi dziko limene palibe nkhawa ndi nkhawa, Ufumu wa chikhalidwe ndi umodzi, umene uli wofunika kusunga.