Kutentha mankhwala ndi zitsulo

Zitsulo Kutentha mankhwala akhoza ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Akatswiri kusiyanitsa pakati pa njira zotsatirazi:

1. mfuti.

2. Normalization.

3. oipa.

4. Atuluka.

Kutentha mankhwala ndi zitsulo calcination mankhwala ndi mkangano ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 840 kwa 900. Pa kutentha ichi, kukhudzana ikuchitika kwa maola osachepera awiri, kuzirala amapezeka mu ng'anjo.

Steels mwanjira imeneyi ntchito kupanga mankhwala kale mtima kapena pamene kufunika kwa mankhwala atsopano chifukwa mtima analephera zapitazi. Mu unfired mwatsatanetsatane wotsatira kutentha zingakhudze mtundu ming'alu imene idzatsogolera ku heterogeneity mu zitsulo kapangidwe. Zimenezi n'zochititsa chidwi kusokoneza khalidwe la mankhwala.

Yowotcha mbali yaing'ono amagwiritsa zitsulo ndodo chachikulu losonyeza, pamodzi ndi zimene iwo ndi utakhazikika. Nthawi zina, ndi muuni acetylene ntchito magetsi. Pakuti kuzirala mwapang'onopang'ono mankhwala, muniwo pang'ono ndi pang'ono kusuntha kwa iye.

Kutentha mankhwala ndi zitsulo ndi mbali normalizing ndi Kutentha kwa kutentha anakhumba ndi yozizira ndege.

Tempering ndi kutentha ndi kuzirala mofulumira. Chotero kutentha mankhwala umagwiritsidwa ntchito zitsulo mpweya ndi ena aloyi mitundu zitsulo. Monga Chifukwa zotsatira ndi kusintha kwa galasi latisi nkhani - izo amapeza apamwamba dzimbiri kukana ndi kuuma. Pamene zili mpweya mu zitsulo kuti 0,3% tempering si anachita. The Kutentha kutentha amusankha malingana kalasi ya chitsulo. Idamva pazipita kololeka kutentha ( "perezhig") chingandithandize imfa ya katundu zitsulo. Chifukwa ndi banja okhazikika.

Pofuna kupewa mbali yaing'ono perezhiga kumbali applicable preheated (likulu). Rapid mankhwala kuzirala amatipatsa tempering olimba. Chifukwa, iwo akhoza kupanga chidwi mkati maganizo, zina, ngakhale mng'alu. Komabe, ngati amafuna pang'onopang'ono yozizira tempering kuuma sungagulire.

Monga yozizira madzi sing'anga ntchito, mafuta, mpweya kapena amadzimadzi njira. Salt (mbalambanda), hydroxide nitrate kapena sodium, akuwonjezeka coolants, akhoza imathandizira kuzirala. Pofuna kuchepetsa mlingo yozizira mu madzi anawonjezera yankho sopo, galasi madzi, ndi emulsion mafuta, mkaka wa laimu ndi mbali zina.

Mu yotsatana oipa kuchuluka kwa nkhani ntchito chotengera lalikulu kapena pafupipafupi kusintha madzi. Zikatero anapereka yunifolomu othetsa.

Mokwanira mofulumira ndi yunifolomu kuzirala wa zitsulo amapezeka 8-12 wazaka peresenti njira ya mchere wamba ndi madzi, kapena hydroxide ndi sodium pa madigiri 20.

Tchuthi ndi Kutentha la mbali kuti anakonzeratu kutentha liwiro, ndi kuzirala mofulumira. njira processing umagwiritsidwa, pambuyo yozizira mankhwala pa kuumitsa ndi kuchepetsa brittleness pang'ono kuuma. Pali atatu mitundu ya holide: mkulu, otsika ndi sing'anga. Mtundu ambiri mankhwala otsika. Choncho, pamene usavutike madigiri 170 nkhawa mkati atachotsedwa mankhwala popanda kusintha kuuma zakuthupi.

Ndi osiyana mitundu thermochemical chithandizo cha chitsulo. Zimenezi Chili zotsatira za kutentha ndi machulukitsidwe wa padziko kapena zinthu zina zitsulo. chithandizo Izi zimathandiza kusintha mipweya, katundu ndi microstructure zigawo pamwamba pa nkhaniyo.

Mankhwala-matenthedwe zotsatira monga nitriding, carburizing, aluminizing, cyanidation, siliconizing ndi njira zina.